Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (JEPH)
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Epidemiological Investigation of A Goat Rabies Outbreak and Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Communities Regarding Rabies in the Rural Commune of Sabou, Burkina Faso
Full text linkBackground: Dog-mediated human rabies is one of the top five priority zoonotic diseases identified for the One Health multisectoral engagement in Burkina Faso. Integrated approaches are required in endemic areas for reliable data collection and improved management of bite victims. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of communities regarding rabies and preventive methods.Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional household survey was conducted in the Commune of Sabou after a goat rabies confirmation. A structured questionnaire was administered to 305 house-hold members to capture data. The dependent variables in this study were the knowledge of rabies and animal vectors, the action to be taken regarding the biting animal, the main challenges to PEP coverage, the knowledge of preventive measures, and the minimum age recommended for primo-vaccination. The independent variables in this study were gender, level of education, professional status, and dog-owning status. The study was analyzed using the Chi-Square test.Results: The results provided that the suspected goat was infected by the rabies virus. Subsequently, the outbreak joint investigation initiated involved key local stakeholders. Data collected during the investigation raised the need for counter-measures such as identification of awareness gaps, organization of a dog rabies vaccination, and awareness-raising campaigns in the local communities. The household survey revealed low awareness about animals involved in human rabies transmission, the common routes of transmission, and the postexposure prophylaxis. Moreover, hindrances to postexposure prophylaxis access cited by the participants were related to frequent vaccine shortage (39.7%) as well as financial inaccessibility (60.3%). In addition, 40% of participants were not well aware of pet rabies prevention and reported only 67.6% of owned dogs were vaccinated.Conclusion: According to the study results, there is a need to strengthen rabies surveillance, promoting outbreak joint investigation, and integrated bite case management. Moreover, key messages on animal and human rabies prevention should be developed and shared with the communities.
Keywords: Canine rabies, zoonoses, joint investigation, community awareness, public health, household surve
Meta-Analysis: Factors Related with Obesity in Adolescents
Full text linkBackground: Obesity is excess body weight above the normal BMI limit. This can be experienced by anyone, starting from children, productive teenagers who do not maintain a healthy lifestyle, which can cause premature death. There are various factors that cause obesity from several research findings. This study aims to analyze and estimate factors that influence the risk of obesity in adole-scents.Subjects and Method: This research is a systematic review and meta-analysis with PRISMA and PICO diagrams. Population= teenagers. Intervention= strong physical activity, high income, female gender, strong consumption of fruit, and high maternal education. Comparison= weak physical activity, low income, male gender, weak consumption of fruit, and low maternal education. Result= obesity. The search for this article came from databases namely PudMed and Science Direct. The article keywords used are "physical activity" AND "Income" AND "fruit consumption" AND "mater-nal education" AND "obesity" AND "young factor". The articles included in this research are full paper articles, cross-sectional study design, publication year range 2013-2023, and the magnitude of the Adjusted Odds Ratio relationship. Articles were filtered using the PRISMA flow diagram and analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3.Results: There are 10 articles with cross-sectional studies that show the risk of obesity is signifi-cantly influenced by high income by 2.04 times (aOR= 2.04; 95% CI=0.97 to 4.30; p= 0.060), female gender by 2.28 times (aOR= 2.28; 95% CI= 1.64 to 3.17; p<0.001), strong fruit consumption was 2.11 times (aOR= 2.11; 95% CI= 1.30 to 3.44; p= 0.003), and high maternal education was 1.64 times (aOR=1.64; 95% CI= 1.10 to 2.45; p= 0.020) and the influence of weak physical activity which is 0.59 times the risk of obesity with statistically significant results (aOR= 0.59; 95% CI= 0.41 to 0.83; p=0.003).Conclusion: Risk factors that influence obesity in adolescents include high income, female gender, fruit consumption, high maternal education, and weak activity.
