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The Mediating Role of Organizational Culture in the Relationship Between Corporate Sustainability and Financial Performance in the Iraqi Banking Sector
Get PDFThe study aimed examine how organizational culture mediate the effects of corporate sustainability on financial performance. The study population was managerial employees of Iraqi commercial banks. Data was gathered between March and May of 2025, a period of two months. 2,713 managers and department heads made up the entire population, as described in Chapter Three. A random sampling technique was used to guarantee representativeness. The minimum sample size needed for this population, was 337 respondents. 337 surveys were sent out in order to accomplish this. Following a thorough review, 328 questionnaires were deemed valid and added to the analysis; Table 4.1 displays the effective response rate, which was approximately 97.33%.
The study revealed that organizational culture serves as a partial mediator in the relationship between corporate sustainability and financial performance within Iraqi banks. This finding aligns with the broader literature emphasizing the role of internal organizational dynamics in shaping the effectiveness of sustainability initiatives. The study recommended expand beyond the banking sector to include other industries. Since this research focused solely on Iraqi commercial banks, it would be valuable to investigate whether the observed relationships between corporate sustainability, organizational culture, and financial performance also apply to sectors such as manufacturing, telecommunications, or healthcare
Fondements et contraintes de la non accession de la femme à la terre dans un système matrilinéaire
Get PDFLa condition de la femme rurale dans l’accès au foncier reste jusqu’à ce jour problématique. Dans les zones rurales pour la plupart, les femmes n’ont pas droit au foncier aussi bien dans sa famille que dans celle de son époux. La femme constitue pourtant un maillon dans le développement aussi bien au niveau de la micro-économie (la cellule familiale) que de la macro économie (au plan national). Comment la femme peut-elle contribuer efficacement au développement du pays si elle n’a pas droit à la terre ?
Cette étude a pour objectif d’analyser les fondements culturels et les contraintes de la non-accession de la femme au foncier en milieu rural, malgré son rôle dans l’économie nationale. Pour se faire, une enquête de terrain a été réalisée dans le village de Assé dans la sous-préfecture de Bonoua. Dans une démarche qualitative à travers les entretiens semi-directifs individuels, l’étude révèle que la non-accession des femmes de Assé à la terre trouve son fondement dans les faits historiques gouvernant le peuple abouré et son système successoral mais également à des contraintes socio-culturelles autour du droit au foncier.
The situation of rural women regarding access to land remains problematic to this day. In most rural areas, women do not have the right to land, either within their own family or their husband's. Yet, women are a crucial link in development, both at the microeconomic level (the family unit) and at the macroeconomic level (the national level). How can women contribute effectively to the country's development if they do not have the right to land?
This study aims to analyze the cultural foundations and constraints preventing women from accessing land in rural areas, despite their role in the national economy. To this end, fieldwork was conducted in the village of Assé, in the sub-prefecture of Bonoua. Using a qualitative approach through individual semi-structured interviews, the study reveals that the lack of land access for women in Assé is rooted in the historical circumstances governing the Abouré people and their inheritance system, as well as in socio-cultural constraints surrounding land rights
From Integration to Resilience: Rethinking Euro-Atlanticism in the Post-Ukraine European Order
Get PDFThe Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 reshaped European strategy, throwing back into the limelight questions over the character of Euro-Atlantic integration. For smaller states in particular, the post-Ukraine environment shows not just possibilities but also limitations to being joined together in a fight against external aggressor. The article argues that Euro-Atlanticism is transforming from a model focused on integrated institutions to one that stresses resilience-the ability of states and alliances to absorb shocks; adapt to a hybrid kind of threat; remain cohesive amid geopolitical uncertainty. Focusing on NATO and EU post-2022 evolution, it examines the way small states, particularly in the Western Balkans, manoeuvre the new balance between dependence on security and strategic independence. The analysis argues that the sustainability of the Euro-Atlantic order is the function, not just of external deterrence, but of internal political integrity, institutional trust and societal capacity
Etat des lieux des initiatives privées de conservation ex situ de la flore ligneuse du Sénégal
