Emerging Science Journal (ESJ)
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The Dual Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility and Digitalization on Bank Financial Stability Efficiency
Get PDFThis study investigates the joint effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and digitalization on the financial stability efficiency of banks in Vietnam from 2010 to 2022. We construct a CSR index using principal component analysis and employ a one-step stochastic frontier analysis to compute bank stability efficiency based on a forward-looking Z-score. The relationship between CSR, its components, and bank stability efficiency is derived simultaneously through the stable stochastic frontier estimation. Findings reveal a U-shaped relationship between CSR and financial stability efficiency. While CSR investments may initially increase bank instability, aligning with the trade-off theory, they enhance long-term stability. Results underscore that bank managers and board members must commit to CSR initiatives, as the benefits materialize over time. Additionally, this study highlights the moderating role of digitalization, demonstrating that advancements in information technology strengthen the positive relationship between CSR and financial stability efficiency. Further analyses confirm the robustness of findings across state-owned and listed banks and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research contributes novel insights by integrating CSR, digitalization, and financial stability efficiency, providing actionable strategies for banking sector policymakers and practitioners. The study emphasizes the strategic importance of balancing short-term trade-offs with long-term gains through CSR implementation and leveraging technology to ensure sustainable financial stability
CFD Analysis of Heat Exchanger Effectiveness and LMTD with Varying Pipe Length
Get PDFThis paper presents a new numerical analysis for 2D heat exchanger (HE) model by employing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to analyze the impact of pipe length on the efficiency and the Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) of parallel and counterflow double-pipe heat exchangers while maintaining constant flow rates, inlet temperatures, and fluid properties. The findings demonstrate that heat exchanger efficiency and LMTD in both the parallel and counter-flow HEs are significantly influenced by pipe length, with longer heat exchangers improving heat transfer effectiveness by allowing more time for thermal exchange, larger heat exchange surface area, and achieving a more uniform temperature distribution. Counterflow heat exchangers also showed higher efficiencies at all lengths than parallel flow heat exchangers due to the larger temperature difference between the fluids. These insights are particularly valuable for engineers and designers seeking to optimize heat exchanger configurations for industrial applications, where enhancing heat transfer efficiency and minimizing energy losses are critical for cost-effective and sustainable thermal management systems
Defining the Determinants of Corporate Financial Performance: A Machine Learning Approach
No full textThis study investigates the determinants of corporate financial performance (CFP) among Russian enterprises (2012–2023) through the lens of geopolitical disruptions, employing ensemble machine learning (ML) to address methodological gaps in modeling non-linear institutional interactions. Using data from 25 large non-financial firms, we analyze sectoral, organizational, and strategic drivers, integrating train-test splits (75%/25%) and 10-fold cross-validation to mitigate overfitting. Results reveal that industry affiliation, initially dominant (28% explanatory power pre-2022), declined sharply post-sanctions (15%), reflecting vulnerabilities in globally integrated sectors like manufacturing and extractives. Organizational size exhibited a nonlinear relationship with CFP, favoring comparatively smaller firms’ agility over larger enterprises’ rigidity, consistent with transaction cost economics. Strategic investments in corporate social responsibility (CSR) and research and development (R&D) diminished post-2022 as firms prioritized liquidity and operational stability, aligning with resource-based view principles. Methodologically, Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) clarified threshold effects in CSR returns and innovation’s reduced role under sanctions. The study innovates by applying ensemble machine learning to sanction-affected emerging markets, challenging linear econometric assumptions and advancing institutional theory through a crisis-contextualized framework of resource dependence and stakeholder salience. Findings underscore the fragility of intangible assets under systemic shocks and advocate adaptive resource allocation frameworks to balance short-term survival with long-term resilience. This work provides policymakers and managers actionable insights for fostering operational agility and strategic foresight in volatile institutional environments
Enhancing Student Motivation and Competencies: Integrating E-Learning, Technological Literacy, and Cultural Alignment
