Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (JEPH)
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Effects of Sexual Behavior, Family Support, Peer Support, Stigma, and Discrimination on Quality of Life Among Gay Community in Tulungagung, East Java
Get PDFBackground: Stigma and discrimination that are experienced by gay community have long been documented to occur in Indonesia, including Tulungagung District, East Java. Gay community often experience stigma, discrimination, and rejection by the society and health personnel. Stigma and discrimination may worsen the quality of life among gay community. This study aimed to examine the effects of sexual behavior, family support, family income, peer support, stigma, and discrimination on quality of life among gay community in Tulungagung, East Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with cross-sectional design. The study was conducted in Pelangi Gay Community, Tulungagung District, from October to November, 2017. A total sample of 181 gays was selected by stratified random sampling. The exogenous variables were sexual behavior, family income, peer support, stigma, and discrimination. The endogenous variables were family support and quality of life. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: Better quality of life was positively affected by safe sexual behavior (b= 1.32; 95% CI= 0.18 to 2.46; p= 0.023) and strong family support (b= 1.47; 95% CI= 0.42 to 2.51; p= 0.006). Strong family support was positively affected by family income (b= 1.62; 95% CI= 0.97 to 2.27; p= 0.001). Better quality of life was positively affected by participation in peer support program (b= 2.84; 95% CI= 1.77 to 3.91; p= 0.001), freedom of stigma (b= 1.11; 95% CI= -0.04 to 2.26; p= 0.060), and freedom of discrimination (b= 1.43; 95% CI= 0.37 to 2.48; p= 0.008).Conclusion: Safe sexual behavior and strong family support have direct positive effect on the quality of life among gay community. Stigma and discrimination have indirect effect on lower quality of life among gay community.Keyword: quality of life, sexual behavior, family support, stigma, discrimination, gayCorrespondence: Dily Ekasari. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected] of Epidemiology and Public Health (2018), 3(1): 50-59https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.01.04
Effect of Dementia, Family Support, Peer Support, Type of Residence, and Marital Status on Quality of Life of the Elderly in Surakarta, Central Java
Get PDFBackground: The aging population is increasing in Indonesia and worldwide. Indonesia is one of the countries that has high aging population structure. As such, the quality of life of the elderly is of major concern. This study aimed to determine the effect of dementia, family support, peer support, type of residence, and marital status on quality of life of the elderly in Surakarta, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytical observational study with cross-sectional design. A total sample of 218 elderly people in Surakarta, Central Java, was selected for this study by fixed exposure sampling, with 1:3 ratio consisting of 50 elderly people living in Dharma Bakti nursing home and 168 elderly people living with their families in the community. The dependent variable was health-related quality of life. The independent variables were dementia, family support, peer support, type of residence, and marital status. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: Better quality of life of the elderly was directly increased by strong peer support (b= 0.25, p<0.001), strong family support (b= 0.59, p= 0.002), mild dementia (b= 1.79, p<0.001), and being married (b= 12.73, p= 0.039). Better quality of life was also increased indirectly by strong peer support (b= 0.67, p= 0.012) and living with families (b= 22.93, p<0.001), through family support.Conclusion: Better quality of life of the elderly is directly increased by strong peer support, strong family support, mild dementia, and being married. It is indirectly increase by strong peer support and living with families.Keyword: quality of life, dementia, family support, peer support, elderlyCorrespondence: Sri Suwarni. School of Health Polytechnics, Ministry of Health, Surakarta. Email: [email protected] of Epidemiologi and Public Health (2018), 3(1): 83-94https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.01.07
Path Analysis on the Psychosocial Impact of Obesity or Overweight in Adolescents in Surakarta, Central Java