Get PDFLa dégradation des écosystèmes et la perte de biodiversité végétale au Sénégal, exacerbées par la sécheresse et l’anthropisation, rendent cruciale la mise en place de stratégies complémentaires de conservation. Cette étude vise à évaluer l’état des initiatives privées de conservation ex situ de la flore ligneuse au Sénégal. Dix conservatoires privés ont été inventoriés, principalement situés dans les régions de Thiès (60 %), Dakar (30 %) et Ziguinchor (10 %). Un inventaire floristique exhaustif a permis d’identifier 358 espèces ligneuses, réparties en 271 genres et 76 familles, dominées par les Fabaceae (23,68 %). L’analyse de similarité floristique révèle des regroupements entre certains sites comme Keur Moussa, Keur Massar, Noflaye, Soutou et Ngazobil mais aussi des conservatoires isolés tel que Safina, Sindia et Fandhène, ce qui traduit une forte hétérogénéité et une complémentarité écologique. Par ailleurs, les espèces strictement africaines représentent 50,98 % de la flore conservée, d'où en lieu et place l’importance de ces initiatives pour la sauvegarde des taxons autochtones souvent marginalisés dans les espaces urbains. Ces résultats confirment le rôle stratégique des conservatoires privés dans la préservation de la biodiversité ligneuse sénégalaise et recommandent un renforcement des synergies entre conservation ex situ et in situ pour une gestion durable et représentative des ressources végétales.
The degradation of ecosystems and loss of plant biodiversity in Senegal, exacerbated by drought and anthropization, make it crucial to implement complementary conservation strategies. This study aims to assess the status of private ex situ conservation initiatives for woody flora in Senegal. Ten private conservatories were inventoried, mainly located in the regions of Thiès (60%), Dakar (30%) and Ziguinchor (10%). An exhaustive floristic inventory identified 358 woody species, divided into 271 genera and 76 families, dominated by Fabaceae (23.68%). The floristic similarity analysis reveals groupings between certain sites such as Keur Moussa, Keur Massar, Noflaye, Soutou, and Ngazobil, but also isolated conservatories such as Safina, Sindia, and Fandhène, reflecting strong heterogeneity and ecological complementarity. Furthermore, strictly African species represent 50.98% of the conserved flora, highlighting the importance of these initiatives for the preservation of native taxa that are often marginalized in urban areas. These results confirm the strategic role of private conservatories in preserving Senegalese woody biodiversity and recommend strengthening synergies between ex situ and in situ conservation for sustainable and representative management of plant resources
Post-Burn Popliteal Fossa Flexion Contracture: Our Experience with a Case in N’Djamena (Chad)
Get PDFIntroduction: The functional sequels of burns, including knee contracture, are common in children in southern countries due to very limited access to specialized care structures. The treatment is surgical, accompanied by physiotherapy to improve the functional result. Case report: We report the case of an 11-year-old female patient, admitted to the surgery department after three years. She suffered from sequelae of thermal flame burn of the trunk and lower limbs. She was treated in a rural hospital, and the evolution was complicated by a contracture of the left popliteal fossa and incomplete healing of the wound. The treatment of the wound was done for thirty days, allowing for an optimal local condition. This was until the suppuration completely stopped (after thirty days). Complete healing was not achieved, but the wound was clean, and the C-Reactive Protein was normal. Surgery to release the flange was possible after two months. A plasty to release the flange was carried out eight weeks later by a “chevron” lengthening tenotomy of the hamstring muscles and transversal fascial incisions (to discharge the gastrocnemius muscles). Conclusion: Domestic thermal burns are common among children. The articular localization causes more functional consequences. They require early consultation at a specialized center to minimize the consequences
Systèmes de Mesure de la Performance dans les Pays en Développement : La Gouvernance Prophylactique comme Réponse au Découplage Institutionnel
Get PDFLa modernisation du secteur public dans les Pays en Voie de Développement (PVD) par les Systèmes de Mesure de la Performance (SMP) amplifie le risque de découplage institutionnel (DiMaggio & Powell, 1983) en raison des défis structurels locaux. Cet article construit un cadre théorique intégrateur pour adapter les SMP aux spécificités des PVD. L'étude, de nature qualitative, inductive et comparative (Yin, 2018; Yin, 1994), s'appuie sur une revue de littérature systématique (collecte via Scopus/WoS, analyse par confrontation critique des travaux). Les résultats confirment l'efficacité contingente des SMP (Chenhall, 2003; Henri, 2006) et identifient la cause critique du découplage dans la gestion non-prophylactique des tensions de gouvernance (Mazouz et al., 2012; Khenniche & Henriot, 2021). Nous proposons le Modèle Hybride et Contextuel (MHCP/SMP-PVD), faisant de la Gouvernance Prophylactique le pilier central pour assurer l'appropriation locale des SMP.
