Emerging Science Journal (ESJ)
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The Eye: A Light Weight Mobile Application for Visually Challenged People Using Improved YOLOv5l Algorithm
Get PDFThe eye is an essential sensory organ that allows us to perceive our surroundings at a glance. Losing this sense can result in numerous challenges in daily life. However, society is designed for the majority, which can create even more difficulties for visually impaired individuals. Therefore, empowering them and promoting self-reliance are crucial. To address this need, we propose a new Android application called "The Eye” that utilizes Machine Learning (ML)-based object detection techniques to recognize objects in real-time using a smartphone camera or a camera attached to a stick. The article proposed an improved YOLOv5l algorithm to improve object detection in visual applications. YOLOv5l has a larger model size and captures more complex features and details, leading to enhanced object detection accuracy compared to smaller variants like YOLOv5s and YOLOv5m. The primary enhancement in the improved YOLOv5l algorithm is integrating L1 and L2 regularization techniques. These techniques prevent overfitting and improve generalization by adding a regularization term to the loss function during training. Our approach combines image processing and text-to-speech conversion modules to produce reliable results. The Android text-to-speech module is then used to convert the object recognition results into an audio output. According to the experimental results, the improved YOLOv5l has higher detection accuracy than the original YOLOv5 and can detect small, multiple, and overlapped targets with higher accuracy. This study contributes to the advancement of technology to help visually impaired individuals become more self-sufficient and confident. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-05-011 Full Text: PD
Human Rights amongst COVID-19: CAT Convention
Get PDFThailand's strength to uphold human rights remains crucial in developing a positive international standard. However, amid the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an extensive research debate to ensure human rights' adequateness and protective framework. The objective of this research is to enrich our understanding of the legal frameworks related to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment of 1984 (CAT), and the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand B.E. 2560 (2017), which are significant legal instruments that impact the international and national population. This study adopted a comprehensive SWOT-PESTEL methodology, which involves internal variable assessment through Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threats (SWOT) and external variables, including Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environment, and Legal (PESTEL). Case studies and the legal positivism approach are integrated to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of international and national legal frameworks. The research findings emphasize the need for Thailand to revise the National Human Rights Commission and relevant laws. Therefore, ensure the conduct of responsible investigations and the creation of a specialized court for protecting human rights, considering the limited availability of experts, specialists, judges, lawyers, prosecutors, researchers, academics, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-06-012 Full Text: PD
Evaluation of the Lean Approach Implementation in Engineering Education
Get PDFThis study aims to study the benefits of lean approach implementation in engineering education in Morocco by using three concrete case studies to present a comparative analysis between situations with and without Lean approach deployment. The first project focuses on improving internet access. The second project aims to improve the conduct of practicum sessions. The third project aims to identify and improve the performance of the processes implemented in the student affairs department. In this research study, deductive methodology is followed, also called the "hypothetical-deductive approach", First, we presented a synthetic analysis of Lean implementation studies existing in the literature between 2000-2023, then we presented three Lean implementation projects in the engineering school in Morocco. This research work allowed us to present, with concrete cases, the contribution of the approach to engineering education in Morocco, whether it is in the teaching processes or in the support and management processes within an engineering school. The involvement and sensibilization of the resources represent key success factors of this Lean transformation. This research work can serve as a baseline reference for other Lean implementation initiatives in the field of education in Morocco. On the one hand, while examining the literature, we found a scarcity of studies that have presented a comparison between the situation without and with the Lean approach. On the other hand, the Lean approach is a new concept that has never been discussed concretely in the context of Moroccan engineering; the present research fills that gap. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-04-07 Full Text: PD
A New Combined Model for Assessing the Perceived Accessibility of Public Transport by Consumers in the Megapolis
