Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (JEPH)
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Knowledge of Cervical Cancer Screening in Adult Women: Meta-Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Cervical cancer is the fourth common cancer worldwide and the second most common cancer cases in women. Cervical cancer screening allows detection of abnormal cervical cells. Having knowledge about cervical cancer and its screening can increase the absorption of services for cervical cancer screening. This study was aimed to determine the comparison of participation in cervical cancer screening in adult women with high education with adult women with low education.
Subjects and Method: This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis with the following PICO, population: adult women. Intervention: high knowledge. Comparison: low knowledge. Results: cervical cancer screening. The articles used in this study were obtained from two databases, namely Google Scholar and Pubmed. Keywords to search for "Knowledge," "screening" "cervical cancer" "adult women". The articles included are full-text articles with a cross-sectional study design from 2016 to 2022 and report multivariate analysis with Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR). Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.
Results: Systematic study and meta-analysis of this study A total of 16 articles from 2 African continents (Ethiopia, Nigeria, Southern Ethiopia, South west Ethiopia, Ivory Coast, South Africa, Northwest Ethiopia, Cameroon, eastern Ethiopia, Ghana), and Asia (Thailand and Malaysia). Showed that women with high knowledge had an attitude to cervical cancer screening 3.63 times compared to women with low knowledge and the results were statistically significant (aOR = 3.63; 95% CI = 2.11 to 6.24; p<0.001).
Conclusion: A high level of knowledge increases attitudes to cervical cancer screening in adult women.
Keywords: screening, cervical cancer, knowledge.
Correspondence: I Gusti Agung Ngurah Putra Pradnyantara, Poltekkes Permata Indonesia. Jl. Ringroad Utara No 22 C, Gandok, Condong Catur, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6282146804776
Meta-analysis of the Effect of Excess Waist Circumference on Hypertension Incidence in Adolescents
Get PDFBackground: Hypertension is a condition characterized by blood pressure measurements showing a systolic pressure of >130 mmHg and a diastolic pressure of >80 mmHg. There are so many cases of hypertension in adolescents that begin with being overweight or obese. One way to determine a person's level of obesity is by measuring the waist-to-hip ratio. This study was aimed to analyze the effect of excess waist circumference on the incidence of hypertension in adolescents.
Subjects and Method: This study is a meta-analysis study with the following PICO, population: adolescents. Intervention: excess waist circumference. Comparison: normal waist circumference. Outcome: hypertension. This study uses PRISMA flowchart guidelines. The article search process was carried out between 2011-2021 using online databases, namely PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. Based on the database, there were 9 articles that met the inclusion criteria. The analysis was carried out using RevMan 5.3 software.
Results: There are 9 cross-sectional studies originating from 2 continents, namely America and Asia. Based on the data showed that adolescents with excess waist circumference increased the risk of hypertension 1.59 times compared to adolescents with normal waist circumference (aOR= 1.59; 95% CI= 1.00 to 2.52; p= 0.050).
Conclusion: Excess waist circumference increases the risk of hypertension in adolescents.
Keywords: hypertension, waist circumference, teens
Correspondence: Ulul Azmi Zuhaira. Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Malang. Jl. Besar Ijen No. 77 C, Oro-oro Dowo, Kec. Klojen, Kota Malang, Jawa Timur. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +62822-4501-2258
The Effectiveness of Wearing Mask and Physical Distancing in Preventing the COVID-19 Transmission
Get PDFBackground: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The increase in the number of cases was rapid, and spread to various countries in a short time. Based on epidemiological and virological studies, it has been proven that COVID-19 is transmitted from symptomatic (symptomatic) people to other people who are in close proximity through droplets and aerosols. The application of health protocols is very effective in preventing transmission. Wearing masks, keeping a distance and washing hands are very important in preventing the spread of COVID-19.Subjects and Method: This study is a meta-analysis using the PICO model. The population is the general public (adults over 18 years), the intervention is to wear masks properly and keep a distance. The comparison is not wearing a mask properly and not keeping a distance. The outcome is prevention of the spread of COVID-19. The articles used in this study were obtained from three databases, namely Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. The keywords to search for articles were “mask” AND “covid transmission” “physical distancing” AND “cross sectional study”, from 2019 to 2021. The selection of articles was carried out using the PRISMA flow diagram. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: A total of 9 case studies from the African, American and Asian continents were selected for systematic review and meta-analysis. The results showed that the use of masks was 2.10 times effective in preventing transmission of COVID-19 and was statistically significant (aOR= 2.10; 95% CI= 1.54 to 2.85; p<0.001). Maintaining an effective distance of 2.35 times in preventing transmission of COVID-19 and statistically significant (Aor= 2.35; 95% CI= 1.44 to 3.83; p<0.001).Conclusion: Wearing a mask and keeping a distance is effective in preventing the spread of COVID-19.