The modernization of the public sector in Developing Countries (DCs) through Performance Measurement Systems (PMS) increases the risk of institutional decoupling (DiMaggio & Powell, 1983) due to context-specific structural constraints. This article proposes an integrative theoretical framework aimed at adapting PMS to the specificities of DCs. The study, which is qualitative, inductive, and comparative in nature (Yin, 1994; Yin, 2018), is based on a systematic literature review (data collected through Scopus and Web of Science, and analyzed via critical comparative assessment of existing works). The findings confirm the contingent effectiveness of PMS (Chenhall, 2003; Henri, 2006) and identify the main source of decoupling in the non-prophylactic management of governance tensions (Mazouz et al., 2012; Khenniche & Henriot, 2021). We introduce the Hybrid and Contextual Model (HCMP/PMS-DC), positioning Prophylactic Governance as the central pillar to ensure the local appropriation of PMS
Perceptions of the Declining Fertility Rate and Evolving Views on Motherhood: A Comparative Study among University Students in India and Sri Lanka
Get PDFThis study examines the perceptions of declining fertility rates and evolving views on motherhood among female undergraduates in Sri Lanka and India, with a focus on disciplinary and cultural variations. A mixed-methods approach was employed; the research combined a survey of 300 students from the University of Colombo and 234 students from the Vellalar Educational Trust (VET) Institute of Arts and Science in Tamil Nadu with qualitative data from 20 in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions. The findings indicate that students in both countries express moderate to high concern about fertility decline, with Indian students expressing slightly higher concern overall. In Sri Lanka, concern levels varied significantly by academic discipline, with Arts students showing greater awareness than their Science counterparts. Across both countries, delayed motherhood was primarily associated with higher education, career priorities, financial insecurity, and shifting societal norms. Nevertheless, cultural expectations continued to influence preferred childbearing ages of 25–30 years and the ideal family size of two children. These findings suggest a gradual shift towards more individualistic and diverse reproductive attitudes, while traditional values remain deeply embedded. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of how generational perspectives on fertility and motherhood are shaped by the intersection of personal aspirations, academic environment, and socio-cultural context in both countries
From Integration to Resilience: Rethinking Euro-Atlanticism in the Post-Ukraine European Order
Get PDFThis article examines how the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine reshaped Euro-Atlantic security by accelerating a shift from institutional integration toward resilience-based strategic thinking. Using qualitative analysis of NATO and EU strategic documents, academic literature, and regional policy assessments, the paper evaluates how small states - particularly in the Western Balkans - adapt within this evolving order. The findings show that post-2022 Euro-Atlanticism increasingly depends on internal political cohesion, institutional integrity, and societal resilience, rather than on integration alone. The analysis highlights that the “resilience turn” has moved Euro-Atlantic cooperation from expansion toward consolidation, placing equal emphasis on the protection of democratic institutions, societal stability, and the ability to counter hybrid threats. For small states such as North Macedonia, this shift underscores that credibility within alliances derives not only from formal membership but from sustained reform capacity, predictability, and proactive regional engagement. The paper further demonstrates that the Western Balkans operate as a critical periphery where geopolitical competition, internal vulnerabilities, and Euro-Atlantic commitments intersect, making resilience a strategic necessity rather than a normative aspiration. The study concludes that the sustainability of the Euro-Atlantic system will rely on a deeper alignment between collective deterrence and domestic reform capacities among small member and partner states, as well as on their ability to translate alignment into functional stability and regional cooperation