Keywords: Obesity, risk factors, health problems, teenagers
Food Safety Awareness and Practices among Adult Women and Its Association with Acute Diarrheal Disease in their Household in a Rural Area of Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
Full text linkBackground: Food safety is a paramount concern in today's world, given its critical implications for public health. Contaminated food can lead to severe illnesses and outbreaks, affecting individuals of all ages and backgrounds. Therefore, the study was conducted to assess the level of food safety awareness and attitude among adult women.Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural field practice area of PSG Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Coimbatore from December 2019 to May 2020. A total of 400 participants were selected using systematic random sampling. A pretested, validated study questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data analysis is done by the estimation of disease risk associated with exposure and calculating the p<0.050 proving the statistical association between exposure status and disease occurrence.Results: Half of them (50%) had adequate knowledge regarding food safety practices and 60% adequately practiced them. Washing hands after using the toilet was practiced by 80.8%. washing hands before eating food was practiced by 74.3%. Rat and fly menace were present in 20.5% and 23.3% respectively. Acute Diarrheal Disease was present in 19.3% of households. The presence of acute diarrhoeal disease (ADD) was found to be significantly higher in those who were not washing their hands after using the toilet, presence of flies and rats in the kitchen, and having inadequate knowledge and practices regarding food safety.Conclusion: Though half of the women demonstrated awareness of food safety principles, the study revealed that actual implementation of safe practices remains inadequate. The association of diarrheal diseases with poor handwashing habits, as well as the presence of pests in the kitchen, emphasizes the critical need for targeted interventions to address these issue
Correlations between History of Contact with Infected Person and Measles Vaccination Status on the Risk of Measles Incidence in Children: Meta-Analysis
Full text linkBackground: Measles is a disease that can be prevented by immunization (VPD), which is highly contagious and often causes widespread outbreaks and can cause lifelong complications and death. Some evidence suggests that the risk of measles is due to contact history and vaccine status. This study aims to estimate the magnitude of the relationship between contact history and vaccine status with the incidence of measles in children, through a meta-analysis of primary studies conducted by previous authors.Subjects and Method: This research is a systematic review and meta-analysis with PICO as follows, Population: children. Intervention: contact history, vaccine status. Comparison: no contact history, no vaccine. Outcome: measles. The articles used in this research were obtained from three databases, namely PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, using the keys "History contact" AND "Vaccine" OR "Vaccinated" OR "Immunization" AND "Measles" AND "Children. The included articles were full-text with a case-control study design from 2012 to 2023 and reported the adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) in multivariate analysis. Article selection was carried out using the PRISMA flow diagram. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: A total of 8 case-control studies involving the African continent and the Asian continent were selected for meta-analysis. Children with a history of contact have an increased risk of developing measles 4.38 times compared with children without a history of contact, and this relationship is statistically significant (aOR=4.38; 95% CI=1.36 to 14.09; p= 0.010). Children who had been given the measles vaccine had a reduced risk of getting measles 0.30 times compared to children who had not been given the measles vaccine, and this result was statistically significant (aOR= 0.30; 95% CI= 0.22 to 0.40; p< 0.001).Conclusion: Contact history statistically significantly increases the risk of getting measles in children, vaccine statistically significantly reduces the risk of getting measles in children.
Keywords: Contact history, vaccine status, measles, children
The Prevalence and Distribution of Domiciliary Cockroaches in Rural Areas: A Cross-Sectional Study Design in Limpopo Province
Full text linkBackground: Cockroach infestation raises health concerns in the communities. The study aimed to identify the type of cockroach species found in the rural parts and assess the distribution of cockroach species in the area.Subjects and Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the households found in Ward 2 villages, Bolobedu and Limpopo Province in March 2021. A total of 120 households were selected using a multistage sampling strategy. Structured interviews were conducted to gather information about cockroach infestation in the households. The variables of interest in this study included the locations of cockroach sightings, pest control strategies used, and cockroach species trapped. A total of 1,186 cockroaches were trapped using a size 21×15 cm2 sticky paper sheet. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 29.Results: About 751 (64%) of cockroaches were trapped in the indoor environment and 427 (36%) in the outdoor environment. Three species of cockroaches were identified as B. germanica, B. orientalis and P. americana cockroach. Sixty-nine (66%) of the households used spray or aerosol as a control strategy to reduce the cockroach population.Conclusion: Irrespective of the villages where the cockroaches were trapped, B. germanica was the most prevalent species across the villages. Effective control strategies are required to also reduce the likelihood of pesticide resistance as well as decrease the exposure of humans to pesticide residues.