Get PDFBackground: Worldwide obesity shares 33 percent of adolescents body mass index. The prevalence of obesity has increased threefold since 1980. In Indonesia there are 10.8 percent of children aged 13-15 years who are obese. Obesity and overweight can cause various chronic diseases. Another important impact is psychosocial. Correct intervention and early prevention can reduce the psychosocial impact. This study aimed to determine the psychosocial impact of obesity or overweight on adolescents. Subjects and method: This was an analytic observational study with cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at 6 junior high schools in Banjarsari and Jebres, Surakarta, Central Java, from October to November, 2017. A total sample of 160 junior high school students were selected for this study by purposive sampling. The dependent variables were depression, self-assessment, body image, eating disorder, and quality of life. The independent variables were obesity or overweight. Body mass index (BMI) was measured by body weight scale and microtoise. Data of other study variables were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: Obesity or overweight was directly associated with depression (b= 1.04; 95% CI= 0.32 to 1.77; p= 0.005) and bad body image (b= -2.35; 95% CI= -3.20 to 1.49; p< 0.001). Depression was directly associated with eating disorder (b= 0.55; CI 95%= -0.87 to 1.18; p=0.091) and poorer quality of life (b= -0.64; 95% CI= -1.34 to 0.69; p= 0.077). Good body image was directly asssociated with positive self-assessment (b= 2.71; 95% CI= 1.89 to 3.52; p<0.001).Conclusion: Obesity or overweight in adolescents is directly asssociated with depression and bad body image. Obesity or overweight is indirectly associated with negative self-assessment, eating disorder, and poorer quality of life.Keyword: overweight, obesity, psychosocial, path analysisCorrespondence: Yayang Kharistik Almasith. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6281229474445Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2018), 3(2): 105-117https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.02.01
Multilevel Analysis: Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity in Primary School Children in Surakarta, Central Java
Get PDFBackground: Life course studies have shown that early onset obesity is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality later in life. In both sexes, rates of diabetes, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, hip fracture, and gout were increased in those who were overweight as adolescents. Contextual factor at higher level such as school may have indirect effect on the incidence of overweight or obesity through eating behavior. However, studies into factors affecting child obesity in Indonesia using multilevel approach are lacking. This study aimed to examine factors associated with overweight and obesity in primary school children in Surakarta, Central Java, using multilevel analysis.Subjects and Method: A case control study was conducted at 25 primary schools in Surakarta, Central Java, from March to April 2018. A sample of 225 primary school children was selected by fixed disease sampling, consisting of 75 children with overweight or obesity and 150 children with normal weight. The variables of children were placed at the first level of the multilevel model. The potential contextual effect of school was determined at the second level. The dependent variable was overweight or obesity. The independent variables were maternal education, maternal body mass index (BMI), physical activity, family income, and school environment. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multilevel logistic regression run on Stata 13.Results: Child overweight or obesity was positively associated with maternal BMI ?25 (b= 0.11; 95% CI= 0.04 to 0.18; p= 0.002) and high family income (b= 0.04; 95% CI= 0.02 to 0.06; p< 0.001). Child overweight or obesity was negatively associated with high physical activity (b= -0.03; 95% CI= -0.05 to -0.01; p= 0.009). School environment had a negligible contextual effect on child obesity with ICC= 5.08%.Conclusion: Child obesity is positively associated with maternal BMI ?25 and family income, and is negatively associated with physical activity. School environment has a negligible contextual effect on child obesity.Keywords: obesity, primary school children, maternal body mass index, physical activityCorrespondence
Factors Associated with the Occurrence of Osteoarthritis: A Path Analysis Evidence from Surakarta, Central Java
Get PDFBackground: Musculoskeletal conditions are an important public health problem. The population burden from arthritis is considerable. The implications of this burden are poor quality of life, restrictions in daily activities, and disability. This study aimed to analyze factors associated with the occurrence of osteoarthritis in Surakarta, Central Java, using a path analysis model.Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java, in June 2018. A sample of 200 patients was selected by fixed disease sampling, consisting of 50 knee OA patients and 150 patients without knee OA. The dependent variable was knee OA. The dependent variables were age, gender, body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus, history of injury, and physical activity. Data on knee OA, BMI, and diabetes mellitus status were obtained from medical record. The other variables were measured by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: The risk of OA increased with diabetes mellitus (b=1.04; 95% CI= 0.17 to 1.92; p=0.020), older age (b= 4.03; 95% CI= 1.97 to 6.09; p<0.001), and BMI ?25 (b= 1.28; 95% CI= 0.39 to 2.17; p= 0.005). The risk of OA decreased with history of knee injury (b= -0.90; 95% CI= 0.57 to 1.74; p= 0.003) and female (b= -1.19; 95% CI= -2.06 to -0.31; p=0.008). The risk of OA was indirectly affected by physical activity, female gender, and BMI.Conclusion: The risk of OA increases with diabetes mellitus, older age, and BMI ?25, but decreases with history of knee injury and female gender.The risk of OA is indirectly affected by physical activity, female gender, and BMI.Keywords: knee osteoarthritis, sociodemographic factor, diabetes mellitus, path analysisCorrespondence:Mei Kusumaningtyas. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile : +6285725646444Epidemiology and Public Health (2019), 4(1): 9-19https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2019.04.01.0