Get PDFThis research aims to create and test a new combined model to identify causal relationships between the perceived accessibility of the non-rail urban ground public transport (UGPT) route network and consumer experience in megacities. The methods used in the research are based on a combination of two models for assessing the perceived accessibility of UGPT passengers and the frequency of UGPT use. An online survey of 1,500 megapolis residents based on the quota sample was organized. Contingency tables were used to test the hypothesis, with the result reliability at a significance level of 5%, which was checked using the chi-square test. The impact of consumer experience on passengers' perceived accessibility of the UGPT route network was identified. The relationship between the attributes of transport accessibility and the passengers' frequency of using UGPT highlights significant differences between the perceived accessibility of transport and the frequency of using UGPT. Practical recommendations were formulated for developing transport accessibility for residents of megacities. The novelty of the research lies in the combined approach, which provides a deep understanding of causal relationships between customer experience (frequency of using UGPT) and the residents' perceived accessibility of UGPT services. This helps to develop a theoretical model and practical recommendations for the improvement of the public UGPT system and transport services. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-06-023 Full Text: PD
The Organizational Culture Strategy SMEs During Economic Crises
Get PDFThe importance of organizational culture in the operation and performance of businesses has been widely acknowledged, but there is inconsistency in findings about the impact of culture on organizational performance across studies. This study aimed to achieve two objectives: first, to establish the relationship between the quality of accounting information systems (AIS), organizational culture, and the financial performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam; and second, to survey the organizational culture strategy of Vietnamese SMEs in the context of economic crises. The study survey was conducted in May 2023 and involved 242 SMEs in Vietnam. The research model was tested using Smart PLS. The results suggest that AIS has a positive relationship with both organizational culture and the financial performance of SMEs. However, organizational culture only affects financial performance related to organizational adaptability during a crisis. Moreover, a flexible, external adaptation, and balanced cultural approach strategy has a significant impact on the financial performance of SMEs. During a crisis, managers expect employees to adapt in order to achieve strategic goals and plans while simultaneously balancing stability, engagement, and employee satisfaction to achieve organizational effectiveness. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-06-015 Full Text: PD
Positioning Climate Therapy Stays as a Health Tourism Product: An Evidence-Based Approach
Get PDFBackground: The relationship between Length Of Stay (LOS) and Metres Above Sea Level (MASL) of Climate Therapy Stays (CTSs) and their therapeutic effectiveness and efficiency has been under-researched in the last four decades. As a consequence, the potentials of short-term and low-altitude CTSs remain unknown. Objectives: The purpose of this study is twofold. Firstly, it aims to ascertain whether LOS and MASL are related to the percentage change of Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) and the percentage change of FEV1 Compound Daily Improvement Rate (FEV1 CDIR % Change). Secondly, it aims to provide an evidence-based positioning of CTSs by considering the same specific variables. Methods/Analysis: The study focuses on young people (age Ë‚18) who have asthma problems. The Resource-Based Theory, postulating the valuability of natural resources generating above-average benefits, has been adopted as a conceptual lens. Primary studies carried out in eastern and western European countries and separately reviewed have been considered jointly. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between LOS and MASL of CTSs with FEV1Change (%) and FEV1Change CDIR (%) as indicators of health improvements. The descriptive statistics were implemented in calculating standardized and aggregated values. Findings: Negative and significant relationships have been highlighted between FEV1 Change (%) and MASL and between FEV1 Change CDIR % and LOS. In other words, subjects can achieve significant health improvements even by experiencing very short climate therapy stays at very low altitude mountain centres. Considering the FEV1Change (%) and the FEV1 Change CDIR (%) of climate stays by duration and elevation, the evidence-based knowledge platform has been established as a possible framework for developing an evidence-based marketing strategy for new health tourism products. Novelty/Improvement:Notwithstanding the need for further research, the metrics facilitating interdisciplinary, human health and economic studies have been devised. Further research on the effects of low altitude climate therapy stays could help define the healing potentials of macro and microclimatic conditions as potentially valuable ‘health devices' for those suffering from respiratory diseases living in the COVID-19 era. Quantifying these effects through further studies, an evidence-based approach to formulating marketing strategies may be devised, useful both for supporting public health provision and policies, and for facilitating practitioners in health tourism interested in offering nature-based activities for their clients. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-02-04 Full Text: PD
Reducing the New Inmates' Anxiety through Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy with Patronage Counseling Technique
