Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (JEPH)
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Relationship Between Smoking and Ischemic Stroke: Meta Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Ischemic stroke is a non-communicable disease that has irreversible and modifiable risk factors. One of the risk factors that can be changed in preventing ischemic stroke is smoking behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between smoking and the incidence of ischemic stroke from several previous studies.
Subjects and Method: This article was compiled with a systematic review and meta-analysis study. This study uses the PICO model as follows. Population= Patients at Risk of Ischemic Stroke, Intervention= Smoking, Comparison= Not Smoking, and Outcome= Ischemic Stroke Incidence. The articles used in this study were obtained from several databases including PubMed and ScienceDirect. This article was collected within 1 month. The keywords to search for articles were as follows: Current AND Smoking OR Tobacco OR Cigarettes AND Hypertension AND "Ischemic Stroke" OR CVA (Cerebrovascular Accident).
Results: Nine articles reviewed in this meta-analysis were from Lebanon, Mexico, Pakistan, Finland, Pakistan, United States of America, Saudi Arabia, Bangladesh, Iran. In this study, smokers had a 1.66 times risk of developing an ischemic stroke compared to nonsmokers and it was statistically significant (aOR= 1.66; 95%CI= 1.48 to 1.86; p< 0.001). People who smoked had a 1.66 times risk. experienced the incidence of isleemic stroke compared to non-smokers and was statistically significant (aOR= 1.66; 95%CI= 1.48 to 1.86; p< 0.001).
Conclusion: Smoking has a relationship with the occurrence of ischemic stroke in at-risk patients.
Keywords: smoking, hypertension, ischemic stroke.
Correspondence: Septyan Dwi Nugroho. Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 081804418933
Correlation between Overweight and Mental Health in Adolescents: A Meta Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Adolescence is a critical period in human life because of the various changes that occur during this stage of life. Overweight and obesity in adolescents is a major public health problem in all developing countries, in addition to affecting physical health, can have a negative impact on mental health. This study aims to analyze the primary study of the effect of being overweight and obese on mental health in adolescents with a meta-analysis. Subjects and Method: This study is a meta-analysis with the following PICO, Population: teenagers. Intervention: overweight and obese. Comparison: normal weight. Outcome: mental health. The articles used in this study were obtained from three databases, namely Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Science Direct. Keywords to search for articles [(adolescent OR teenager OR children) AND (“body mass index” OR BMI OR overweight OR obesity) AND (depression OR “depression symptom”) AND (anxiety OR “anxiety symptom”)]. The included articles are full text in English in 2010 to 2022 with cohort study design and report on aOR in multivariate analysis. The selection of articles is done by using PRISMA flow diagram. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: Nine studies were included in this study, six studies from the Americas, two studies from the European continent, and one study from the Australian continent. The data collected showed an increased risk for depression and anxiety in adolescents who were overweight and obese than adolescents who had normal weight. Obese adolescents had a higher risk of depression (aOR= 1.64; 95% CI= 1.42 to 1.90; p<0.001) than overweight adolescents (aOR= 1.09; 95% CI= 1.00 to 1.18; p= 0.050). Adolescents who were obese had a higher risk of anxiety (aOR= 1.27; 95% CI= 1.08 to 1.49; p= 0.003) than adolescents who were overweight (aOR= 1.10; 95% CI= 1.01 to 1.19; p= 0.020).Conclusion: Overweight and obesity can have an influence on the mental health of adolescents.
Keywords: adolescent, overweight, obese, depression, anxiety, meta-analysis.
Correspondence:Riski Anisa. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285749027212
A Retrospective Study One-Year Survey from COVID-19: Three Waves and Three Patterns in Italy
Get PDFBackground: Since December 2019 an unprecedented coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in Italy and in all the world, has been spreading. This study is a retrospective overview of Italian popul
Relationship of High Stress with Hypertension in Adults: Meta Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Hypertension is a condition that causes a person to experience a drastic increase in blood pressure. Hypertension is often referred to as the silent killer because it can damage target organs such as the brain, eyes, kidneys, heart and arteries. Based on the cause, the increase in blood pressure can occur due to essential or primary hypertension such as high stress. The aim of this study was to estimate the relationship between high stress and hypertension in adults, with a meta-analysis of the primary study conducted by the previous authors.
Subjects and Method: This study is a meta-analysis using the PICO ie, population: adults; Intervention: high stress; Comparison: low stress; Result: hypertension. The articles used in this study were obtained from two databases, namely Pubmed and Google scholar. The keywords in the article search were “adults” AND “high stress” AND “low stress” AND “hypertension” cross-sectional or “Stress” AND “hypertension”. The included article is in full English with a cross-sectional study design for 2014 to 2021 and reports the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) in a multivariate analysis. Article selection using PRISMA flow chart. Article analysis using the Review Manager 5.3 application.
Results: 10 articles with a cross sectional study involving 3,436 adults from 4 continents namely Asia, Europe, Africa and America to be used as a systematic review and meta-analysis. The data collected showed that high stress had a relationship with the occurrence of hypertension in adults as much as 1.66 times compared to adults with low stress (aOR=1.66; 95%CI= 1.28 to 2.17; p= 0.002).
