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The Role of Policy Innovation in Accelerating Green Bond Markets for Renewable Energy: Evidence from Emerging Economies
Get PDFThe transition toward renewable energy in emerging economies requires innovative financing instruments that can bridge investment gaps while ensuring sustainability. Among such instruments, green bonds have gained prominence as a critical mechanism to mobilize private and institutional capital for climate-related projects. However, the expansion of green bond markets in emerging regions such as Africa and Asia has faced structural and institutional constraints. This review article investigates the role of policy innovation in accelerating green bond markets for renewable energy, focusing on evidence from emerging economies. By systematically integrating insights from more than 80 academic and policy sources, the paper provides a comprehensive framework that links policy innovation, institutional capacity, market maturity, and renewable energy financing to the expansion of green bond issuance.
The study adopts a multi-method empirical synthesis, including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, fixed effects regression, feasible generalized least squares (FGLS), and dynamic panel two-step system generalized method of moments (GMM). These approaches are complemented with robustness checks, sensitivity analyses, and sub-sample evaluations covering the 2007–2008 global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2021). The results demonstrate that policy innovation exerts a strong positive effect on green bond issuance, both directly and indirectly, by strengthening institutional capacity, enhancing sovereign green bond credibility, and improving renewable energy financing channels. Furthermore, the analysis confirms that policy-driven instruments moderate the adverse effects of crises, thereby safeguarding renewable energy investment flows even during systemic shocks.
Key findings reveal that (i) policy innovation significantly improves the attractiveness and credibility of green bond markets; (ii) institutional capacity and governance quality serve as mediating and moderating channels; (iii) green bond issuance contributes to renewable energy expansion and long-term market maturity; and (iv) external shocks such as financial crises and pandemics reshape but do not eliminate the positive role of innovative policies. The study also highlights important regional contrasts, with Asia displaying faster institutional adaptation and Africa requiring greater regulatory harmonization to unlock potential.
This review contributes to both theory and practice by advancing a theoretical framework that integrates policy innovation with green finance and by offering empirical evidence that underscores the importance of regulatory adaptability in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). Policy implications emphasize the need for governments to design flexible, transparent, and credible green bond policies, while investors are encouraged to align portfolios with climate-resilient assets. The paper concludes that green bonds, underpinned by robust policy innovation, can serve as catalytic tools for financing renewable energy transitions in emerging economies
Performance Assessment in Public Transportation Services: A Review of Research Approaches
Get PDFThis article presents a thematic review of studies on public performance in public transport services. Based on a structured analysis of the literature, it explores five major areas: local governance of public services, public management, Delegation of public services management, Public performance steering and Public transportation performance. The aim is to identify the main approaches, key concepts and evaluation criteria used in these fields. A summary diagram of the review is provided to illustrate the links between the various themes addressed. Drawing on the results of the analysis, the article introduces an original interpretation model - the GMDP-TC model - which provides a better understanding of the determinants of performance in the context of public transport. This contribution aims to enrich thinking on improving public performance through better governance and more effective management of transport services
Analyse de la contribution de la CAPAD (Confédération des Associations des Producteurs Agricoles pour le Développement) à l'amélioration du bien-être des agriculteurs : cas de la coopérative Dufashanye en commune Isare, province de Bujumbura
Get PDFL’amélioration du bien-être des producteurs est une véritable préoccupation de tous les acteurs du développement en général et de la République du BURUNDI en particulier. Au Burundi, les producteurs agricoles vivent dans des conditions difficiles. Ils figurent parmi les gens pauvres avec un revenu par tête très faible malgré différentes actions menées par la CAPAD. Cette étude menée sur 54 membres de la coopérative Dufashanye, sélectionnés en utilisant la technique d’échantillonnage d’Alain Bouchard, montre le rôle de la CAPAD dans l’amélioration du bien-être des producteurs agricoles de la Province de Bujumbura. Les chercheurs formulent des recommandations pour une amélioration effective du bien être des producteurs. Elle montre spécifiquement les raisons de la persistance de la pauvreté chez les membres de la Coopérative Dufashanye et définit les voies et moyens à mettre en œuvre pour améliorer le bien-être des producteurs agricoles membres de la Coopérative Dufashanye de la Commune Isare. Pour mener à bien cette étude, nous avons opté pour la méthode qualitative avec l’aide du guide d’interview et la méthode quantitative via le questionnaire administré directement par le chercheur auprès des membres de coopérative Dufashanye. Après analyse, cette étude a révélé que la persistance de la pauvreté chez les membres de la coopérative Dufashanye de la commune Isare est liée à la non intégration de nouvelles méthodes culturales, manque des techniques de conservation et de transformation et le manque de collaboration. La contribution de la CAPAD n’a pas abouti à l’amélioration du bien-être des producteurs agricoles de la commune Isare. Pour ce, certaines recommandations ont été formulées notamment la modernisation de l’agriculture pour la rendre plus productive, l’implantation des industries de conservation, de transformation et la collaboration des acteurs dans le domaine agricole.