Get PDFRecurring cases of suicide, escapement, riots, and overcapacity have been observed in correctional institutions in Indonesia. Mental health issues are one of the causes of such a phenomenon. The emergence of this mental health issue may negatively impact inmates and cause disturbances in correctional institutions. Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) focuses on transforming an irrational concept into a rational belief. This study aims to investigate the effects of REBT counseling with patronage technique on reducing anxiety levels. This new Patron-Client platform, equipped with the signification of gratitude and contentment, becomes a new form of proper counseling in a correctional institution. This study adopted the quasi-experiment before-after method with the Solomon four-group design. To garner the data, it involved four groups divided into two experimental and two control groups, consisting of 240 research population and 160 research subjects. ANOVA and T-test analysis were used to further analyze the obtained data. The findings show significantly different anxiety levels in the inmate groups before and after the treatment. Besides, no difference was observed in the inmates who did not receive the treatment. This study concludes that REBT counseling with patronage technique significantly decreases the inmates' anxiety levels in the correctional institution. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-02-08 Full Text: PD
Oversampling Approach Using Radius-SMOTE for Imbalance Electroencephalography Datasets
Get PDFSeveral studies related to emotion recognition based on Electroencephalogram signals have been carried out in feature extraction, feature representation, and classification. However, emotion recognition is strongly influenced by the distribution or balance of Electroencephalogram data. On the other hand, the limited data obtained significantly affects the imbalance condition of the resulting Electroencephalogram signal data. It has an impact on the low accuracy of emotion recognition. Therefore, based on these problems, the contribution of this research is to propose the Radius SMOTE method to overcome the imbalance of the DEAP dataset in the emotion recognition process. In addition to the EEG data oversampling process, there are several vital processes in emotion recognition based on EEG signals, including the feature extraction process and the emotion classification process. This study uses the Differential Entropy (DE) method in the EEG feature extraction process. The classification process in this study compares two classification methods, namely the Decision Tree method and the Convolutional Neural Network method. Based on the classification process using the Decision Tree method, the application of oversampling with the Radius SMOTE method resulted in the accuracy of recognizing arousal and valence emotions of 78.78% and 75.14%, respectively. Meanwhile, the Convolutional Neural Network method can accurately identify the arousal and valence emotions of 82.10% and 78.99%, respectively. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-02-013 Full Text: PD
The Effect of Technological Organization on Cost Innovation and Value Creation
Get PDFThis research aims to study the effects of technological organization, management of cost innovation, and value creation. The population in this study was the canned and instant food export companies, which are crucial industries that earn incomes for Thailand. The quantitative research method was carried out using questionnaires sent to all companies (census) with the manufacturing managers as respondents. The survey revealed that these companies had a high level of technological organization, value creation, and cost innovation, except for reducing unnecessary functions at a moderate level because the products need to maintain customer demand; therefore, unnecessary adjustments may not be made. PLS-SEM assesses the reflective and structural models to test the research hypotheses. The findings revealed significant influences among three pairs of constructs: (1) technological organization had a positive effect on cost innovation, (2) cost innovation had a positive effect on value creation, and (3) technological organization had a positive effect on value creation. Thus, this research provides empirical information for the influences among the variables and presents the significance of being a technological organization and the inclusion of cost innovation management, to maintain their business during the COVID-19 pandemic and improve the organizational potential for preparation in future circumstances. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-02-09 Full Text: PD
Attribute Implications and Reverberations of the Japanese Foreign Policy for Technology and Innovation Business in Thailand
Get PDFEconomic growth can be defined by real gross domestic value and international imports and exports supported by technology and innovation. Currently, there are concerns about the level of international technological policy investment, despite having the capability to be macroeconomically and business-valuable. The main objective of this research is to study the attributions in relationships and associations between the policy implications of technological business (PITB) and the effort of technology and innovation acceptance capacity (TIAC), which influence capacity development and foresight to ensure effective Japanese foreign policies. This research has been fully justified through business policy receiving technology and innovation, the potential for technology and innovation adoption (PTIA) and innovation for firm performance (IFP) of Japanese joint venture companies in Thailand was examined. Fifty-seven companies were subjected to the structural equation model testing method. Data collection was conducted by the questionnaire and an in-depth interview with validity and reliability checked under 4 main latent variables: PITB, TIAC, PTIA, and IFP. All processing was performed with the ADANCO 2.2.1 program. The research found that PITB had a positive correlation and directly influenced PTIA and IFP unless it had an inverse correlation to TIAC and the relationship between TIAC and PTIA. It can serve as a guide for how to correctly carry out the principle of creating a new Japan's foreign policy in the future. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-03-09 Full Text: PD