Emerging Science Journal (ESJ)
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Estimating Ruin Probability in an Insurance Risk Model Using the Wang-PH Transform Through Claim Simulation
Get PDFThe accurate estimation of ruin probability is a fundamental challenge in non-life insurance, impacting financial stability, risk management strategies, and operational decisions. This study aims to propose an approach for estimating ruin probability using claim simulation enhanced by the Wang-PH transform to fit various loss distributions, including Gamma, Weibull, Lognormal, Log-logistic, Inverse Weibull, and Inverse Gaussian, to actual claim data. Methods involve the transformation of loss distributions via the Wang-PH transform and rigorous evaluation to select the optimal distribution model that best reflects actual claim characteristics. This model serves as the foundation for estimating finite-time ruin probability through claim simulation, employing the acceptance-rejection technique to generate random samples. Additionally, a regression-based methodology estimates the minimum capital reserve required to safeguard against financial risk. Findings indicate the proposed method's computational efficiency, making it a valuable tool for insurers and risk analysts in assessing and mitigating financial risks in the non-life insurance sector. The novelty of this study lies in the integration of the Wang-PH transform with empirical data fitting and simulation techniques, applied to estimating ruin probability and determining capital reserves. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2025-09-01-011 Full Text: PD
Investigating the Effectiveness of Coal-Fired Power Plant Operations: Management, Technical and Air Pollution Aspects
Get PDFCoal-fired energy has been a major part of Malaysia's power supply, causing environmental pollution and slowing sustainable growth. To address these issues, we evaluated a coal-fired power plant's efficiency using a questionnaire completed by industry experts. This study seeks to find factors affecting coal-fired power generation efficiency and create a statistical model. The questionnaire covered five areas: best management practices, technology efficiency, cost efficiency, fuel efficiency, air pollution control, and the best available technique. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to simplify large data sets. The results showed that 15 principal components were valid, with a KMO value of 0.836 (greater than 0.50) and a Bartlett Test value below 0.05. The results show a strong correlation between the best available technique and various indicators: best management practice (r=0.614, p<0.01), technology efficiency (r=0.719, p<0.01), cost efficiency (r=0.529, p<0.05), fuel efficiency (r=0.662, p<0.01), and air pollution control efficiency (r=-0.752, p<0.01). The model indicates that verifying the standard operating procedure (SOP) is crucial for improving power generation efficiency and reducing human error (R²=0.914). This study pinpoints issues reducing power plant efficiency, particularly regarding emissions, and shows that the regression model is strong (R² = 0.916–0.647). It will assist policymakers and researchers in creating sustainable environmental management plans. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2025-09-01-06 Full Text: PD
Mechatronic System Based on Bluetooth Communication with a Mobile Application for Automatic Irrigation in Greenhouses
Get PDFNon-automatic irrigation in greenhouses presents significant disadvantages, such as waste of water and loss of time, although they are highly widespread and low cost. Research highlights the importance of rationally managing and using water through information technologies to improve crop quality, recommending the use of automated irrigation systems, although challenges are faced in the proper integration of electronic devices in agricultural environments. For this reason, it is considered that the use of drip irrigation, the integration of embedded systems with Bluetooth connection, and mobile applications facilitates its use. This paper describes the design and implementation of a prototype mechatronic system to manage greenhouse irrigation, using an embedded system based on a microcontroller. In this case, temperature and humidity sensors are used that control a water pump, monitor environmental factors, and display data in the mobile application connected via Bluetooth, activating the water pump automatically. The results show that the prototype is functional, meets the stated objectives, and proposes improvements related to the range of Bluetooth communication and the implementation of a solar panel for use in areas without electricity supply. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2025-09-01-02 Full Text: PD
Development and Testing of a Patient Outcome Measure for Interprofessional Tuberculosis Care: A Delphi Study
