Emerging Science Journal (ESJ)
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Essentialities of Ratifying CED in Thailand: Human Rights amid Covid-19 Pandemic
Get PDFThe Covid-19 pandemic delayed the ratification of several internal laws, reforms, and amendments, especially in developing countries such as Thailand, resulting in limited human rights for the populations. There is a unique violation of human rights inclusive of the right to life, the right not to be tortured, the right to liberty and safety of persons which are very important to international and civil society. This research explores the enforcement measures of the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (CED). Thailand is currently in the process of ratifying its membership in CED. This ratification process will contribute towards Thailand for holding an important position to fulfill its obligations as a State Party member of this Convention. Thailand has been drafting internal laws and regulations to be consistent with the CED to recognize and protect lawful human rights. People must not be forced to disappear because such action is a serious criminal offence that must be punished appropriately under the CED. In addition, the injured persons shall be treated fairly and equally in accordance with the objectives and purpose of CED, and the Member of Parliament (MP) shall legislate and support the enactment in accordance with the Convention's obligations. In accordance with international mechanisms, these measures will further enhance the promotion and protection of Thailand's human rights. Therefore, Thailand should complete the ratification process at the earliest to develop more efficient domestic legal measures and mechanisms. Similarly, ratification would be consistent with Article 16 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which will contribute to security and enhance a peaceful society by providing access to justice to all people in Thailand. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2022-SPER-05 Full Text: PD
Brightness as an Augmentation Technique for Image Classification
Get PDFAugmentation techniques are crucial for accurately training convolution neural networks (CNNs). Therefore, these techniques have become the preprocessing methods. However, not every augmentation technique can be beneficial, especially those that change the image's underlying structure, such as color augmentation techniques. In this study, the effect of eight brightness scales was investigated in the task of classifying a large histopathology dataset. Four state-of-the-art CNNs were used to assess each scale's performance. The use of brightness was not beneficial in all the experiments. Among the different brightness scales, the [0.75–1.00] scale, which closely resembles the original brightness of the images, resulted in the best performance. The use of geometric augmentation yielded better performance than any brightness scale. Moreover, the results indicate that training the CNN without applying any augmentation techniques led to better results than considering brightness augmentation. Therefore, experimental results support the hypothesis that brightness augmentation techniques are not beneficial for image classification using deep-learning models and do not yield any performance gain. Furthermore, brightness augmentation techniques can significantly degrade the model's performance when they are applied with extreme values. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-04-015 Full Text: PD
Digital Disconnection as an Opportunity for the Tourism Business: A Bibliometric Analysis
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to carry out a bibliometric review of the existing research on digital disconnection and Digital Free Tourism (DFT) to discover the extent to which this new trend affects technology users and the tourism market. To do this, a systematic literature review and a bibliometric analysis of the research on digital disconnection contained in the Scopus and Web of Science databases were used. This research includes publications from 2012 to December 2021, which included a total of 37 publications about digital disconnection and digital free tourism in scientific journals indexed in the main scientific databases. The analysis concludes that DFT is a growing economic trend in research and that the phenomenon of digital disconnection is beginning to be a peremptory need for more and more users. This work is original and interesting for researchers specialising in technology addictions, as well as academics and professionals in the tourism sector, because the extensive use of smart devices is becoming a type of addiction in many areas and can be a new opportunity for the tourism market. The DFT phenomenon can improve the response to these types of addictions and be a temporary escape and alternative to technological devices. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-05-013 Full Text: PD
Sustainable Bank Performance Antecedents in the Covid-19 Pandemic Era: A Conceptual Model
