European Scientific Journal (European Scientific Institute)
Not a member yet
14481 research outputs found
Sort by
Typologie des exploitations rizicoles dans une zone enclavée du sud-est de la RDC : Approche par classification ascendante hiérarchique à Bunkeya
Get PDFL’étude menée à Bunkeya, cité rurale du territoire de Lubudi (Lualaba, RDC), visait à caractériser la diversité des systèmes rizicoles et à identifier les facteurs expliquant leur hétérogénéité. Cette zone, historiquement marquée par le royaume de M’Siri, offre aujourd’hui des conditions naturelles favorables à l’agriculture. Une approche méthodologique mixte a été adoptée, combinant analyse en composantes principales (ACP), classification ascendante hiérarchique (CAH) et régression logistique. L’ACP a mis en évidence l’ancienneté dans la riziculture, la superficie cultivée, l’accès aux intrants et les revenus agricoles comme principaux facteurs de différenciation. Trois types d’exploitations ont été identifiés : un groupe de subsistance à faibles intrants, un groupe intermédiaire, et un groupe performant, mieux organisé et plus rentable. L’analyse des facteurs explicatifs a révélé quatre variables déterminantes : le niveau d’instruction, l’ancienneté dans l’activité, le système cultural utilisé, et l’accès au crédit, ce dernier jouant un rôle clé dans l’intensification des systèmes agricoles.
The study conducted in Bunkeya, a rural town in the Lubudi territory (Lualaba, DRC), aimed to characterize the diversity of rice farming systems and identify the factors explaining their heterogeneity. This area, historically marked by the kingdom of M’Siri, now offers natural conditions favorable to agriculture. A mixed methodological approach was adopted, combining Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Hierarchical Ascendant Classification (HAC), and logistic regression. The PCA highlighted key differentiating factors such as experience in rice farming, cultivated area, access to inputs, and agricultural income. Three types of farms were identified: a subsistence group with low input use, an intermediate group, and a high-performing group that is better organized and more profitable. The analysis of explanatory variables revealed four major determinants: the education level of the farm head, years of experience in rice farming, the cropping system used, and access to credit, the last factor playing a central role in the intensification of agricultural systems
Caractérisation des adventices majeures des vergers de l’anacardier (Anacardium occidentale L) dans deux zones agroécologiques de Côte d’Ivoire
Get PDFL’étude a pour d’objectif d’identifier les adventices majeures de la culture de l’anacarde dans deux zones agroécologiques de production de la noix de cajou en Côte d’Ivoire. À cet effet, des relevés floristiques ont été réalisés sous les différentes couronnes par la méthode de surface. Au total, 469 espèces ont été inventoriées appartenant à 286 genres et 76 familles. Dans la zone soudanaise 338 espèces reparties à 224 genres appartenant à 65 familles ont été répertoriées et 364 espèces reparties à 211 genres et 66 familles ont été inventoriées dans la zone guinéenne. Dans ces deux zones agroécologiques, les familles plus diversifiées sont : les Leguminosae, les Poaceae, les Compositae, les Malvacea, les Rubiaceae, les Cyperaceae, les Combretaceae, les Lamiaceae et les Convolvulaceae. Les Dicotylédones sont les plus représentés par rapport aux Monocotylédones. Les adventices les plus agressives dans toutes les zones ont été Chromoleana odorata, Ageratum conyzoides, Croton hirtus. Centrosema pubescens, Euphorbia heterophylla, Ficus sur et Imperata cylindrica. Dans chaque zone, certaines espèces ont montré un effet nuisible plus élevées.