Get PDFThis study explores the integration of open innovation in education with a focus on technology and cultural aspects, aiming to foster improvements in educational management and policy within Oman learning environments. The research investigates the relationships between technological literacy (TL), cultural compatibility (CC), human face-to-face communication methods (HFtFCM), and student motivation and engagement (SMaE). A survey was conducted among 1,436 Oman students, and the data were analyzed using partial least squares and structural equation modeling to assess the moderating effects of TL and CC on these relationships. Results indicate that incorporating TL and CC as moderators significantly strengthens the mediation framework, enhancing the connection between HFtFCM and student perception of communication effectiveness (SPoCE). Specifically, the p-value decreased from 0.11 to 0.005, highlighting increased statistical significance, and the path from HFtFCM to SPoCE to SMaE improved from -0.051 to 0.071, demonstrating a stronger mediation effect. Conversely, the indirect effect from Technology-Based Communication Methods (TBCM) to SPoCE to SMaE decreased from 0.047 to 0.008. Additionally, notable paths such as TL → SPoCE and CC → SPoCE emerged, illustrating the enhanced explanatory power of these moderators. Conclusion: These findings underscore the potential of TL and CC to elevate student engagement and communication effectiveness, offering valuable insights for educational policy development and leadership programs. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2025-09-01-025 Full Text: PD
Decoding User Intentions Towards AI Chatbot Services Under the Impact of Social Influences
No full textArtificial intelligence chatbot services (AICSs) have become more popular than ever in the current scenario despite much debate about their positives and negatives. This study aims to explore the links between social influences (SIs) related to community views, opinions, and the environment that affects individuals' transformation of their hedonic motivation (HM) and expectations (CEs), shedding light on their intention to continue using AICSs. Via a deductive approach and mixed methods, a cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the measurement and structural models with the participation of 332 university students in South Vietnam through an online survey (using Google Forms). Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was applied in this study. Research findings show that social influence (SIs) have positive impacts on HM, CEs (including performance and effort expectations), and behavioural intention toward AICS usage (BI). CEs and HM play intermediary roles in the relationship between SIs and BI. Notably, customer habit (HBT) has adverse moderating effects on relationships such as “SI and CEs” and “HM and BI,” clarifying customer experience about their intention to continue using AICSs in the current context. As a result, the research findings are expected to provide significant theoretical and practical implications for AI service managers and developers
AI-Based Architecture and Distributed Processing for the Detection and Mitigation of Spoofing Attacks in IoT Networks
No full textThe exponential increase in IoT devices within industrial networks has heightened their exposure to cyberattacks, with spoofing attacks posing one of the most critical threats. These attacks exploit communication vulnerabilities, enabling malicious entities to manipulate network traffic and impersonate legitimate devices, compromising system integrity and security. This study aims to develop an AI-driven detection and mitigation system to enhance IoT network security against spoofing attacks. The proposed approach integrates Convolutional Neural Networks with a distributed processing architecture based on Edge nodes, enabling real-time anomaly detection while reducing computational overhead on central servers. The system was tested in four simulated industrial scenarios involving up to 1,000 IoT devices and multiple concurrent attacks to validate its effectiveness. The evaluation included detection accuracy, response time, and system scalability metrics. Results indicate a detection rate of up to 95% under optimal conditions and 88% in high-density environments. Detection and response times ranged from 150 ms to 220 ms and 300 ms to 450 ms, respectively. Additionally, 97% of compromised devices were successfully isolated, with a false positive rate between 3% and 6%. This study introduces a scalable and adaptive AI-based framework, surpassing traditional machine learning techniques in accuracy, efficiency, and real-time applicability for industrial IoT security
Factors Influencing the Perception of Corruption in the Countries of the European Union
Get PDFObjectives: The European Union regularly publishes reports on corruption as part of its Eurobarometer surveys. These report on the opinions of European citizens regarding corruption and the presence of corruption they perceive. Based on survey data from 2008-2022, this study examines the perception of corruption in EU member states. Methods: As a method, the authors use statistical tests. They examine the differences between geographical regions and created country clusters to examine the effect of geographical location on the perception of corruption. They managed to show a difference between north and south. Findings: Based on the results, the role of the cultural and historical background is the most significant in the perception of corruption. Other influences, such as democratization, play a role in shaping opinions. However, the impact of the anti-corruption fight is evaluated independently of the region. It is also a common opinion that corruption cannot be eradicated. Novelty: This study provides a structured approach to analysing corruption perception across regions, emphasizing statistical validation. The findings contribute to understanding the persistence of corruption perception and highlight key influencing factors