Improving the well-being of producers is a real concern of all development actors in general and of the Republic of BURUNDI in particular. In Burundi, agricultural producers live in difficult conditions. They are among the poor people with a very low per capita income despite various actions carried out by CAPAD. This study, conducted on 54 members of the Dufashanye cooperative, selected using Alain Bouchard's sampling technique, shows the role of CAPAD in improving the well-being of agricultural producers in the Province of Bujumbura. The researchers make recommendations for an effective improvement in the well-being of producers. It specifically shows the reasons for the persistence of poverty among members of the Dufashanye Cooperative and defines the ways and means to be implemented to improve the well-being of agricultural producers who are members of the Dufashanye Cooperative in the Isare Commune. To carry out this study, we opted for the qualitative method with the help of the interview guide and the quantitative method via the questionnaire administered directly by the researcher to the members of the Dufashanye cooperative. After analysis, this study revealed that the persistence of poverty among the members of the Dufashanye cooperative in the Isare commune is linked to the non-integration of new cultivation methods, lack of conservation and processing techniques and lack of collaboration. The contribution of CAPAD did not result in improving the well-being of agricultural producers in the Isare commune. For this, certain recommendations were formulated, in particular the modernization of agriculture to make it more productive, the establishment of conservation and processing industries and the collaboration of stakeholders in the agricultural field
Burnout in Nurses: How Job Redesigns Can Help
Get PDFBurnout is a common phenomenon in many modern-day organizations. The literature, however, shows that burnout is more pronounced in nurses relative to other categories of healthcare workers. Unfortunately, there is a dearth in the literature on how organization development interventions can help reduce burn out in nurses. This paper accordingly attempts to examine the ways job redesigns can be appropriated as typologies of organization development interventions, the overarching goal being to propose dimension-specific interventions of job redesigns that can subsequently be empirically tested as predictors in studies, towards understanding of how to reduce burnout experiences in nurses in their everyday undertaking of caregiving
The Impact of Corporate Financial Disclosure Quality on Banks’ Loan Risk Assessment: A Case Study of Uzbekistan
Get PDFIn developing economies such as Uzbekistan, financial reporting of corporations is crucial in helping the banks to assess the risk of loan borrowers. These disclosures are especially important as they determine the capacity of the financial institutions to assess the creditworthiness of the businesses. The paper at hand examines the efficacy of corporate financial disclosures and their influence on the risk assessment process of banks in the Uzbekistan country, which is in the process of the transition to the market-based economy with a developing regulation process. Based on recent research, this study will analyze the effects of financial transparency and the quality of financial reporting on the credit risk management capability of banks and their capacity to make proper decisions on lending.
The banking industry of Uzbekistan has experienced significant reforms, such as the implementation of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and the guidelines on risk-based supervision introduced by the Central Bank (Khasanovich, 2025; Kadirovich & Rabbimovich, 2021). Still, there are some problems with the quality and timeliness of corporate financial reporting, which may impede the proper assessment of risks. As an example, Khushnud and Qingjie (2020) emphasize that the financial reporting discrepancies undermine banks in their attempt to efficiently assess the risk of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Uzbekistan, which is a principal part of the economic growth (Burkhanov, 2023). The use of IFRS is viewed as a step toward enhancing the comparability and reliance of financial reports, but the full shift to the new system remains under development (Mamadiyarov et al., 2024). In addition, the transition to digitalization of the banking sector, as Khamdamov et al. (2024) write, presents new prospects of increasing the effectiveness of credit decisions, which may lead to the elimination of the use of unreliable financial information.