The aim of this study was to identify the major cashew nut cultivation weeds in two agro-ecological zones of cashew nut production in Côte d'Ivoire. To this end, floristic surveys were carried out under the different crowns using the surface method. A total of 469 species were inventoried, belonging to 286 genera and 76 families. In the Sudan zone, 338 species belonging to 224 genera and 65 families were recorded, while 364 species belonging to 211 genera and 66 families were inventoried in the Guinean zone. In both agro-ecological zones, the most diverse families are Leguminosae, Poaceae, Compositae, Malvacea, Rubiaceae, Cyperaceae, Combretaceae, Lamiaceae, and Convolvulaceae. Dicotyledons are more represented than Monocotyledons. The most aggressive weeds in all zones were Chromoleana odorata, Ageratum conyzoides, Croton hirtus. Centrosema pubescens, Euphorbia heterophylla, Ficus sur, and Imperata cylindrica. In each zone, some species showed a higher damaging effect
Diversité et activités des termites terricoles dans le jardin botanique Stanislas Lisowski de la Faculté des Sciences de l’Université de Kisangani, République Démocratique du Congo
Get PDFLes termites sont l'une des composantes les plus importantes de la macrofaune des sols africain. Considérés comme les ingénieurs de l'écosystème, ils construisent des monticules remarquables appelées termitières dans les écosystèmes naturels. De juin à septembre 2022, les investigations ont été menées pour suivre l'évolution et l’activité écologique des termites du jardin botanique Stanislas Lisowski de l’université de Kisangani, RD Congo. Ce jardin a été divisé en 4 quadrats. Après l’observation systématique de chaque termitière, 10 individus de la caste des soldats de chaque termitière ont étés collectés et identifiés , l’identification de l'espèce d'arbre sur laquelle la termitière était attachée, et, le prélèvement d’une partie de la termitière pour les analyses physico-chimiques et granulométriques. Les résultats ont révélés 78 termitières avec 55 (70,5%) actives contre 23 (29,5%) éteintes. Un total de 2 familles (les Termitidae et les Rhinotermitidae) et 4 sous familles (Macrotermitinae, Termitinae, Rhinotermitinae et Cubitermitinae) ont été identifiées. Les Familles des Termitidae et Rhinotermitidae étaient représentées respectivement par 6 et 1 genres. La disposition des termitières était liée au type d’arbre. Ainsi, 5 genres de Termites avaient des nids adossés au pied des arbres appartenant à 8 espèces regroupées en 5 familles. Les Macrotermes étaient adossés sur trois espèces d’arbre (Ficus recurvata, Pseudospondias microcarpa et Allophylus africanus) ; les Promirotermes sur deux (Borassus aethiopium et Ficus recurvata) ; les Rhinotermes sur deux (Pachyelasma tessmanii et Tetrorchidium didymostemon) les Cubitermes sur Arenga pinnata et les Malaysiocapritermes sur Terminalia superba. Les sols des termitières ont présenté un pH légèrement acide à neutre, soit 6,5 pour les Macrotermes et Promirotermes et 7,1 pour Malaysiocapritermes. La Texture du sol des termitières a été complètement modifiée et les proportions de sable, de limon et d’argile varient avec les genres de termites.
Termites are one of the most important components of African soil macrofauna. Considered ecosystem engineers, they built remarkable structures, termite mounds, in many natural ecosystems. From June to September 2022, investigations were done to assess the entomofauna evolution of ground-dwelling termites and their activity in the Botanical gardens of Stanislas Lisowski of the University of Kisangani in RD Congo. The garden was divided into 4 quadrats. After a Systematic search, 10 individuals of the soldier caste were collected from each termite mound for identification purposes. The tree species on which the termite mounds were attached were identified, and part of the ground was collected for physicochemical and granulometry analyses. Results reveal 78 termite mounds in the study area, divided into two states: the active ones accounted for 55 (70.5%) of the mounds inspected, against 23 (29.5%) for the extinct ones. A total of 2 families (the Termitidae and the Rhinotermitidae); 4 subfamilies: Macrotermitinae, Termitinae, Rhinotermitinae, and Cubitermitinae were found. The Family Termitidae was represented by 6 genera and 1 genus. The termites' mounds distribution was related to the type of tree. Of the 7 genera of identified Termites, 5 had nests attached to the trunk of the trees. That is a total of 8 vegetable species gathered in 5 families. In the garden, Macrotermes were found on three species of trees: Ficus recurvata, Pseudospondias microcarpa and Allophylus africanus; Promirotermes attached to Borassus aethiopium and Ficus recurvata; Rhinotermes attached to Pachyelasma tessmanii, Tetrorchidium didymostemon; Malaysiocapritermes attached to Terminalia superba. Soils of termite mounds present a pH slightly acidic to neutral. That is 6.5 for Macrotermes and Promirotermes, and 7.1 for Malaysiocapritermes. The soil Texture, sand, silt, and clay were completely modified from one termite genus to another
AI and Cyber-Enabled Threats to Democracy through Algorithmic Manipulation and Generative AI in Undermining Democratic Integrity
Get PDFThe increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into digital platforms has escalated threats to democratic integrity worldwide, primarily through algorithmic manipulation, generative AI technologies, and large language models (LLMs). This study comprehensively investigates how these advanced technologies are systematically leveraged by state and non-state actors to destabilise democracies. The paper scrutinises empirical cases from the United States, European Union, India, Türkiye, Argentina, and Taiwan, analysing the operational mechanisms and socio-political implications of AI-driven disinformation. Findings demonstrate how generative AI, deepfake technologies, and sophisticated behavioural targeting exacerbate polarisation, weaken institutional trust, and distort electoral processes. Despite the growing prevalence of such cyber-enabled interference, regulatory and institutional responses remain fragmented and inadequate. Consequently, this research culminates in proposing a robust strategic implementation framework, emphasising platform transparency, regulatory innovation, technological safeguards, and civic resilience measures. This framework provides actionable guidance for safeguarding democratic integrity amid evolving AI threats