Conclusion: High stress has a relationship with hypertension in adults.
Keywords: adults, high stress, hypertension
Correspondence: Siti Luluk Khamidahtun Ni’mah. District Health Office of Ponorogo. Jl. Basuki Rahmad, Ponorogo, East Java, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 08562563503
Risk Factors for Anxiety in Housewives during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Get PDFBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic has a psychological impact on society, namely anxiety. Factors that influence anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic are age, education level, occupation, and history of being diagnosed with COVID-19. This study aims to determine the risk factors for anxiety in housewives during the COVID-19 pandemic.Subjects dan Method: An observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted in South Purwokerto, Central Java. The sample is 70 housewives selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable is anxiety. independent variables were age, education, occupation, and COVID-19 infection. Anxiety was measured by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HRS-A) questionnaire. Other variables were collected by questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Chi-square.Results: Age 40 years (OR= 1.55; 95%CI= 0.76 to 3.14; p= 0.330), higher education level (OR= 1.96; 95%CI= 1.03 to 3.71; p= 0.070), informal occupation (OR= 1.24; 95%CI= 0.44 to 3.48; p= 1,000), and a history of COVID-19 infection (OR= 31.10; 95%CI= 4.44 to 217.91; p<0.001) increased anxiety among housewives.Conclusion: Age 40 years, higher education level, informal occupation, and history of COVID-19 infection increase anxiety among housewives during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Keywords: COVID-19, housewife, anxiety
Correspondence:Sifa Latif Khasana. Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman. Jl. Dr. Gumbreg 1, Mersi, Purwokerto Kidul, Purwokerto 53147, Banyumas, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 085826669720
Workplace Noise Pollution and It's Correlation with Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Noise is identified as one of the most widespread physical factors in occupational health and safety (OHS) and is a problem in all regions of the world. Noise can be pathogenic if there is continuous and repeated exposure causing a persistent upregulation of vascular autoregulation resulting in hypertension. Epidemiological studies report an association between occupational noise exposure and hypertension. This study aims to determine the effect of noise exposure in the workplace on hypertension.Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis with the following PICO, Population= workers, Intervention= occupational noise exposure ≥85 dBA, Comparison= occupational noise exposure <85 dBA, Outcome= hypertension. The meta-analysis was carried out using search articles from databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct, published from 2012 to 2022. The keywords used in the article search were “Occupational Noise Exposure” OR “Occupational Noise” AND “Hypertension” OR "High Blood Pressure" OR "Primary Hypertension" AND "Workers" AND "Cross-Sectional Study". The included studies were full-text articles published in English, reporting the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of the results of the multivariate analysis, and the study design was cross-sectional. The selection of articles was carried out using PRISMA flow-charts and analyzed using the Revie Manager 5.3 application.Results: A total of 10 cross-sectional studies were analyzed involving 12,437 workers covering Iran, Jordan, China, Indonesia, Tunisia, and Brazil. The results of the meta-analysis showed that workers exposed to noise 85 dBA had higher hypertension than workers exposed to noise <85 dBA (aOR= 1.96; 95% CI= 1.68 to 2.29; p< 0.001).Conclusion: Exposure to occupational noise ≥ 85 dBA increases hypertension compared to exposure to occupational noise <85 dBA.
Keywords: occupational noise, noise exposure, hypertension, meta-analysis
Correspondence:Muna Maimunah Salsabila. Masters’ Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285728565926
Complication on Premature Rupture of Membrane in Intrapartum Mother Infected with COVID-19: Meta-Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Pregnant women and fetuses are populations that are at high risk of being infected with the virus. COVID-19 in pregnant women is considered a risk factor for causing complications in pregnancy such as premature rupture of membranes. This study aims to analyze complications of premature rupture of membranes in mothers infected with COVID-19.Subjects and Method: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis. Article searches were conducted using electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct. The articles used are articles published from 2020-2022. Keywords to search for articles were: “COVID-19” OR “2019-nCoV” OR “novel coronavirus” OR “SARS-CoV-2” OR “coronavirus 2” AND “premature rupture of membrane” OR “prelabour rupture of membrane” AND “pregnancy.” The inclusion criteria used were full text articles in English with a cohort study design, multivariate analysis with Adjusted Odds Ratios (aOR), research subjects were pregnant women, intervention was COVID-19 infection, comparison was not infected with COVID-19 , the outcome of the study was premature rupture of membranes.The results of the search for articles were included in the PRISMA diagram and analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: A total of 9 cohort study articles from the United States, Bangladesh, China, India, Mexico, Romania, and Spain were selected for systematic review and meta-analysis. The results showed that pregnant women infected with COVID-19 had a risk of complications of premature rupture of membranes as much as 2.26 times compared to pregnant women who were not infected with COVID-19 and the results were statistically significant (aOR = 2.26; 95% CI = 1.33 to 3.82; p = 0.002).Conclusion: Pregnant women infected with COVID-19 increase the risk of premature rupture of membranes.