Get PDFBackground: A chronic medical condition such as tuberculosis can be physically and emotionally challenging for both health practitioners and patients and their families. Tuberculosis requires a team-based care model that provides resilience and coordinated work, such as the one offered by an interprofessional collaborative practice team. Despite the increasing interest in interprofessional-based care globally, there is a notable lack of measures to assess patient impact. We aimed to develop a patient outcome measure to quantify the functional impact of interprofessional care on tuberculosis patients. Methods: The study involved four phases: 1) developing a conceptual framework and creating items, 2) evaluating the construct through Delphi studies to obtain international consensus, 3) back-to-back translation into Indonesian, and 4) re-evaluating the construct with Delphi study to obtain Indonesian consensus. The consensus was reached if the Content Validity Index covers at least 70% agreement from experts, an interquartile range <1, and a median score of 4 or 5 on a 5-point Likert-type scale. The COnsensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines were used to assess item relevance, comprehensibility, and comprehensiveness. Results: A total of 65 international and 61 Indonesian participants in the Delphi studies. The final instrument consists of 44 items organized into five domains. All items were relevant to the construct being measured and deemed understandable, and significant concerns related to TB care were comprehensively addressed in the instrument. Conclusion:The findings indicate that the instrument content validity was good, fulfilling COSMIN requirements for items' relevance, comprehensibility, and comprehensiveness. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2025-09-01-08 Full Text: PD
A Comparative Study of Material and Structural Configurations in Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting
Get PDFThe objective of this study is to evaluate the energy harvesting performance of piezoelectric cantilever beams using three configurations”unimorph, bimorph, and stack”with two piezoelectric materials, PZT-5A and PVDF. The methodology involved a detailed analysis of voltage, mechanical power, and electrical power outputs across varying frequencies and load resistances. Experiments were conducted at the resonance frequencies of each beam configuration and material to determine their energy conversion efficiency. The results reveal that PZT-5A significantly outperformed PVDF, with PZT-5A's voltage output being up to 94% higher at resonance. Among the configurations, the bimorph beam with PZT-5A demonstrated the highest energy conversion efficiency, achieving a 50% increase in electrical power output compared to the unimorph configuration and a 9% improvement over the stack configuration. Load resistance analysis also indicated optimal energy harvesting in the range of 104 Ω to 105Ω. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive comparison of different materials and configurations, highlighting the critical role of structural design and material properties in optimizing piezoelectric energy harvesters for low-power applications. These findings provide valuable insights for improving the efficiency of piezoelectric devices in various practical applications. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2025-09-01-019 Full Text: PD
Investigating the Adoption of Metaverse-Based Immersive Learning in TESOL
Get PDFThis study investigates the adoption of Metaverse-based immersive learning in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL), an area that has been understudied and lacks an understanding of factors influencing the acceptance of this digital platform. In contrast to traditional mobile or e-learning, the Metaverse facilitates all sorts of unique immersive experiences including virtual simulations and cultural dialogues that can aid your process for language acquisition and cultural understanding. However, its reception in the field of TESOL is yet to be substantiated through empirical evidence. The present study explores the effects of constructs such as Perceived ease of use (PEU), Perceived usefulness (PUS), Attitude (ATT), Subjective norm (SBN) and Perceived behavioural control (PBC) on students' Intention to Use Metaverse (IUM) in TESOL context. Data collected from 736 university students in Jordan were analyzed using structural equation modelling (SEM) with a combined Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework. Results indicate that in terms of direct effects, PEU strongly influences ATT (β = 0.566) and SBN (β = 0.448), whereas PUS regulates ATT (β = 0.514) and SBN (β= 0.482). Path coefficients for the predictive factors of IUM”ATT, SBN, and PBC were 0.326, 0.641, and 0.516 respectively. A J48 decision tree validated by machine learning was able to predict 91.22% of IUM with good accuracy. The results reveal that Metaverse-based TESOL has gradually become part of student habits despite their limited access to technology. The findings of the study assist in improving TESOL curricula and developing informed policies that recommend immersive language learning. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-SIED1-023 Full Text: PD
An Optimized Hybrid Model for Perishable Product Quality Inference in the Food Supply Chain
Get PDFThe supply chain for perishable products faces significant challenges in monitoring and maintaining product quality. These products are particularly vulnerable to environmental dynamic conditions and variations in distribution and transportation. To address these challenges, leveraging the Internet of Things (IoT) and quality inference techniques during transportation can provide valuable insights for both consumers and producers. The objective of the research is to develop a model for inferring the quality of perishable products using an IoT sensor dataset to monitor perishable product quality continuously. This research applied a hybrid approach combining a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS), clustering models, and genetic algorithms to infer the product quality during supply chain distribution with IoT sensors. The result shows that the hybrid FIS model, which employs Gaussian membership functions and fuzzy c-means clustering for rule generation, achieves a high accuracy with an R²: 0.873. This research contributes to improving the model by employing genetic algorithms in optimizing the inference model by activating only five out of seven rules. The model optimization achieves optimal computation time while aiming to preserve model accuracy. However, test results indicate that the combination of rules has not yet significantly enhanced the model's accuracy, though it holds potential for future development. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2025-09-01-027 Full Text: PD