Does Circadian Rhythm and Environment Factor Affect the Risk of Breast Cancer? A New Evidence from Kediri, East Java
Get PDFEffect of Boiled Carica Papaya Leaf on Death of Aedes Aegypti Larvae
Get PDFBackground: In its life cycle Aedes aegypti larvae develop to become mosquito. Then the masquito develops to become vector of dengue haemorrhagic fever transmission. The life cycle of Aedes aegypti vector can be interrupted by killing Aedes aegypti larvae. The killing of Aedes aegypti larvae has been undertaken by fogging or abate powder administration. However, these methods can cause environmental pollution. Carica papaya leaf has long been recognized to have the potential to become an effective and safe larvacide since it contains papain enzyme. The effect of papain protease can kill Aedes aegypti larvae. This study aimed to determine the effect of boiled Carica papaya leaf on death of Aedes aegypti larvae.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic experimental study using randomized control trial design. The study was conducted in Curup Tengah village, Bengkulu Province. Study sample included 36 water containers containing Aedes aegypti larvae. These containers were divided into 2 groups: papain enzyme group and no papain enzyme (control) group. The data on the percentage of killed Aedes aegypti larvae were then compared and tested by Chi Square test. The effect of Carica papaya leaf was indicated by Odds Ratio.Results: Boiled Carica papaya leaf had an effect on the death of Aedes aegypti larvae. Carica papaya leaf that was administered on the larvae increased the risk of death among Aedes aegypti larvae four times as many (OR= 4.10; p= 0.043). Conslusion: Carica papaya leaf is effective to increase the risk of death among Aedes aegypti larvae.Keyword : Carica papaya leaf, Aedes aegypti larvae.Correspondence: Rustam Aji. Study Program in Nursing, Curup School of Health Polytechnics, Bengkulu. Email: [email protected] of Epidemiology and Public Health (2017), 2(3): 236-240https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2017.02.03.0
Path Analysis on the Biopsychosocial Determinants of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Depression at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta
Get PDFBackground: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a a major disease that is threatening global population health. This disease ranks third by global public health priority. The incidence of type 2 DM in 2014 was 442 million patients worldwide. Indonesia is one of 10 countries with high DM incidence. The incidence of type 2 DM in Indonesia in 2014 was 10 million patients. This study aimed to examine the biopsychosocial determinants of type 2 Diabetes Melitus and depression at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, using path analysis.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic and observational study with case control design. The study was conducted at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, from August to October, 2017. Sample consisting of 100 patients type 2 DM and 100 non DM patients were selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was type 2 DM. The independent variables were body age, mass index, education level, occupation, stres, family income, comorbidity, activity, and family history of type 2 DM. The data were collected using medical record and questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: The risk of type 2 DM increased with higher body mass index (b= 2.66; 95% CI= 1.41 to 3.91; p<0.001), higher income (b=-0.93; 95% CI= -1.90 to 0.045; p=0.062), older age (b= 2.88; 95% CI= 0.62 to 5.15; p= 0.013), presence of DM family history (b= 2.56; 95% CI= 1.45 to 3.68; p <0.001), and comorbidity (b= 3.25; 95% CI= 2.07 to 4.43; p<0.001). The risk of depression increased by type 2 DM (b= 1.032; 95% CI= 0.42 to 1.63; p= 0.001). Body mass index increased with higher physical activity (b= -1.41; 95% CI= -2.03 to -0.79; p<0.001). Income increased with high education level (b= 2.58; 95% CI= 1.83 to 3.33; p<0.001). High physical activity increased with occupation (b=0.96; 95% CI= 0.38 to 1.53;p= 0.001).Conclusion: The risk of type 2 DM increased with higher body mass index, higher income, older age, presence of DM family history, and comorbidity.Keyword: biopsychosocial determinants, type 2 DM, depressionCorrespondence: Esty Budiarti. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email:[email protected] of Epidemiology and Public Health (2018), 3(1): 1-14https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.01.01
Factors Associated with Women’s Decision to Become Commercial Sex Workers in Banjarsari, Surakarta, Central Java