Keywords: Blattella germanica, Blatta orientalis, Periplaneta americana, prevalence, distributio
Determinants of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Bamboo Woven Craftsmen in Lamongan, East Java
Full text linkBackround: Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are significant debilitating conditions and refer to a variety of degenerative or inflammatory conditions affecting the joints, muscles, ligaments, cartilage, and blood vessels. This research aims to determine the influence of Musculoskeletal Disorders on bamboo woven craftsmen in Lamongan.
Subject and Method: This cross-sectional research was conducted in Payaman village, Solokuro District, Lamingan Regency, East Java in October-November. A total of 200 bamboo woven craftsmen were randomly selected using a random number generator. The dependent variable in this study is Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). The independent variables in this study were work stress, age, length of service, duration of work, and exercise habits. The research instruments used the Nordic Body Map questionnaire, work stress questionnaire, and interviews related to age, length of service, duration of work, and exercise habits. The data analysis method uses multiple linear regression analysis.
Results: Wicker craftsmen who had high job stress had an average Musculoskeletal Disorders score 0.19 units higher than those with low job stress (b = 0.19, 95% CI = -3.79 to 4.17, p=0.925). Wicker craftsmen aged 40 years and over on average had a Musculoskeletal Disorders score 9.44 units higher than those aged less than 40 years (b = 9.44, 95% CI = 4.70 to 14.18, p<0.001). Wicker craftsmen who have worked for 5 years or more on average have a Musculoskeletal Disorders score 3.34 units higher than those who have worked for less than 5 years (b = 3.34, 95% CI = -2.77 to 9.44, p=0.282). Wicker craftsmen who have a work duration of 5 hours/day and above on average have a Musculoskeletal Disorders score 7.12 units higher than those with a work duration of less than 5 hours/day (b = 7.12, 95% CI = 3.09 to 11.15, p=0.001).
Conclusion: Age ≥40 years, work duration ≥5 hours, high work stress and work period ≥5 years increase the risk of MSDs in bamboo woven craftsmen. The habit of exercising ≥30 minutes/day reduces the risk of MSDs in bamboo weaving craftsmen.
Keyword: Musculoskeletal Disorder, Work Duration, Years of Work, Age, exercise habits, woven craftsme
Relationships between Family Support, Gender, and Education on Quality of Life in Elderly in Jambi: Multi-Level Analysis
Full text linkBackground: The elderly pain rate in 2021 is 22.48%, this shows that around one in five elderly people in Indonesia have experienced illness in the past month. 3 factors affect predisposing factors, including knowledge and attitudes, supporting factors, and reinforcing factors. This study aims to determine the relationship between family support, gender, and education to the quality of life of the elderly in Jambi.Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Jambi, Indonesia, from March to April 2024. A total of 200 elderly participants were selected using fixed disease sampling. The independent variables were gender, education, family support, and Integrated Health Posts for the elderly. The dependent variable is quality of life. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression.Results: Quality of life in old age improved with strong family support (b= 0.46; 95% CI= 0.19 to 0.74; p = 0.001) and ≥high school education (b=4.99; 95%CI = 2.89 to 7.09; p <0.0010). The quality of life of the elderly decreased or decreased in women compared to men (b= 2.94; 95% CI= -5.22 to -0.66; p= 0.011). There was a strong contextual influence of Integrated Health Posts for the elderly on the quality of life of the elderly (ICC= 31.15%).Conclusion: The quality of life of the elderly improves with strong family support and ≥high school education. The quality of life of the elderly decreases or is lower in women than men. There is a strong contextual influence of Integrated Health Posts for the elderly on the quality of life of the elderly
Utilization of Adequately Iodized Salt and its Barriers Among Sub-Urban Households of Chengalpattu District- Tamil Nadu
Full text linkBackground: Iodine is a crucial nutrient humans need for healthy mental and physical development. Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) continues to pose a real threat to public health across several nations, including India. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of the use of adequately iodized salt and to determine the barriers to the use of adequately iodized salt among suburban households.Subjects and Method: A Community-based cross-sectional study was done among 250 sub-urban households using a multistage sampling technique in Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu. The study was carried out between the period of July to November 2023. Data was collected by both standardized and pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires. The iodine content of salt was assessed by an MBI spot testing kit. The dependent variable was adequately iodized salt and the independent variable was sociodemographic details and variables related to the utilization of iodized salt. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.Results: The prevalence of utilization of adequately iodized salt was 76.8 % and barriers to the use of adequately iodized salt among sub-urban households were, using a wet spoon/hand to take salt from the container, container of the salt kept open / both ways, storing salt in the steel container and storing in the original salt pocket itself.Conclusion: Specific education regarding proper storage, handling, duration, and the importance of iodized salt needs to be implemented to increase community awareness and to focus on behavior change communication to bring a positive attitude toward the utilization of iodized salt
Factors Associated with Poorer Post-Abortion Care Quality at Ouidah-Kpomassè-Tori Bossito District Hospital in Benin, 2022
Full text linkBackground: Managing abortion-related complications remains a health concern despite the insertion of postabortion care into Benin's family health service guidelines and protocols, not with standing that abortion up to 12 weeks of pregnancy has been legalized in Benin. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with poor quality of postabortion care in the Ouidah-Kpomassè-Tori-Bossito district hospital in 2022.
Subjects dan Method: This was a cross-sectional, analytical study carried out from March 21 to April 8, 2022. Records of all patients admitted for abortion at Ouidah-Kpomassè-Tori-Bossito district hospital from January 1, 2021, to April 8, 2022, were reviewed, as well as the providers involved in postabortion care and administrative staff, chosen through a reasoned choice. The dependent variable was the quality of postabortion care, defined by the six components: interview, physical examination, complementary examination, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up; according to the Benin postabortion care guidelines. Independent variables were provider features, patient features, and abortion features. Information collected through literature review and questionnaire survey was analyzed using STATA 15 software. Associated factors were then identified by bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression at 5% threshold.
Results: A total of 130 records of women admitted for abortion were evaluated. The mean age was (Mean= 27.56; SD= 7.33). Postabortion care was poor in 39.23% and good in 60.77% of the patients. Factors associated with this poor quality of postabortion care were religion (p= 0.021), abortion history (p= 0.012), miscarriage history (p= 0.026) and abortion type (p= 0.007).
Conclusion: Addressing these factors will help ensure a better quality of postabortion care in order to support legalized abortion and significantly reduce maternal mortality related to abortion in Benin.
Keywords: postabortion care, associated factors, Benin
Correspondence: Mongbo Virginie. Department of Policies and Health Systems, Regional Institute of Public Health of Ouidah, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 00229 95403790
Meta-Analysis: The Effect of Vaccination on the COVID-19 Infection
Full text linkBackground: The Indonesian government has determined that COVID-19 is a public health emergency and a non-natural national disaster that requires multi-strategy management. Strategies such as implementing health protocols and vaccination efforts to break the chain of transmission of COVID-19 must continue to be carried out massively. This study aims to analyze the effect of vaccination on COVID-19 infection.Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis, with PICO as follows Population= population aged ≥18 years. Intervention= Vaccination. Comparison= Not vaccinated. Outcome= COVID-19 infection. The articles used in this study were obtained from several databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. These articles were collected over 2 months. The keywords to search for articles are as follows “Vaccine OR Vaccination AND (Infection OR Trans-mission) AND COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2”. The articles included in this study were full-text articles with a retrospective or prospective cohort study design. Articles are collected using PRISMA flow diagrams. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: A total of 10 articles reviewed in this meta-analysis study originating from England, Spain, France showed that COVID-19 vaccination is effective in reducing the risk of COVID-19 infection. People who were given the COVID-19 vaccine had a 0.22 times risk of being infected compared to those who were not vaccinated, and the reduced risk was statistically significant (aHR= 0.22; 95% CI= 0.13 to 0.36; p <0.001).Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccination is effective in reducing the risk of COVID-19 infection.
Keywords: vaccination, infection, COVID-19, SARS-COV-2
Correspondence:Farida Nurhayati. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285642154353