Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (JEPH)
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A Qualitative Study Exploring the Experiences of Tuberculosis Patients Who Have Successfully Recovered
Get PDFBackground: Tuberculosis cases in Indonesia occupy the second highest position after India. TB eradication is an important program in the SDGs 2030. Recovering from Tuberculosis is a blessing. This study aimed to explore the experiences of tuberculosis sufferers who have recovered.
Subjects and Method: This qualitative study was conducted in the Yosodadi Community from January to February 2023. A total of 12 patients with tuberculosis who had successfully recovered were selected for this study. The variable of this study was the experiences of tuberculosis patients who have successfully recovered. A depth interview was used to obtain the data. The data were analyzed descriptively.
Results: The study showed the importance of patients knowing their disease, the support of those around them, and health workers who have good empathy towards TB patients. This research also found the importance of health providers and patient families being asked to pay attention to the mental health problems suffered by TB patients.
Conclusion: Vaccine reluctance is a huge problem in the face of a pandemic that is not yet over. Even with to achieve recovery for TB patients, efforts are needed to understand the mental condition of TB patients. Policymakers must consider ongoing health education regarding TB patient assistance by family and health workers.
Keywords: Empathy, family support, health provider, mental health, patient, tuberculosis.
Correspondence:Cri Sajjana Prajna Wekadigunawan. Faculty of Health Sciences Esa Unggul University. Jl Terusan Arjuna, Jakarta Barat. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6281299264727
Prevalence and Determinants of Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco in the Rural Population of Karnataka, India
Get PDFBackground: Tobacco is known as a major cause of various preventable non-communicable diseases and kills half of all its users. With a greater prevalence in the rural community compared to the urban, this global health burden is substantially malignant. This study aimed to bridge the gap in the lack of adequate statistical information pertaining to prevalence and determinants of smoking and smokeless tobacco use in the rural population of Karnataka.Subjects and Method: This randomized community interventional study was conducted in primary health center areas of Karnataka, India. A total of 4,576 persons were interviewed (2,087 males and 2,489 females). Subjects ?30 years of age and residents for a minimum of six months were included. Mentally challenged, bedridden or differently abled subjects were excluded. The study employed a validated questionnaire adapted from the WHO STEPS questionnaire concerning demographical information, behavioral, physical, and biochemical measurements. Besides tobacco, informa-tion on use of beedis, cigarettes, and smokeless tobacco products (snuff, chewing tobacco) were also elicited. Data analysis of socio-demographic characteristics (age, educational/ marital/ occupational status) was carried out only for the participants with a current smoking habit. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 18.0.Results: The overall prevalence rate of current smoking and smokeless tobacco habit in the study population was 54.8% (95%CI= 53.40 to 56.20) and the prevalence rate of ever/past users was 39.7% (95%CI= 38.26 to 41.10). Genderwise analysis predicted a higher prevalence of males currently smoking, and among them, most were 50 to 59 years of age (43.3%), illiterate (42.7%), widowed/ separated (39.8%), unskilled (44%), and semi-skilled workers (30%).Conclusion: Both genders participate in tobacco use, prevalence of smoking was higher among men and consumption of smokeless tobacco was higher among women. Subjects aged 50-59 years, illiterate, divorced/widowed/separated and, involved in unskilled or semi-skilled labor exhibited greater prevalence of tobacco habit compared to other determinants.Keywords: noncommunicable diseases, global health, tobacco use, tobacco smoking, smokeless tobacco.
Correspondence: Dinesh Rajaram, Associate Professor. Department of Community Medicine, M.S. Ramaiah Medical college and Hospital, Bengaluru 560054, Karnataka, India. Email id.: [email protected]. Mobile: +919980336893
Fungal Spore Diversity and Abundance in Five Areas in Ibadan, South West, Nigeria
Get PDFBackground: Airborne fungal spores may pose as a potential high risk of fungalrelated health problems in humans, animals, and plants which necessitated the need to constantly monitor the presence and diversity of fungi spores in the atmosphere regularly. This study aims to investigate diversity and abundance of airborne fungal spores across multiple locations for two years in Ibadan, South West, Nigeria.Subjects dan Method: Study descriptive cross-sectional are used to investigate diversity and abundance of airborne fungal spores across multiple locations. The variable in this study were Airborne fungi spores diversity sampled monthly from five different locations in Ibadan, Oyo State, SouthWest Nigeria for two years using the open plate sedimentation method with the petri dishes of Dichloranglycerol 18 (DG18) and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media. Monthly Meteorological parameters were equally taken during the duration of sampling. The data were collected and graphical presented using histograms.Results: A total of 39 fungal species were identified throughout duration of study. Aspergillus and Penicillium were the most abundant fungi genera isolated while few Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, and Basidiomycetes were found. Rainy season period favours high number of fungi in the atmosphere. The highest abundance of fungal spores was recorded in June and July while lower fungi concentration was recorded between December and February.Conclusion: the study revealed the most dominant and abundant spores belong to the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium. The results show the need for people suffering from fungi sensitivity and allergies to be well informed.