Get PDFBackground: In Indonesia, the number of new HIV cases in 2016 was 41.250, and AIDS cases was 7,491. HIV infection predominantly (67.6%) occur heterosexually. In Central Java, the number of Di Indonesia, new HIV cases in 2016 was 4.032, and AIDS cases was 1.402. Surakarta City has the second highest cases of HIV in Central Java after Semarang District with 38 HIV cases and 46 AIDS cases in September 2017. This study aimed to analyze factors associated with women’s decision to become commercial sex workers in Banjarsari.Subjects and Method: This was an analytical observational study with case control design. The study was conducted in Banjarsari, Surakarta, Central Java. A total sample of 200 study subjects consisting of 100 female commercial sex workers and 100 non sex workers. The dependent variable was women’s decision to become commercial sex worker. The independent variables were knowledge of sexually-transmitted disease, family income, pro-commercial sex worker family support, snobbish life style, and access to whore house. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by multiple logistic regression.Results: Women’s decision to become commercial sex worker was negatively associated with good knowledge of sexually-transmitted disease (OR= 0.03; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.18; p<0.001), high family income (OR= 0.01; 95% CI<0.01 to 0.05; p<0.001). Women’s decision to become commercial sex worker was positively associated with strong pro-commercial sex worker family support (OR=8.15; 95% CI= 2.63 to 25.23; p<0.001), snobbish life style (OR= 6.20; 95% CI= 1.81 to 21.24; p= 0.004), and access to whore house (OR= 8.52; 95% CI=2.49 to 29.17; p= 0.001).Conclusion: Women’s decision to become commercial sex worker has negative association with good knowledge of sexually-transmitted disease, high family income. Women’s decision to become commercial sex worker has positive association with strong pro-commercial sex worker family support, life style, and access to whore house.Keyword: Women’s decision, commercial sex worker, knowledge, family income, family support, life style, access to whore houseCorrespondence: Syefira Ayudia Johar. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6282136422448.Journal of Epidemiology and Publich Health (2018), 3(1): 72-82https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.01.06
Multilevel Analysis on the Socio-Cultural, Lifestyle Factors, and School Environment on the Risk of Overweight in Adolescents, Karanganyar District, Central Java
No full textBackground: Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) data in 2013 showed that the prevalence of overweight among adolescents aged 13-15 years was 10.8%. Karanganyar district is ranked fourth by the number of overweight adolescents cases in Central Java with prevalence of 8.2%. This study aimed to determine the asssociation between socio-cultural, lifestyle factors, and school environment on the risk of overweight in adolescents, Karanganyar District, Central Java, using social cognitive theory (SCT), PRECEDE-PROCEED model, and multilevel analysis.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at 25 junior high schools in Karanganyar district, Central Java, in December 2017. A sample of 200 junior high school students were selected for this study by stratified sampling and fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was overweight. The independent variables were nutritional intake, snacking habits, physical activity, self efficacy, paternal BMI, maternal BMI, peer group influence, and school environment. Body weight data was measured by digital scale. Contextual effect of school environment was measured by the number of snack sellers at school. Other data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by multilevel analysis.Results: High nutritional intake (b= 1.56, SE = 0.73, p= 0.032), high snacking habits (b= 1.27, SE = 0.70; p= 0.069), paternal BMI ≥23 (b= 1.60; SE= 0.79; p= 0.042 ), maternal BMI ≥23 (b= 2.29; SE = 0.76; p = 0.002), parent income ≥minimum regional wage (b= 2.17; SE= 0.76; p= 0.004), and strong peer group influence (b= 2.22; SE = 0.65; p= 0.001) increased the risk of overweight in adolescents. High self-efficacy (b= -3.61, SE= 0.75, p <0.001) and high physical activity (b= -2.92; SE= 0.80; p <0.001) decreased the risk of overweight in adolescents. Intraclass correlation= 9.92% indicating considerable contextual effect of school environment.Conclusion: Nutritional intake, snack habits, paternal BMI, maternal BMI, family income, and peer influence increase the risk of overweight in adolescent. Self-efficacy and high physical activity decrease the risk of overweight in adolescent. School environment has a considerable contextual effect on overweight in adolescents.Keyword: overweight, social cultural factor, adolescents, school environmentCorrespondence: Aris Widiyanto. School of Health Sciences Mambaul Ulum, Jl. Ring Road Utara, Tawangsari, Mojosongo, Jebres, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 081329209095.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2018), 3(1): 94-104https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.01.0