Keywords: mask, physical distancing, covid transmission
Correspondence:Tri Nyantosani Widyawardani. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +62811284836
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding COVID-19 among Undergraduate Students of A Medical College in District Anantnag, Kashmir
Get PDFBackground: The control measures implemented against COVID-19 infection are affected largely in turn by the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19. The medical undergraduates being most active users of social media could have a huge impact over spread as well as control of this pandemic. So in order to evaluate their understanding of COVID-19. This study was aimed to assess knowledge, attitude and practices associated with COVID-19 among the undergraduate medical students.Subjects dan Method: A cross sectional study using an online survey was conducted among the medical students of Government Medical College, District Anantnag, J&K. All the medical students enrolled in this medical college were included in the study. Universal sampling was followed and a total of 183 medical students were included in the study. Data was collected by using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire through online survey form. The dependent variables were Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding COVID-19. The independent variables were demographic characteristics like age, gender, residence etc. Frequencies were obtained using descriptive statistics using appropriate statistical tool for analysis.Results: A total of 183 medical students participated in this study. All the subjects knew about corona virus and their main source of information was social media (n=131; 71.4%). About 95.6% knew about mode of transmission, and 91.2% knew about all major symptoms of corona virus infection. Most of the participants felt that COIVD-19 is a serious (n=137; 74.9%) disease and that lockdown is helping in reducing the number of cases (n=157; 85.8%). Our study also showed that 86.9% wash their hands regularly, 90.2% wear a face mask to avoid transmission, and 89.1% followed the lockdown guidelines.Conclusion: The present study showed that these medical students seem to have satisfactory knowledge, positive attitude and good practices regarding COVID-19.
Keywords: COVID-19, knowledge, attitude, practice, medical students, Anantnag
Correspondence:Suhail Nazir. Department of Surgery, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. India. Email: [email protected]
The Relationships between Physical Activity, Sleep Duration, Alcohol Consumption, and Hypertension in Adults: Meta-Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Hypertension is a disease that causes damage to body systems. Risk factors for hypertension are changes in socioeconomic, environmental, and unhealthy lifestyle such as smoking, lack of physical activity, high-fat and high-calorie foods, and alcohol consumption. This study aims to analyze the relationship between physical activity, sleep duration, and alcohol consumption on the incidence of hypertension in adults with a meta-analysis study.
Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis with the population: adults (>18 years old). Intervention: low physical activity, short sleep duration and frequent alcohol consumption. Comparison: moderate physical activity, normal sleep duration, and no alcohol consumption. Outcome: the incidence of hypertension. The articles used were obtained from several databases: PubMed, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The keywords are: “physical activity” OR exercise” AND “sleep duration” AND “alcohol consumption” AND "hypertension" OR “high blood pressure”. The article used was a full-text article with a cross-sectional study design and the results were reported in aOR. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.
Results: A total of 27 articles in this study came from 4 continents, namely Asia (South Korea, China, Lebanon, Thailand), Africa (Cameroon, Uganda, Ethiopia, Sudan), Europe (Poland, France, Portugal, Spain) and America (United States of America). The forest plot results showed that adults with low physical activity had 1.41 times higher risk to experience hypertension compared to people who did moderate physical activity (aOR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.22 to 1.62; p < 0.001). Short sleep duration increased the incidence of hypertension by 1.19 times higher compared to normal sleep duration (aOR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.32; p = 0.002). Frequent alcohol consumption increased the incidence of hypertension by 1.29 times higher compared to no alcohol consumption (aOR=1.29; 95% CI = 1.12 to 1.49; p=0.0006).