Keywords: fungi, health, Ibadan, airborne.
Correspondence: Adeyinka Odebode. Department of Basic Science, Kampala International University, Uganda. Email: [email protected]
Effectiveness of Telehealth in Improving Quality of Life and Lowering Depression in Post-Stroke Patients: A Meta-Analysis
Get PDFBackground: People who have a stroke are generally more likely to have difficulty managing daily activities such as walking, bathing, dressing, and participating in activities in the community and showing symptoms of depression that affects the quality of life. Telehealth is here to help people communicate with health workers without having to come directly to health facilities. The study aims to analyze how much effect telehealth has in improving the quality of life and reducing the risk of depression in post-stroke patients.Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis study using PICO. Population: post-stroke patients. Intervention: telehealth. Comparison: no telehealth. Outcome: quality of Life and depression. This study used articles from several databases namely Pubmed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library using the keywords "Stroke" AND "telehealth" OR "Telerehabilitation" OR "Tele-medicine" OR "Mobile health" OR "mHealth " OR "eHealth" AND "Quality of Life" OR "Health-Related Quality of Life" AND "Depression" AND "Randomized Controlled Trial" OR "RCT" to identify relevant studies. The articles included in the study were articles in English with RCT study design, published between 2012 and 2022. Steps in the systematic review were carried out based on guidelines from PRISMA flow diagram. Quantitative analysis was performed using Revman 5.3.Results: 8 RCTs article from America, Asia, and Europe showed that post-stroke patients who obtained telehealth services on average had 0.87 units higher quality of life than those without telehealth (SMD=0.87; 95% CI =0.30 to 1.44; p=0.003). 8 RCTs article from America and Europe showed that post-stroke patients who obtained telehealth services on average had 0.44 units lower depression than those without telehealth (SMD= -0.44; 95% CI=-0.79 to -0.09; p= 0.010).Conclusion: Telehealth can improve quality of life and lower the risk of depression in post-stroke patients.
Keywords: telehealth, post-stroke, quality of life, depression
Correspondence:Siti Luluk Khamidahtun Ni'mah. Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +628562563503
Factors Affecting Nutritional Status of Children with Down Syndrome of 7 to 12 Year-Old in Medan
Get PDFBackground: Despite the increasing prevalence of overnutrition, the increasing number of children with Down syndrome, followed by the higher risk of children with Down syndrome to experience overnutrition, research conducted on factors that influence the nutritional status of children with Down syndrome is still limited in Indonesia. This research was conducted to look at the comparison of factors affecting the nutritional status of children with Down syndrome in the 7-12-year-old age group in Medan.Subjects dan Method: This research is an analytical cross-sectional study design. This research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to mothers of children with Down syndrome at POTADS Medan. The sampling method used is purposive sampling and data that meets the inclusion and exclusion criteria is selected. The number of samples were 30 children with Down syndrome. The data is then analyzed with Spearman’s correlation using SPSS with children’s nutritional status as the dependent factor and paternal education, maternal education, total parents’ earnings, children's energy intake, children’s diet quality, children’s physical activity, and maternal nutritional knowledge as the independent factors.Results: Correlations were found between the nutritional status of the children and paternal education (p= 0.019; r= -0.42), between children’s nutritional status and children's energy intake (p= 0.002; r= 0.55), and between children’s nutritional status and children’s diet quality (p= 0.015; r= -0.44) with confidence interval at 95%.Conclusion: Strong negative correlation against children’s nutritional status was found in paternal education and children's diet quality, while strong positive correlation was found in children’s energy intake. Indirect correlations against nutritional status were found in maternal education, parents’ total income, and maternal nutritional knowledge score.
Keywords: down syndrome, diet quality, bmi.