The Modern University's Mission and Transformation: Addressing Challenges in a Multipolar World
Get PDFIn the modern higher education sphere, universities' ability to adapt has become more vital to their success and longevity. This study investigates the influence of leadership, technological innovation, sociopolitical engagement, skill and curriculum development, institutional collaboration, and governmental regulatory frameworks on university adaptability. Quantitative research was conducted by surveying 980 participants from various institutions in Kazakhstan, Russia, and Spain, using a standardized questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze variable connections. The findings suggest that leadership (β = 0.32, p < 0.001), technological innovation (β = 0.28, p < 0.001), sociopolitical engagement (β = 0.19, p < 0.001), and curriculum and skills development (β = 0.25, p < 0.001) have a substantial positive impact on the adaptability of universities. Furthermore, the mediation analysis demonstrated that institutional collaboration partially mediated the relationship between university adaptability and both leadership (indirect effect = 0.14, p < 0.01) and technological innovation (indirect effect = 0.12, p < 0.01). Additionally, moderation analysis verified that the government regulation framework substantially moderated the effects of leadership (β = 0.15, p = 0.02) and technological innovation (β = 0.10, p = 0.03) on university adaptability. These findings emphasize the importance of new technologies, effective leadership, and institutional collaboration for improving university adaptability. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2025-09-01-022 Full Text: PD
E-Learning Integration and Its Impact on MIS Skill Development and Student Engagement
Get PDFThis paper aims to establish the possibilities of incorporating e-learning in the management information system (MIS) for Omani students' improvements. The first purpose was to establish whether there was a relationship between e-learning integration and MIS skill development; the second purpose was to further test whether student engagement moderated the relationship or acted as a mediator between the two constructs; and the third purpose was to consider whether or not instructor proficiency and institutional support had a moderating effect on this relationship. Participants included 420 students and lecturers from Omani universities. The study also supported H1 and revealed that e-learning integration significantly, though moderately, enhanced student readiness, with a mean increase of 0.141 (p=0.002). The study revealed that student engagement can only partially mediate this relationship, with a regression coefficient of 0.051 and a significance level of 0.001. Yet, the expertise level of the instructor did not emerge as a significant moderator in this relationship (β=-0.027, p=0.292), thus resulting in another rejection of H3. On the other hand, institutional support had a direct positive effect on the readiness of the students for e-learning when integrated in teaching activities, thus supporting H4 (β=0.071, p=0.05). The R-square change (∆R² = 0.005) indicates that the use of moderators increases explained variance by a small extent. The following findings can assist policymakers and educators in improving MIS education in Oman by leveraging institutional support for e-learning to enhance skills. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-SIED1-025 Full Text: PD
Conceptual Research Model of Metropolis Residents’ Pro-Environmental Behavior
No full textThe study develops a conceptual research model of demonstration of pro-environmental behavior (PEB) patterns of individuals living in the metropolis. This study aims to determine the impact of several factors (education, age, income, labor status, and individual’s social surroundings) on the PEB of metropolis residents and identify triggers that influence the activation of PEB. An online survey was conducted using the CAWI method on a quota sample of 1,502 respondents living in the metropolis of Moscow. The research hypotheses were tested using descriptive statistics, variance analysis and appropriate visualization tools. The study analyzed 28 patterns of PEB. It was found that people with higher education tend to exhibit a wide range of pro-environmental behavior types. Young people will be more active in a variety of PEB patterns, with the youngest (18–19-year-old group) showing the largest number of patterns 17 out of 28. People with above-average and average income are more actively engaged in PEB. Individual pro-environmental behavior depends most strongly on the pro-environmental behavior of individual’s social surroundings. The novelty of this study lies in identifying differences in the manifestation of metropolis residents’ pro-environmental behavior related to the purchase of goods, disposal of consumer waste, and their transport behavior