Get PDFThe study proposes a conceptual model of sustainable bank performance antecedents in the Covid-19 Pandemic Era. This study uses a qualitative perspective. Data gathering is done using depth interviews with the Indonesian Central Bank, the Authority of Financial Services, and the National Commercial Banks Association members. Using ethnography analysis from interviews, focus group discussions, and previous studies shows that many variables affect the performance. However, the exogenous variable on performance is without precisely placing fintech and regulations as an antecedent. The study results then constructed the fintech and regulations as intervening and moderating variables for the performance, whereas the other variables were as business driver variables. The study's improvement is that fintech and regulations are the main antecedents for the performance during the pandemic. Fintech is not only an entity outside the bank but also an innovation inside the bank. Moreover, the other improvement is that the bank is not only an institution of customer trust but also an institution with a full touch of technology. Consequently, banks must adopt fintech, and cooperating with fintech entities is a wise choice. The study then proposes a conceptual model of sustainable bank performance that connects business drivers, fintech, and regulations. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-04-09 Full Text: PD
Application of Machine Learning Methods for Asset Management on Power Distribution Networks
Get PDFThis study aims to study the different kinds of Machine Learning (ML) models and their working principles for asset management in power networks. Also, it investigates the challenges behind asset management and its maintenance activities. In this review article, Machine Learning (ML) models are analyzed to improve the lifespan of the electrical components based on the maintenance management and assessment planning policies. The articles are categorized according to their purpose: 1) classification, 2) machine learning, and 3) artificial intelligence mechanisms. Moreover, the importance of using ML models for proper decision making based on the asset management plan is illustrated in a detailed manner. In addition to this, a comparative analysis between the ML models is performed, identifying the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques. Then, the challenges and managing operations of the asset management strategies are discussed based on the technical and economic factors. The proper functioning, maintenance and controlling operations of the electric components are key challenging and demanding tasks in the power distribution systems. Typically, asset management plays an essential role in determining the quality and profitability of the elements in the power network. Based on this investigation, the most suitable and optimal machine learning technique can be identified and used for future work. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-04-017 Full Text: PD
Internet of Things (IoT) Utilization to Improve Performance and Productivity of Internal Supply Chain
Get PDFThe inevitable transformations brought about by the rapidly changing Internet of Things (IoT) impact all aspects of life today, including management and businesses. Specifically, areas of businesses depending mainly on internal supply chain capacity are experiencing a paradigm shift to ensure effective company performance regarding purchases, production, company sales, and product distribution. This shift means that challenges faced by the internal chain supply unit can be solved by adopting and adapting IoT as a new way to minimize work delays and save time. Moreover, IoT automatically leads to performance and productivity increases. Therefore, the present paper aims to justify adopting and adapting IoT applications in Indonesian companies, including retail businesses. Most companies' internal supply chain units face several difficulties during and after the devastating peak of COVID-19, which has led to a total global lockdown. These problems' complexity is exponential and requires innovative ways to solve their prevailing challenges. This study used observation, interview, and documentary research methods through a large-scale survey. The survey obtained the necessary information regarding how companies utilize IoT to improve their performance and productivity without hindering their internal supply chain and production units. The study concluded that the adoption of IoT, if well implemented, leads to a sustainable company and uninterrupted supply chain performance, indicating the proper performance of the organization. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-SP1-017 Full Text: PD
Emerging Technological Methods for Effective Farming by Cloud Computing and IoT
Get PDFAgriculture provides a solution to the vast majority of problems that threaten human existence. When it comes to agriculture, new or contemporary technology can have a significant impact on a number of factors, including how much food is produced and how long it stays edible. The application of best management practices, for instance, is very common these days in the quest to improve agriculture. New hybrids are resistant to illnesses, use fewer pesticides, have natural defenses against pests, and may be grown in methods that minimize the number of diseases and pests that can affect them. Plants are capable of producing oxygen and medicines in addition to the food that they provide. Consequently, agriculture depends on plants that are in good health. A plant needs water, sunlight, and crucial fertilizer in order to receive the nutrients it needs to have a healthy plant. So, it is necessary to keep an eye on the health of the plant. The article discusses various technological solutions that can be implemented to