Correspondence: Reynard Andrew. Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jalan Dr. T. Mansur No.9, Padang Bulan, Kec. Medan Baru, Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara 20222, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285361991111
Obesity and Its Risk on Breast Cancer among Women: A Meta-Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer experienced by women which can cause the most deaths in both developed and developing countries. The risk of breast cancer severity in women with BMI obesity category increased up to 30% compared with women who had normal weight. This study aims to analyze the effect of obesity on breast cancer mortality in women, with a meta-analysis of primary studies conducted by previous authors.
Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis with the following PICO, population: breast cancer women. Intervention: obesity. Comparison: not obese. Outcome: mortality. The articles used in this study were obtained from four databases, namely Google Scholar, Pubmed, Science Direct and Springerlink. Keywords to search for articles “Obesity” OR “Obese Overweight” AND “Mortality” OR “Death” AND “Women with Breast Cancer” OR “Breast Cancer” OR “Breast Cancer Mortality” AND “Adjusted Hazard Ratio”. The included articles are full-text English with an observational cohort study design from 2012 to 2021 and report on the aOR in multivariate analyses. Article selection is done by using PRISMA flow diagram. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.
Results: A total of 12 observational cohort studies from the United States, Denmark, Netherlands, UK, Spain, Malaysia and China were selected for systematic review and meta-analysis. The data collected showed that obesity increased the mortality risk of breast cancer women and was statistically significant (aOR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.52; p = 0.050).
Conclusion: Obesity increases the risk of mortality in breast cancer women.
Keywords: obesity, breast cancer women, meta-analysis
Correspondence: Ruth Apriyanti. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6281375232120
Meta-Analysis Correlations between Hypertension, Smoking, and Severity Risk of COVID-19
Get PDFBackground: Based on the reported cases, 16.9% of COVID-19 patients were accompanied by comorbidities. Hypertension and smoking are suspected to be one of the pathological determinants that play a role in clinical predictors that are predicted to cause a worsening of the patient's condition during the treatment period. This study aimed to examine correlations between hypertension, smoking, and severity risk of COVID-19.Subjects and Method: Meta-analysis was carried out using PRISMA flow diagrams. Article searches through journal databases include: PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar. articles used in 2020-2022. The PICOs in this study were, Population: COVID-19 patients, Intervention: hypertension and smoking Comparation: not hypertension and not smoking, Outcome: severity of COVID-19. The keywords in this study were “hypertention” OR “high blood pressure” AND “severe COVID-19” OR “severty COVID-19” OR “patient COVID-19 outcome” “cigarette” OR “smoking” OR “current smoker” OR former smoker” AND “severe COVID-19” OR “severty COVID-19” OR “patient COVID-19 outcome” Inclusion criteria were articles used in full paper articles with a cohort design, relationship size used with aOR, intervention given the association of hypertension and smoking on the severity of COVID-19. Eligible articles were analyzed using the Revman 5.3 application.Results: A meta-analysis of 12 cohort articles originating from Asia, America, Africa, Europe, concluded that COVID-19 treatment patients with hypertension had higher severity 1.82 times compared to those without hypertension (aOR= 1.82; 95% CI= 1.18 to 2.79; p=0.006). Likewise, COVID-19 treatment patients with smoking habit had higher severity than those who do not smoke (aOR= 0.62; 95% CI= 0.14 to 2.65; p=0.520).Conclusion: COVID-19 patients with hypertension have an increased risk of severity. COVID-19 patients with smoking lower risk of severity.
Keywords: Severe COVID-19, hypertention, cigarette.
Correspondence:Lisa Safaah Novia Larsiani. Masters Program in Public Health. Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl.Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: [email protected] Mobile: 089536503803
Meta Analysis: The Effect of Social Support in Preventing Postpartum Depression in Postpartum Mothers
Get PDFBackground: Depression is one of the contributors to the disease that is the focus of public health in the world. The most common depression is postpartum depression. The postpartum period is a period of adaptation between mother and baby to optimize bonding attachment, so they need physical, emotional, and mental support from partners, families, and socially. This study was aimed to estimate the magnitude of the incidence of postpartum depression in postpartum mothers with the influence of social and family support, with a meta-analysis of the main study conducted by previous authors.
Subjects and Method: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis with PICO, population: postpartum mothers. Intervention: strong social support. Comparison: weak social support. Outcome: postpartum depression. The articles used were obtained from several databases, namely Google Scholar, Pubmed, SpingerLink and Science Direct. Search keywords for articles were “Postnatal Depression” OR “Postpartum Depression” AND “Family Support” OR “Social Support” AND “Postpartum Mother”. The inclusion criteria for research articles were full-text articles using a cross-sectional observational study design, postpartum mothers who received intervention in the form of family and social support, the results of the study were postpartum/postnatal depression, multivariate analysis with Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) to measure estimates effect. Data were analyzed using the Review Manager application (RevMan 5.3).