Anomaly Detection in Portal System Networks: A Hybrid EMLOA-OCSVM Approach and Review of Challenges
Get PDFPortal system networks are vital for education, governance, and corporate operations, but face growing risks from evolving cyber threats. This study proposes a hybrid anomaly detection framework that combines the Enhanced Modified Lion Optimization Algorithm (EMLOA) with One-Class Support Vector Machines (OCSVM) to enhance threat detection in such environments. Unlike traditional rule-based or statistical methods, which lack adaptability, or conventional machine learning techniques that demand extensive labeled data and computational power, the EMLOA-OCSVM model achieves high accuracy (99.9%), low training latency (3.05 seconds), and scalability in dynamic settings. The framework employs a sigmoid function-based strategy to dynamically optimize hyperparameters (γ and ν), enhancing convergence speed and detection performance. Evaluations using the UNSW-NB15 dataset (reflecting modern attack patterns) and real-world logs from Lagos State University of Education (LASUED) demonstrate the model’s practical relevance. Key innovations include dynamic threshold tuning and improved interpretability, reducing false positives without sacrificing efficiency. Robust performance is confirmed through accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and ROC-AUC metrics. Future research should prioritize lightweight, explainable hybrid models capable of countering advanced threats while maintaining system performance
Analyse des actions publiques d’identification et de la persistance du risque d’apatridie dans le Département de Téhini (Côte d’Ivoire)
Get PDFDans les États modernes, les documents d’identité sont essentiels pour accéder à des droits fondamentaux. En Côte d’Ivoire, la fin de la crise post-électorale de 2010, a été marquée par une volonté des nouvelles autorités de répondre à la question identitaire, longtemps source de tensions dans le pays. Dans cette perspective, l’Etat, parfois appuyé par des partenaires au développement, a mis en œuvre diverses mesures visant à faciliter l’accès des populations aux documents d’identité. Toutefois, une étude de cartographie réalisée en 2019 révèle que le département de Téhini enregistre le taux le plus élevé de personnes à risque d’apatridie en Côte d’Ivoire, avec 15 884 personnes concernées, représentant environ 36,14% de la population locale. A partir d’approche qualitative combinant observation, recherche documentaire et analyse thématique d’entretiens transcrits, cette étude analyse les mécanismes expliquant la persistance d’une citoyenneté locale dépourvue de documents d’identité juridique dans ce département. Les résultats montrent que la faiblesse des actions publiques de lutte contre le risque d’apatridie, l’asymétrie d’information sur les procédures d’audience foraine et la marginalisation territoriale dans la mise en œuvre des dispositifs d’identification contribuent à entretenir cette situation.
In modern states, identity documents are essential for accessing fundamental rights. In Côte d'Ivoire, the end of the 2010 post-election crisis was marked by a desire by the new authorities to address the identity issue, a long-standing source of tension in the country. With this in mind, the state, sometimes supported by development partners, has implemented various measures aimed at facilitating access to identity documents for the population. However, a mapping study conducted in 2019 reveals that the department of Téhini has the highest rate of people at risk of statelessness in Côte d'Ivoire, with 15,884 people affected, representing approximately 36.14% of the local population. Using a qualitative approach combining observation, documentary research, and thematic analysis of transcribed interviews, this study analyzes the mechanisms explaining the persistence of local citizenship lacking legal identity documents in this department. The results show that the weakness of public actions to combat the risk of statelessness, the asymmetry of information on mobile court procedures and territorial marginalization in the implementation of identification systems contribute to maintaining this situation
Omnichannel Integration and Performance of Large-Scale Retail Stores in Nairobi City County, Kenya
Get PDFThe changes in the retailing industry have led to the emergence of omnichannel retailing, which has disrupted conventional retailing. The primary objective was to investigate the impact of omnichannel retailing on the performance of large-scale stores. The specific objective of the study was to examine the effects of omnichannel integration on the performance of large-scale retail stores in Nairobi, Kenya. This study was anchored on the Resource-Based View theory and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. The study employed a cross-sectional design using descriptive and explanatory research designs. The large-scale retail stores were the unit of analysis, while the heads of the marketing, IT, finance, and operations departments served as the units of observation. The questionnaires were distributed through drop-and-pick and online circulation. The pilot testing was conducted on questionnaires before data collection. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, and a 0.7 level was considered reliable, where the variables in the study were higher than the cut-off. The correlation analysis was determined using Pearson's correlation coefficients. The study analyzed the impact of omnichannel integration on the performance of large-scale retail stores through Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression. Content analysis was used to extract meaning and make inferences from qualitative data. For hypothesis testing, the study used P-values and a 5% significance level to assess significance. The finding indicated (p= 0.001 < 0.05) a significance level and coefficient of 0.772, implying that an increase in omnichannel integration, holding all other variables constant at zero, results in a 0.772 increase in the performance of large-scale retail stores. The results of this study showed that omnichannel integration significantly affects the performance of large retail stores