automate the plant monitoring system. The Internet of Things and cloud computing are two technologies that are contributing to the development of intelligent technology by supplanting traditional agricultural practices. This clever device checks on the well-being of the plants. In order to enable intelligent agriculture, the technology relies on sensors that are dependent on IoT sensors. These sensors monitor the temperature, soil moisture, intensity of the sun's light, air quality value of the soil, vibration, and humidity in the immediate environment of the plant. The networking of these sensors ensures that the plant will continue to be healthy and will function in the appropriate manner. The findings that have been obtained up to this point are encouraging for the continuance of this strategy, which results in the highest possible profit for farmers. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-05-07 Full Text: PD
Assessment of the Concentration and Structure of the Bioeconomy: The Regional Approach
Get PDFThe bioeconomy is seen as crucial for achieving a climate-neutral Europe by 2050; therefore, it is important to monitor and illustrate the performance and trends of the bioeconomy development not only at state level but also in regions. The research aims to develop a methodology for the identification of bioeconomy concentration and the structure of bioeconomy enterprises at a regional level. The methodology of the research is based on four main steps: (1) defining the framework of bioeconomy enterprises; (2) setting data sources and research limitations; (3) estimating the bio-based share of bioeconomy industries; (4) estimating a location quotient which provide data serving to assess the level of concentration of the factor analysed. The research is based on the analysis of 119 municipalities and 30 387 bioeconomy enterprises by using a location quotient. The research results revealed that the municipalities could be classified into three groups according to the concentration of the bioeconomy. Such a classification of municipalities allowed us to identify the strengths and weaknesses of each municipality in the field of bioeconomy and potential development possibilities. The novelty of the research provides a methodological background for municipal-level monitoring of the bioeconomy and suggestions for improving the uneven development of the bioeconomy. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-01-05 Full Text: PD
Response of Financial Markets to COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review of Literature on Stock Markets
Get PDFThe objective of this research is to consolidate the literature published on the COVID-19 crisis impact on global stock markets to gain managerial implications from the crisis. It performs a thematic bibliometric review of the literature published in Scopus-ranked journals since the beginning of the pandemic using FCWI, Piecharts, and VOSViewer. It identifies the most under-researched regions and eight emerging sub-themes. The research finds that the benchmark theme is market behavior during the COVID-19 crisis, whereas an emerging benchmark theme is the markets after the COVID-19 crisis. The holistic view of the literature supporting eight sub-themes suggests that the government's role is of utmost importance to handle the impact of the COVID-19 crisis, which should be industry-specific. It identifies that all eight sub-themes of the research are the future research directions in all and specifically in the South American, African, South East Asian, and Oceania regions till the crisis continues. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-SPER-03 Full Text: PD
Wind Turbine Blade Dynamics Simulation under the Effect of Atmospheric Turbulence
Get PDFWind energy is one of the fastest growing sources of renewable energy because of its cleanliness and sustainability. Due to the turbulent nature of wind, a wind turbine experiences severe dynamic loading and faces the danger of fatigue failure. In addition, severe blade deflections imply failure by tower strikes. For this reason, the study of blade deflections under different turbulence conditions is of high importance. In this work, a wind turbine's blade is simulated under different turbulent conditions. Four different wind fields are generated with a mean wind velocity of 12 m/s and turbulence intensities of 1, 10, 25, and 50%. The blade deflections are calculated in the out-of-plane and in-plane directions as a time-marching series with different blade azimuth positions. The higher the turbulence intensity, the severer the fluctuations of the deflections around its mean value. For the 50% turbulence intensity, the standard deviation of the out-of-plane deflection is 600% larger than that of the 1% turbulence intensity case. The maximum deflections increase significantly as well. A maximum of 3.78 m of out-of-plane tip deflection leads to the danger of a tower strike. And a positive tip deflection of 0.07 m in the in-plane direction indicates that the blade goes against its natural behavior and against the inertial loads while rotating. Continuous monitoring of wind conditions is a must, to put the turbine on brake in cases of gusts and severe turbulence. In areas of high turbulence, downwind turbines can provide a better alternative to allow blade deflections without the danger of tower strikes. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-01-012 Full Text: PD