Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (JEPH)
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Population Behavior and Practices during the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic in Low Resource-Conditions of South Kivu, East of Democratic Republic of Congo
Get PDFBackground: In DR Congo, South Kivu is among the cities most affected by COVID-19 with its dense population and common mass movement. This study aimed to investigate the population behavior and practices during the spread period of Corona in South Kivu, East of the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Subjects dan Method: A cross-sectional analytical study was undertaken in South Kivu province and included 800 hundred individuals. The survey questionnaire was designed and comprised information on independent variables including socio-demographic and socioeconomic parameters, travel history of individuals, and person's history of COVID-19 comorbidity factors. These data were used to explain the dependent variable which was the population behavior and practices which was linked to the COVID-19 positivity or negativity. A rapid test of the COVID-19 antigen for people suspected of having cough and fever followed by RT-PCR tests was conducted. Statistical analyses were performed under R, version 3.5.1.
Results: Results indicate three categories of people depending on their behavior and practices during the COVID-19. These include the negative group, those who contracted the disease and knew their serological status, and those who did not know their serological status. The behavior of these categories varied with age, education level, income, and their geographical location. Variable behaviors have been adopted, including lack of action, prayer, self-medication, lifestyle change, and change in feeding. Efforts to control the spread of the disease entailed two most commonly used barriers: wearing a mask (95%) and frequent hand washing (94%). In the COVID-19 infected category, type 1 individuals developed the most characteristic symptoms of COVID-19, mainly cough, asthenia, fever, and headache. Types 2 and 3 individuals were less likely to engage in any of the behaviors associated with COVID-19 because they have fewer comorbidities and have developed fewer of the symptoms characteristic of COVID-19.
Conclusion: Education level and socioeconomic conditions are among the factors to be considered in pandemic control strategies.
Keywords: Typology, SARS, comorbidity, population believe.
Correspondence: Ayagirwe Rodrigue Basengere. Bioscience unit, Université Evangélique en Afrique. Bukavu, PO Box 3323, Democratic Republic of Congo. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +243979318796
The Effect of Maternal Anemia on Low Birth Weight: Meta Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Low birth weight is still a global public health problem that is associated with a number of risks. One of the factors that influence the occurrence of LBW is anemia. This study was aimed to estimate the risk of anemia in pregnant women to the incidence of LBW in several countries.Subjects and Method: This study is a meta-analysis with PICO, Population: pregnant women. Intervention: maternal anemia. Comparison: no maternal anemia. Result: LBW. The articles used in this study were obtained from three databases namely Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Science Direct with a cohort study design from 2015 to 2022 that reported Adjusted Odds Odds Ratio in its multivariate analysis. The selection of articles was carried out using the PRISMA flow chart. Analysis of articles using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: A total of 9 cohort studies involving 75,807 pregnant women from Taiwan, China, Japan, India, Bangladesh, Iran, and Colombia were selected for systematic review and meta-analysis. The data collected showed that pregnant women who were anemic during pregnancy had a 1.3 times higher risk of giving birth to babies with low birth weight than non-anemic mothers, but this result was not statistically significant (aOR= 1.30; 95% CI= 0.89 to 1.88; p= 0.170). With an intuitive index of 84%, so the effect between the studies is heterogeneous.Conclusion: Mothers who experience anemia during pregnancy have a risk of giving birth to babies with low birth weight.
Keywords: anemia, pregnancy, low birth weight
Correspondence:Fahmi Adhimukti. Study Program of Midwifery, Diploma IV, Health Polytechnics, Ministry of Health Surakarta. Jl. Tata Bumi 3, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 085743155133
Meta-Analysis: Effect of Oral Contraceptives on Breast Cancer
Get PDFBackground: Breast cancer is a disease characterized by abnormal cell growth in the breast. Until now, breast cancer is a life-threatening disease in women and is the main cause of death among the female population. Oral contraceptives or pills are one of the risk factors for women developing breast cancer. This study aims to determine the effect of oral contraceptives on the incidence of breast cancer.Subjects and Method: This research is a meta-analytical study and a systematic review. The articles used were obtained from several electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect. The keywords to search for articles were as follows: Determinant OR risk factor AND breast cancer AND hormonal contraceptive OR oral contraceptive AND case control study. The article under study is a full text article with an observational study design. Articles were collected using the PRISMA diagram, and analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: A total of 9 case control studies involving 6,811 women with breast cancer from several countries in Asia, Africa, and North America were selected for meta-analysis and systematic review. The data collected showed that women who used oral contraceptives had a risk of developing breast cancer as much as 1.82 times than those who did not use oral contraceptives (aOR= 1.82; 95% CI= 1.43 to 2.33; p<0.001).Conclusion: Use of oral contraceptives increases the risk of developing breast cancer.