A Resource-Based View of Human Capital and Performance in Deposit-Taking Saccos in Kirinyaga County, Kenya
Get PDFDeposit-taking savings and credit cooperative societies (SACCOs) in Kirinyaga County continue to grapple with challenges such as low profitability, high staff turnover, and limited technological adoption, factors that undermine their financial sustainability and operational efficiency. This study applies the Resource-Based View (RBV) to examine the relationship between human capital and the performance of these SACCOs. A descriptive research design was adopted, combining both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires administered to SACCO managers and employees, alongside secondary data from financial reports. Ten SACCOs were purposively selected for analysis, and statistical techniques were employed to assess the influence of internal resources on performance outcomes. The findings indicate that while human capital, particularly well-trained and experienced staff, is recognized as a valuable resource, its practical impact on performance is often constrained by inconsistencies in human resource practices. The study concludes that strategic investment in human capital is essential but must be accompanied by coherent policies in recruitment, training, motivation, and performance management to yield sustainable benefits. By highlighting the centrality of human resources within the RBV framework, the study offers actionable insights for SACCOs seeking to enhance operational efficiency, strengthen competitive advantage, and contribute more effectively to regional economic development
Counseling Sensible au Genre et Autonomisation Identitaire des Survivant(e)s de Violences au Nord du Cameroun
Get PDFLe counseling sensible au genre est une stratégie d’intervention éducative qui intègre une conscience critique des normes de genre, des inégalités structurelles et des vécus différenciés selon le genre dans le processus d’accompagnement psychologique. Dans son objectif de reconnaître l’influence des stéréotypes et des violences liées au genre sur la santé mentale, il participe à un processus d’autonomisation des individus par la déconstruction des rapports de pouvoir internalisés. Cette étude observe l’impact de ce counseling sur l’autonomisation identitaire des survivant(e)s de violences, notamment en termes de reconstruction de soi, de renforcement de l’agentivité et de transformation des perceptions genrées. Elle utilise un design méthodologique mixte, combinant un questionnaire administré aléatoirement à 150 lycéens et des entretiens semi – structurés menés par choix raisonné auprès de 6 élèves et 6 Conseillers d’orientation issus de 3 autres lycées de la région du Nord (Cameroun). Les résultats analysés suggèrent que le counselling sensible au genre aide les survivant(e)s de violences à se reconstruire, à reprendre confiance en eux/elles, à faire leurs propres choix et à remettre en question les rôles de genre, même si ce dernier point reste difficile sans soutien extérieur. Les écoles devraient intégrer une éducation sensible au genre pour encourager le respect, l’égalité et la réflexion sur les rôles traditionnels. Pour être pertinente, cette éducation doit s’adapter aux réalités culturelles locales.
Gender – sensitive counselling is an educational intervention strategy that integrates a critical awareness of gender norms, structural inequalities, and gender – differentiated experiences into the counselling process. Its aim is to recognise the influence of gender stereotypes and violence on mental health, and to help empower individuals by deconstructing internalised power relationships. This study looks at the impact of this counselling on the empowerment of survivors of violence, particularly in terms of self – self-reconstruction, empowerment, and the transformation of gendered perceptions. It uses a mixed methodological design, combining a questionnaire administered randomly to 150 high school students and semi-structured interviews conducted by reasoned choice with 6 students and 6 guidance counsellors from 3 other high schools in the North region (Cameroon). The results analysed suggest that gender – sensitive counselling helps survivors of violence to rebuild their lives, regain self–confidence, make their own choices, and question gender roles, although the latter remains difficult without external support. Schools should incorporate gender – sensitive education to encourage respect, equality, and reflection on traditional roles. To be relevant, this education must be adapted to local cultural realities
The Acceptance of Relevant Market in Moroccan and European Competition Law: Origins and Evolution
Get PDFThe assessment of barriers to market access requires, first and foremost, the implementation of an approach that views any infringement of equal opportunities between firms as a restriction on free competition. Such an approach, which is likely to contribute to preserving equality in competition and even encouraging dynamic competition between market players, remains dependent on the interest shown in the legal implementation of the definition of the relevant market itself. This research aims to establish a conceptualization of the legal criteria that promote the organization of competitive inflows within the market. In pursuing this goal, we will draw upon the definition of the relevant market according to Moroccan and European legal standards, which are the subjects of our research. Consequently, in order to reach this target, it is imperative to focus on a totalizing approach, enabling us to grasp the origins of the relevant market, to gauge and foresee its implementation, especially in accordance with economic thought and law