Effective Mechanisms of State-Legal Regulation in Higher Education: Analysis and Implementation Framework
No full textThis study analyzes how state-legal control has fostered higher education in Kazakhstan using the best legal techniques from the US, UK, Germany, and France. Kazakhstan needs strong legislative power, economic accountability, institutional independence, and academic freedom to develop its university system and compete globally. The study aims to establish a state-legal regulating structure for Kazakhstan's universities using global best practices. The study used panel data from 2000 to 2023 using the ARDL approach to assess the long-term and short-term effects of legislative and policy issues on higher education quality. The Pedroni residual cointegration test confirms long-run equilibrium relationships between variables, and robust least squares regression analyzes country-specific effects. The panel ARDL found that firm legal control, public education spending, research and development, and student mobility improve higher education quality. However, university autonomy has varied effects in the long run. Short-term academic independence hurts education quality, but student mobility is desirable. Results show that public education investment and student mobility increase higher education in Kazakhstan, but academic freedom diminishes it. US education quality is improved by strict legislative oversight but lowered by public education funding and university autonomy. This study developed the LEGAF-EDU (Legal, Governance, Autonomy, and Funding for Higher Education Development) Framework, a transformative model for Kazakhstan's regulatory concerns. This strategy combines legislative monitoring with institutional autonomy to create a stable, flexible government that assures high-quality education and holds the state accountable. The study advances legislation and policy by proposing an evidence-based higher education reform for Kazakhstan
Legal Policy Applications for Enhancing the Quality of Public Administrative Services
Get PDFVietnam is now focused on market economic growth and administrative reform. This involves organizing and administering society via legal institutions and meeting the fundamental requirements of the people by providing public administrative services. In addition, the execution of public administrative services is a vital and indispensable responsibility for government agencies, as well as for the citizens. Hence, the objective of the research is to investigate the primary factors that influence the public administration service quality in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The author employed both qualitative and quantitative methodologies to examine data obtained from a survey sample of 900 individuals. The study focused on assessing the public administration service quality in nine districts of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. In addition, the study included descriptive statistical techniques such as calculating the mean and standard deviation. Furthermore, it utilized structural equation modeling with the assistance of SPSS 20.0 and Amos software. The article identifies eight crucial factors that influence the public administrative service quality and have an impact on people's satisfaction with these services. The primary factors clearly list the factors analyzed, such as reliability, empathy, responsiveness, competence, tangibles, legal regulations and policies, technology application, and management capacity. The study's originality enables policymakers and public service managers to utilize the findings in order to improve the public administration service quality and boost people's satisfaction. There are several suggested legal policy applications aimed at achieving equal quality in public administrative services. These policy recommendations prioritize investment in technology applications, improving management capacity, and updating legal regulations and policies to increase awareness across society and create favorable conditions for businesses and individuals. This novelty will facilitate the implementation of administrative procedures through online public services to develop e-government. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2025-09-02-020 Full Text: PD
Development of Rye-Wheat Bread Containing Flaxseed Flour and Rice Husk Dietary Fiber
No full textThe study aims to improve the nutritional and biological value of rye-wheat bread by incorporating defatted flaxseed flour and dietary fiber from rice husks. Conducted in two stages, the research first introduced defatted flaxseed flour into bread formulations at 5–20% of wheat flour weight. In the second stage, rice husk-derived dietary fibers were added in powdered form at 0.3–0.7% of the total rye-wheat flour mass. The effects of these additives on dough's physicochemical and rheological properties were analyzed. Results indicated that adding flaxseed flour and dietary fibers produced medium-strength dough, ensuring adequate bread volume. Optimal dosages were identified as 15% flaxseed flour (to wheat flour weight) and 0.5% dietary fiber (to rye-wheat flour mass). The study also proposed technological modes to enhance consumer properties of the bread. The research demonstrated increased nutritional value, with a 39.7% rise in protein content, a 2.8-fold fiber increase, higher levels of minerals, and significant vitamin boosts (C: +0.375 mg/100 g; E: +3.55 mg/100 g). A 15.4% reduction in carbohydrates was also noted. Additionally, the additives improved gas-holding capacity, crumb structure, and moisture retention, reducing staling and extending shelf life