Keywords: oral contraceptives, breast cancer.
Correspondence:Siti Nur Hanifah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 085204219736
Meta-Analysis: Depression as A Risk Factor for Dementia
Get PDFBackground: Depression is a mental disorder which if not treated can cause other diseases, including the individual's physical condition. One of the risks that occur due to recurrent depression is dementia. Dementia can reduce a person's ability to survive due to decreased brain function. This study was aimed to determine the effect of depression (depression) as a risk factor for dementia (dementia).Subjects and Method: This study was a meta-analysis, with a PICO covering Population= people with dementia. Intervention= depression. Comparison= without depression. Outcome= the risk of dementia. Research data was searched from several sources including: PubMed, Google Scholar, Springer Link, and Science Direct from 2011 until 2021 with the following keywords "dementia" AND "depression" OR "risk of dementia" AND “Hazard Ratio” AND "multivariate". The inclusion criteria used were full papers using English with a cohort study design from 2011-2021 by reporting the Adjusted Hazard Ratio (aHR) value. The selection of articles was carried out using the PRISMA flow diagram. Data processing using Review Manager software version 5.3 to determine the risk of depression variables on dementia.Results: A total of 11 cohort studies were selected for a systematic review and meta-analysis. The data collected showed that depression can increase patients of dementia 1.38 times compared to without depression (aHR= 1.38; 95% CI= 1.38 to 1.70; p=0.003).Conclusion: Depression increases the risk of developing dementia.
Keywords: depression, dementia, risk factor.
Correspondence:Hesthi Krisnawati. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 Kentingan, Jebres, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile +628527-806784
Effect of ACE Inhibitor Therapy on Mortality in COVID-19 Patients with Hypertension: Meta-Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Acute respiratory syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can trigger the occurrence of respiratory infectious disease Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Patients who have comorbid health problems such as hypertension, chronic liver, cardiovascular and diabetes mellitus are more likely to experience deterioration and death. ACE inhibitor therapy in patients with hypertension has a therapeutic effect in lowering blood pressure and is able to reduce mortality rates in COVID-19 patients, but the benefits of ACE inhibitors in patients with COVID-19 are still uncertain. This study aims to determine how much influence ACE inhibitors have on COVID-19 patients with hypertension on mortality rates.Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis with the following PICO, population: COVID-19 patients with hypertension. Intervention: administration of ACE inhibitor therapy. Comparison: therapy other than ACE inhibitors. Outcome: mortality. The articles used in this study were obtained from several online databases, including Science Direct, PubMed and Google Scholar. The keywords used in the article search were: “ACE inhibitor” AND “COVID-19” AND “Hypertension” AND “mortality”. The articles included are full-text English with a cohort study design from 2020 to 2021 and report the odds ratio in multivariate analysis. The selection of articles was carried out using the PRISMA flow chart. The articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.4. application.Results: A total of 4 cohort studies involving 4,998 COVID-19 patients from America, China and Italy were selected for systematic review and meta-analysis. The data collected yielded information that COVID-19 patients with hypertension who were given ACE inhibitors reduced the risk of mortality 0.67 times compared to COVID-19 patients with hypertension who were not treated with ACE inhibitors (aOR= 0.67; 95% CI= 0.36 to 1.26; p= 0.210).Conclusion: ACE inhibitors can reduce the risk of mortality in COVID-19 patients with hypertension.
Keywords: COVID-19, hypertension, ACE inhibitors, mortality.
Correspondence:Dwi Trisnawati Zainal. Social Security Administrator for Health, Madiun, East Java. Jl. Timor 6 Madiun, East Java, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 081331282009
Urine Test Accuracy of Lipoarabinomannan in Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Adults: Meta-Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt) requires non-sputum-based screening that can identify it with high sensitivity and specificity. Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is a diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB) in samples such as urine, both by complex laboratory-based testing and in simple treatment tools. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of the Lipoarabinomannan urine test in diagnosing TB in adults.