Conclusion: Physical activity, sleep duration, and alcohol consumption increase the incidence of hypertension in the adult population
Meta-Analysis Effects of Diabetes Mellitus on Mortality in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Get PDFBackground: Patients with diabetes mellitus have a higher risk of developing heart failure. Heart failure patients with diabetes mellitus will experience further health problems that are worse than heart failure patients without diabetes mellitus. This study was aimed to analyze the effect of diabetes on mortality in heart failure patients using a meta-analysis.
Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis study using PRISMA flowchart guidelines. The PICO model used was Population= patients with chronic heart failure. Intervention= with diabetes mellitus. Comparison= not with diabetes mellitus. Outcome= mortality. The article search process was carried out between 2012 and 2021 using online databases from PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar. The keywords used in the article search were “Chronic Heart Failure” AND “Diabetes” AND “Mortality”. The inclusion criteria used in this study were full-text articles using a cohort study design, the research subjects were chronic heart failure patients, the study outcome was mortality, multivariate analysis with adjusted Hazard Ratio (aHR). The analysis was carried out using RevMan 5.3 software.
Results: A total of 9 articles reviewed in the meta-analysis showed that diabetes mellitus increased the risk of mortality in patients with chronic heart failure 1.24 times compared with patients without diabetes mellitus (aHR= 1.24; 95%CI= 1.15 to 1.34; p< 0.001).
Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus increases mortality in patients with chronic heart failure.
Keywords: chronic heart failure, diabetes mellitus, mortality
Correspondence: Yeocelin Mega Pratiwi. Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Jl. Sekip Utara, Senolowo, Sinduadi, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6282137652605
Meta-Analysis: Effect of Cigarette Smoke Exposure on Pregnant Women as Passive Smokers on Low Birth Weight
Get PDFBackground: Intrauterine exposure to tobacco smoke is considered an important risk factor for low birth weight (LBW) infants, low birth weight (SGA) infants, and preterm delivery. Mothers who smoke during pregnancy are known to limit intrauterine fetal growth and result in low birth weight. This study aims to analyze the effect of exposure to cigarette smoke on pregnant women as active smokers on the incidence of low birth weight.Subjects and Method: This research is a meta-analysis study using PRISMA flowchart guidelines. The article search process was carried out between 2013-2021 using databases from PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct PICO, namely, population= pregnant women. Intervention= exposure to cigarette smoke. Comparison= not exposed to cigarette smoke. Outcome= low birth weight. The keywords used for the article search were “Pregnant or pregnancy” AND “smoking” AND “birth weight”. The analysis was carried out using RevMan 5.3 software.Results: There are 8 primary studies spread across 4 continents, namely the continents of Australia, South America, Asia, and Europe, which were selected for a systematic review and meta-analysis. The data found showed that exposure to cigarette smoke in pregnant women as passive smokers increased 2.01 times low birth weight compared to pregnant women who were not exposed to cigarettes (aOR= 2.01; 95% CI= 1.32 to 3.06; p<0.001).Conclusion: Exposure to cigarette smoke in pregnant women as passive smokers increases the risk of low birth weight.
Keywords: Low birth weight (LBW), cigarette exposure
Correspondence:Zonna Aditiya Kusumaningtiyas. Diploma IV of Midwifery, Health Polytechnics Ministry of Health, Surabaya. Jl. Pucang Jajar Tengah 56, Surabaya, East Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +62-822-3499-8054
Mortality Risk in COVID-19 Patients with HIV-Comorbidity: Meta-Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Coronavirus disease 2019 or known as COVID-19 is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Comorbidities that are risk factors for COVID-19 death include hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, COPD, HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), kidney failure, and cancer. This study aims to estimate the magnitude of the risk of death in COVID-19 patients with comorbid HIV, with a meta-analysis of the primary studies conducted by the previous authors.Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis with the following PICO, population: COVID-19 patients. Intervention: HIV comorbidity. Comparison: without co-morbid HIV. Outcome: Mortality. The articles used in this study were obtained from four databases, namely PubMed, Google Scholar, Springerlink, and Science direct, using the search keys "HIV/AIDS" AND "Mortality" OR "death" AND "COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2. The included article is a full-text English language with a cohort study design from 2020 to 2021 and reports the adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) in a multivariate analysis. Article selection is done by using PRISMA flow diagram. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: A total of 9 cohort studies involving 3,397,186 COVID-19 patients from America, Europe, and Africa were selected for a systematic review and meta-analysis. The data collected showed that COVID-19 patients with HIV comorbidities had a mortality risk of 3.30 times compared to COVID-19 patients without HIV comorbidities (aOR = 3.30; 95% CI = 2.87 to 3.81; p<0.001).Conclusion: HIV increases mortality risk in COVID-19 patients.