Keywords: COVID-19, pregnancy, premature rupture of membranes, meta-analysis
Correspondence:Hepti Widia Ningsih. Masters Program in Public Health Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir, Sutami 36A, Surakarta 51726, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile +6285729442615
Effect of Diabetes Mellitus Comorbidity on Mortality Risk in Tuberculosis Patients who Received Tuberculosis Treatment: A Meta-Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Tuberculosis or TB is a disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. There are several comorbidities that experience severity and death when infected with tuberculosis or TB, namely hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, cerebrovascular disease, and other diseases. This study aims to estimate the magnitude of the risk of death in Tuberculosis patients undergoing treatment with comorbid Diabetes Mellitus, with a meta-analysis of primary studies conducted by previous authors.Subjects and Method: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis with the following PICO, population: Tuberculosis patients. Intervention: comorbidities of chronic diabetes mellitus. Comparison: without comorbid diabetes mellitus. Outcome: death. The articles used in this study were obtained from three databases, namely Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Science Direct. Keywords to search for articles “Tuberclosis” OR TBC AND “Diabetes Mellitus” OR DM AND Mortality OR Death The included full-text articles are in English with a cohort study design from 2007 to 2021 and report the adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) in a multivariate analysis. Article selection is done by using PRISMA flow diagram. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: A total of 12 cohort studies involving tuberculosis patients undergoing treatment from America, Europe, Africa and Asia were selected for a systematic review and meta-analysis. The data collected showed tuberculosis patients undergoing treatment with comorbid Diabetes Mellitus had a 1.68 times risk of death compared to COVID-19 patients without comorbid chronic kidney disease (aOR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.42 to 1.99; p<0.001).Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus comorbidity increases the risk of death in tuberculosis patients undergoing treatment.
Keywords: Diabetes Melitus, Tuberculosis, mortality
Correspondence:Hakim Anasulfalah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Jawa Tengah. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 081327215685
Meta-Analysis: The Effect of D-Dimer on Mortality in Patients with COVID-19
Get PDFBackground: The severity of COVID-19 can be detected by examining elevated levels of CRP, ferritin, IL-6 and LDH. Elevated D-dimer levels are often found in patients with severe COVID-19 which can predict the occurrence of ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) and patient mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine how much influence D-dimer levels had on mortality of COVID-19 patients. Subjects and Method: This study used a systematic review and meta-analysis with following PICO, population: patients with a clinical diagnosis of COVID-19. Intervention: high D-dimer level. Comparison: low D-dimer level. Outcome: mortality. The data used were obtained from scientific research articles from Pubmed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Proquest electronic databases with a cohort design in 2020 until 2022 and report on aOR in multivariate analysis. The keywords used in the search for scientific articles were “D-dimer level” OR “D-dimer” AND “COVID-19” AND “mortality”. The selection of articles is done by using PRISMA flow diagram. Data were analyzed using Review Manager software version 5.4.1.Results: A total of 12 studies with a cohort design that met the criteria from Asia, America, and Europe were selected for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Based on the meta-analysis, it was found that increased levels of D-dimer (>0.5 g/mL) increased mortality in COVID-19 patients by 6.40 times compared to low levels of D-dimer (≤0.5 g/mL) and was statistically significant (aOR = 6.40; 95% CI= 4.51 to 9.08; p<0.001).Conclusion: Elevated levels of D-dimer may increase mortality risk in COVID-19 patients.
Keywords: d-dimer level, d-dimer, covid-19, mortality.
Correspondence:Yusuf Ryadi. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Jawa Tengah. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 085715605268
Associations between Parenting Style and Nutritional Knowledge on Stunting in Children Aged 24-60 Months in Ketang Health Center, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Stunting is a condition of children under five with a z-score of less than -2 standard deviation (stunted) and less than -3 standard deviation (severely stunted). Interventions to accelerate stunting prevention require intervention and coaching, such as knowledge and parenting of toddlers in the community. This study aimed to determine the relationships between knowledge, and stunting in children aged 24-60 months.Subjects and Method: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted in the Ketang Health Center, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. A total of 60 children aged 24-60 months and their mothers was selected using purposive sampling. The independent variables were parenting and nutritional knowledge. The dependent variable was stunting. The instruments of this study were height measurement tools, knowledge, and parenting questionnaires. The data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression.Results: Children who have mothers with poor parenting are 0.15 times more stunted than mothers with good parenting. Nutrition knowledge is 0.04 times less likely to be stunted than mothers with good nutrition knowledge.Conclusion: Mothers with poor parenting and nutritional knowledge increase the risk of stunting.
Keywords: Nutritional knowledge, parenting, stunting.
Correspondence:Heribertus Handi. Nursing Study Program, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Santu Paulus Ruteng. Jl. Jenderal A. Yani No. 10, Langke Rembong, East Nusa Tenggara. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 085236119205