Subjects and Method: This study is a meta-analysis study with PICO covering, population= adult age with suspected tuberculosis (TB). Intervention= lipoarabinomannan urine test. Comparison: no lipoarabinomannan urine test was performed. Outcome: sensitivity and specificity. Using the PRISMA flowchart guidelines. The articles used were conducted between 2012-2021 from the PubMed, Google Scholar, MedLine, and Science Direct databases. The keywords used in the article search were “Lipoarabinomannan” AND “LAM” OR “Adult” AND “Patient” OR “Diagnosis” OR “Pulmonary tuberculosis”. Based on the database, there were 9 articles that matched the inclusion criteria. Data analysis using the RevMan 5.3 application.
Results: A total of 9 cohort studies with a total of 3,069 patients from South Africa (Cape Town, KwaZulu-Natal, Zimbabwe), East Africa (Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia), West Africa (Ghana) and South America (Peru) were selected for the study. systematic review and meta-analysis. A meta-analysis of 9 cohort studies showed that the lipoarabinomannan urine test had 2.89 times the accuracy or sensitivity in diagnosing TB compared to no lipoarabinomannan urine test (aOR= 2.89; 95% CI= 2.30 to 3.63; p= 0.160), but was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: The lipoarabinomannan urine test improves accuracy in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis in adults but is not statistically significant.
Keywords: lipoarabinomannan, LAM, adult, patient, diagnosis, pulmonary tuberculosis.
Correspondence: Jihan Nafisah Fauziy. Masters Program in Public Health. Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 082135798209
Meta-Analysis: Obesity, Smoking, and Alcohol Consumption as risk Factors of Breast Cancer
Get PDFBackground: Breast cancer is a type of cancer that is the main cause of death in women. Breast cancer is classified as a non-communicable disease that requires a long time for the development of cancer cells in the patient's body with various risk factors that are multifactorial. Several incidences of breast cancer are often associated with risk factors for an unhealthy lifestyle, including frequent consumption of fast food, less consumption of fruits and vegetables, lack of exercise, alcohol consumption, etc. This study aims to analyze the effect of obesity, smoking, and alcohol consumption on the risk of breast cancer in women.Subjects and Method: This study used a systematic review of meta-analysis. Data search was carried out using electronic databases consisting of: PubMed, Science Direct, Europe PMC and Google Scholar with the search keywords used were "obesity" OR "BMI" AND "smoking" OR "smoking habit" AND " alcohol” OR “alcohol consumption” OR “alcohol intake” AND “breast cancer”. Inclusion criteria were full text articles in English with case control studies collected using PRISMA guidelines, and analyzed using the Review Manager application (RevMan 5.3).Results: A meta-analysis of 9 case-control study articles originating from Europe, North America, South America, Africa, and Asia showed women with obesity had a 3.53-fold increased risk of breast cancer compared with women of normal weight (aOR= 3.53; 95%CI= 2.70 to 4.62; p<0.001). A meta-analysis of 6 case-control study articles from Europe, North America, and, Asia showed that women who smoke have a 2.62 times higher risk of breast cancer compared to women who did not smoke (aOR= 2.62; 95%CI= 1.98 to 3.46; p<0.001). A meta-analysis of 7 case-control study articles originating from the continents of Africa, North America, South America, and, Europe showed that women who consume alcohol have a 3.62 times higher risk to have breast cancer compared to women who did not consume alcohol (aOR= 3.62; 95%CI= 2.31 to 5.69; p<0.001).Conclusion: Obesity, smoking and alcohol consumption are risk factors for breast cancer.
Keywords: obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, breast cancer
Correspondence:Yuliana Yuvrista. Diploma IV of Midwifery, Universitas Ngudi Waluyo. Jl. Diponegoro 186, Ungaran 50512, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 085333622880
The Effect of Acupuncture Therapy on Blood Oxygen Saturation in Patients with Blood Pressure Disorders and Coughs in Elderly Health Post, Surakarta
Get PDFBackground: One way to detect functional disorders of respiration, heart, blood vessels, and muscle oxidative mechanisms is to check blood gas saturation using a pulse oximeter, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Acupuncture is one of the management of health problems at the promotive level, preventing functional disorders of the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, and oxidative muscle rehabilitative which is used to improve health status, especially those who experience changes in blood gas saturation due to chronic cough, hypertension, hypotension, and muscle fatigue. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of acupuncture therapy on peripheral blood oxygen saturation (peripheral SpO2) in patients with a history of respiratory system disorders and blood pressure disorders, especially old age at the Surakarta Health Post.Subjects dan Method: The form of the research was pre-experimental (quasi-experimental), using two groups of pre-test and post-test purposive samples totaling 20 people. Dependent variable Oxygen saturation. The independent variable was acupuncture therapy. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon's test.Results: Peripheral blood oxygen saturation values were higher in the intervention group before the intervention (Mean= 83.00; SD= 11.59) than after the intervention (Mean= 82.00; SD= 7.53) and not statistically significant (p= 0.294).Conclusion: Acupuncture therapy reduces blood gas saturation values in patients with blood pressure and cough disorders.