Results: A total of 10 cross-sectional articles were selected for a systematic review and meta-analysis with 8,930 postpartum mothers from Asia and Africa. Mothers giving birth without social support can contribute to the worsening of the postpartum mother's condition to cause postpartum depression (OR= 3.12; 95%CI 1.95 to 4.99; p= 0.009).
Conclusion: Social support can increase the prevention of postpartum depression in postpartum mothers.
Keywords: social support, postpartum mother, postpartum depression, postnatal depression
Correspondence: Meita Tyas Nugrahaeni. Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Mulyorejo, Kota Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 085974825459
Meta Analysis: The Effect of Bullying on Adolescents on Mental Health and Depression
Get PDFBackground: Bullying is an act of aggression that is intentional and repeated physically, psychologically, verbally, and cyber which can cause various health problems. Bullying is one of the causes of poor mental health conditions in adolescents whose impact can continue into adulthood. This study was aimed to assess the magnitude of the effect of bullying on mental health and depression based on the scores obtained from several previous similar studies.
Subjects and Method: The design of this research study was a systematic review and meta-analysis. The primary articles used were obtained from online databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and Springer Link) published in 2012-2022. Population: teenagers. Intervention: bullying. Comparison: not experiencing bullying. Outcomes: mental health and depression. The keywords used in the primary article search were “Bullying” AND “Mental Health Problem” OR “Psychological Disorder” OR “Psychological Distress” AND “Depression” OR “Depressive Disorder” AND “Adolescent” OR “Teenager”. This study uses full-text articles with a cross-sectional design and contains an aOR (adjusted Odds Ratio) value. The selection of articles was carried out using PRISMA flow diagrams. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.
Results: There are 7 articles from Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Italy, Morocco, Sweden, Australia, and Ethiopia on bullying and adolescent mental health, as well as 8 articles from Saudi Arabia, US, Italy, China, Brazil, Canada, Australia, and Malaysia on bullying and depression in adolescents. The results of the meta-analysis showed that bullying was statistically significant in increasing the occurrence of mental health disorders (aOR= 2.48; 95%CI= 1.64 to 3.74; p< 0.001) and depression (aOR= 2.74; 95%CI= 2.29 to 3.28; p< 0.0001) in teenagers.
Conclusion: The experience of bullying can increase the risk of mental health disorders and depression in adolescents.
Keywords: Bullying, mental health, depression, youth.
Correspondence: Riya Ulin Nuha. Faculty of Health Science, Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. Jl. Ring Road Barat 63 Mlangi Nogotirto Gamping, Sleman 55292, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 081238710748
The Relationship between Alcohol Consumption and Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Meta-Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Alcoholic drink is a type of drink that contains ingredients similar to alcohol, usually ethyl alcohol or ethanol. Cardiovascular disease or also known as heart disease, generally refers to conditions that involve narrowing or blocking of blood vessels. The cardiovascular effects of alcohol consumption seen in observational studies continue to be hotly debated in the thematic literature and popular media. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease in adultsSubjects and Method: This is a meta-analysis study using PRISMA flowchart guidelines and the articles were published in English from 2013 to 2022. The article search was conducted using the PICO model, Population: Adults, Intervention: Alcohol consumption. Comparison: No Consumption of alcoholic beverages. Articles obtained from the PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect databases. Based on the database, there were 9 articles that met the inclusion criteria. The analysis was carried out using Revman 5.3. software.Results: There were 9 articles from Asia, North America, and Europe, 2 articles from South Korea, 2 articles from China, 1 article from Japan, 1 article from the United States (USA), 1 article from England, 1 article from Spain and 1 article from Eastern Europe. Based on the results of the forest plot using a cohort study, it showed that someone who consumes alcohol has a high risk of cardiovascular disease by 2.83 times compared to someone who does not consume alcohol which is associated with cardiovascular disease (aHR = 2.83; CI 95% = 2.67 to 3.00; p <0.001).Conclusion: Adults who consume alcohol are at risk for cardiovascular disease.
Keywords: cardiovascular, alcoholic drink, heart disease
Correspondence:Moh Maulana. Medical Record Study Program, Jember Polytechnic. Jl. Mastrip, East Krajan, Sumbersari 68121, East Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +62 851-5667-1759