Keywords: HIV, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, mortality
Correspondence:Nindita Arum Veibiani. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 085800216969
Factors Associated with Family Consent to Organ Donation in Qatar: Results from a Household Survey
Get PDFBackground: Family consent and organ donors rates are colinear to each other. The low consent rate can be influenced by socioeconomic and behavioral factors in the population. This study aimed to assess the influence of sociodemographic and behavioral factors on family consent for organ donation in the household population.Subjects dan Method: This is a secondary data analysis of the cross-sectional research design of 1044 household participants conducted in Qatar on organ donation between October and November 2016. A two-stage systematic random sampling was applied to collect data. The dependent variable was family consent. The independent variables were demographic and behavioral factors such as knowledge, attitude, intention, and beliefs about organ donation. Data were collected using household survey Questionnaire and analyzed using Student t-tests (unpaired), chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression analysis. C-statistics were applied to see discriminate accuracy of the developed regression model for family consent.Results: Knowledge (aOR= 1.63; 95%CI= 0.55 to 4.80; p= 0.380), behavioral belief (aOR= 1.11; 95%CI= 0.77 to 1.61; p= 0.580), heard organ donation (aOR= 1.12; 95%CI= 0.71 to 1.76; p= 0.630), registered for organ donation (aOR= 1.11; 95%CI= 0.50 to 2.46; p= 0.800), donated any organ/ blood/tissue (aOR= 1.63; 95%CI= 0.55 to 4.80; p= 0.380) can increased with family consent for organ donation registration. But, it’s not significantly statistic. Attitude (aOR= 1.73; 95%CI= 1.28 to 2.34; p= 0.001), control belief (aOR= 0.74; 95%CI= 0.55 to 0.99; p= 0.050), and Intention (aOR= 7.50; 95%CI= 4.04 to 13.92; p= 0.001) can increased with family consent for organ donation registration and the results were statistically significant.Conclusion: Attitude, control belief, and intention can increase family consent for organ donation registration.
Keywords: Family consent, intention, attitude, knowledge, organ donation.
Correspondence:Rajvir Singh. Cardiology Research Center, Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar, Post Box: 3050; email: [email protected]. Mobile: 97455897044
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Health Care Workers in the Management of Peptic Ulcer at the Paul VI and the Bogodogo District Hospitals, in Burkina Faso
Get PDFBackground: In 2015, peptic ulcer disease (PUD) was cause of 52.3% and 17% of digestive bleeding and death in respectively among in-hospital patients at the gastroenterology units of the main hospital in Ouagadougou. We aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the health care workers in the management of PUD.Subjects dan Method: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study with a prospective data collection implemented at the Paul VI and the Bogodogo District Hospitals in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) from December 15, 2015 to January 25, 2016. A questionnaire was administered to 134 health care workers including medical doctors, nurses and midwives.Results: The mean age was 33 years (Mean= 33.6; SD= 5.84). Females represented 61.9%. Knowledge levels were good to excellent for general knowledge, symptoms and treatment of PUD. Depending on the agent's qualification, knowledge levels were excellent in all areas for two-thirds to three-quarters of the general practitioners, except for knowledge of additional investigation analyses, where only 47.8% had an excellent knowledge. Depending on the level of education, the level of knowledge was at least good for more than 50% of the agents except for the knowledge of additional investigation analyses where only 45.2 % of the agents of secondary school level had a good knowledge. The main attitudes consisted in managing the patients in emergency and out of an emergency context in 45.8% and 42.2% of the cases, respectively. Regarding the practices, 51.5% of the HCWs systematically requested investigation analyses before starting an aetiological therapy.Conclusion: The PUD knowledge ranks from good to excellent. However, the frequent prescription of symptomatic treatments could be the cause of many complications. The promotion of continuous medical education is a good mitigation plan to resolve the issues of knowledge and competence regarding the PUD.
Keywords: attitude, knowledge, peptic ulcer disease, practice
Correspondence:Eric Nagaonlé Somé. Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS)/CNRST 10 BP 250 Ouagadougou 10 Burkina Faso. Email: [email protected]. Mobile phone: +22670751333