Keywords: acupuncture therapy, peripheral blood gas saturation, pulse oximeter, history of cough, blood pressure disorders.
Correspondence:Listina Ade Widya Ningtyas. Poltekkes Kemenkes Surakarta. Jl. Letjend Sutoyo Mojosongo, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 08564730004
Meta-Analysis: Effects of Night Shift Work on Hypertension and Sleep Patterns in Factory Workers
Get PDFBackground: Night shift work has an impact on the health of factory workers. One of the impacts of night shift work is the risk of hypertension and disturbed sleep patterns. The purpose of this study was to determine how big the effect of night shift work on hypertension and sleep patterns in factory workers.Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis and systematic study with the population: factory workers. Intervention: night shift work. Comparation: morning and afternoon shift work. Outcome: hypertension and sleep patterns. The article search process was carried out according to the PRISM Flow Diagram and searched through several indexes such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Schoolar, and Springer Link with the search keywords “Night Shift” AND “Hypertension” AND “Sleep” AND “Worker”. The articles used are articles from 2013-2022 and are written in English.Results: A total of 11 articles originating from the Asian continent (China, Indonesia, South Korea, Malaysia, and Japan) were considered suitable for meta-analysis. From the results of data analysis that has been carried out, it is known that factory workers who work night shifts have a risk of experiencing hypertension (aOR= 3.43; 95% CI= 2.48 to 4.72; p<0.001), and disturbed sleep patterns (aOR= 3.63; 95% CI= 2.66 to 4.95; p<0.001) compared with morning and afternoon shift workers and the results were statistically significant.Conclusion: Night shifts can increase the risk of hypertension and sleep disturbances in factory workers.
Keywords: Night shift, hypertension, sleep pattern, factory worker
Correspondence:Amanda Kesli Ramadhani. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No.36, Kentingan, Jebres, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email. [email protected]. Mobile: 085692832776
Meta-Analysis the Impact of Social Restriction during COVID-19 Pandemic on Blood Glucose Control in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Get PDFBackground: The COVID-19 lockdown has an impact on the daily lives of people with type 1 diabetes, including restrictions on physical activity, changes in diet, difficulty contacting health care providers and concerns about drug supplies. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on blood sugar control in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients.Subjects and Method: This research is a meta-analysis study using PRISMA flowchart guidelines. The PICO model used is Population= type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. Intervention = COVID-19 lockdown. Comparison = before the COVID-19 lockdown. Outcome = HbA1c. The article search process was carried out between 2019 and 2022 using online databases from PubMed, Springer Link and Google Scholar. The keywords used in the article search were “Quarantine” OR “Quarantines” OR “Stay at Home Orders” OR “Health Lockdowns” OR “Self-Quarantine” OR “Self-Quarantine” AND “Diabetes Mellitus” OR “Diabetes Insipidus” OR “Diabetic” OR “Glucose Intolerance” AND “Glycemic Control” OR “Blood Glucose Control”. The inclusion criteria used in this study were full paper articles with cohort studies, using English or Indonesian, the intervention given was COVID-19 lockdown, and the outcome was blood glucose level (HbA1C) in diabetes mellitus patients.The analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.Results: A total of 11 articles reviewed in the meta-analysis showed that the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown decreased HbA1c levels by 0.23 compared to before the COVID-19 lockdown in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and was statistically significant (SMD= -0.23; 95% CI -0.29 to -0.18; p<0.001).Conclusion: COVID-19 lockdown reduces HbA1c levels compared to before COVID-19 lockdown in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients.
Keywords: COVID-19 lockdown, type 1 diabetes mellitus, HbA1c.
Correspondence:Yeocelin Mega Pratiwi. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jalan Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 082137652605