It is also noted in this study that there should be improved regulatory control and the introduction of international accounting standards to increase financial transparency, which would help improve risk evaluation (Tadjibaeva, 2019). The paper brings out its conclusion by providing suggestions to the policymakers and banks in Uzbekistan on how they can improve the efficacy of the corporate financial disclosures in reducing credit risks and encouraging a more balanced financial background
Activité anti-inflammatoire de FDo4, une fraction de l’extrait aqueux de feuilles de Daniellia oliveri (fabaceae)
Get PDFCette étude visait à renforcer la valorisation des médecines traditionnelles et à explorer leur potentiel dans le traitement des maladies inflammatoires, en se concentrant sur Daniellia oliveri (fabaceae), une espèce fréquemment utilisée en phytothérapie antihypertensive. L’analyse de la toxicité aiguë de l’extrait aqueux des feuilles de Daniellia oliveri (EADo), administré par voie orale, a permis de déterminer la dose entraînant la mortalité de 50 % (DL50) conformément aux lignes directrices de l'Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques 423. Le criblage phytochimique qualitatif de de La FDo4 a montré la présence de groupes chimiques à potentialité thérapeutique en occurrence des alcaloïdes, des flavonoïdes, des terpènes et des hétérosides cardiotoniques. L’inflammation a été induite par l’injection 0,05 ml de la solution de carraghénine à 1% sous le coussinet plantaire de la patte arrière droite chez des rats Wistar. Les produits à tester ont été administrés par gavage à raison de 1 ml pour cent 100 g de poids corporel. Les résultats ont révélé que la dose létale (DL50) par voie orale de l'extrait aqueux est supérieure à 5000 mg/kg de poids corporel, plaçant Daniellia oliveri parmi les plantes non toxiques par voie orale. La FDo4 à la dose de 300 mg /kg P.C, a montré des propriétés anti-inflammatoires notables, comparables à celles de l'indométacine (INDOCID) à 10 mg /kg P.C, un médicament conventionnel largement utilisé pour traiter les inflammations. En conclusion, les groupes chimiques identifiés dans la FDo4 pourraient être responsables de ces effets anti-inflammatoires observés. En outre l’absence de toxicité par voie orale de cette plante, rend la FDo4 prometteuse pour une utilisation sûre dans la médecine traditionnelle.
This study aimed to enhance the value of traditional medicines and explore their potential in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, focusing on Daniellia oliveri (Fabaceae), a species frequently used in antihypertensive herbal medicine. Analysis of the acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of Daniellia oliveri leaves (EADo), administered orally, determined the dose causing 50% mortality (LD50) in accordance with Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guideline 423. Qualitative phytochemical screening of La FDo4 revealed the presence of chemical groups with therapeutic potential, including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, and cardiotonic glycosides. Inflammation was induced by injecting 0.05 ml of a 1% carrageenan solution under the footpad of the right hind paw in Wistar rats. The test products were administered by gavage at a dose of 1 ml per 100 g body weight. The results revealed that the oral lethal dose (LD50) of the aqueous extract is greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight, placing Daniellia oliveri among plants that are non-toxic when ingested orally. FDo4 at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight showed significant anti-inflammatory properties comparable to those of indomethacin (INDOCID) at 10 mg/kg body weight, a conventional drug widely used to treat inflammation. In conclusion, the chemical groups identified in FDo4 could be responsible for these observed anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, the absence of oral toxicity in this plant makes FDo4 promising for safe use in traditional medicine
Geopolitical Aspects of the EU Enlargement Process: Macedonian and Ukrainian Case
Get PDFThis paper compares the integration processes of North Macedonia and Ukraine, which have recently opened EU accession negotiations. The significant disparity in the pace of their integration processes - remarkably slow in the case of North Macedonia and exceptionally fast in the case of Ukraine - serves to examine whether EU enlargement decisions are shaped more by the institutional criteria or by geopolitical interests of member states. Using a comparative approach, the study analyzes the European policies and relations with both countries and the EU role in addressing their internal and external disputes. The study aims to demonstrate how EU enlargement is shaped by EU standards and geopolitical interests, interpreting the findings through intergovernmental and realist perspectives that emphasize state-driven decision-making and security imperatives. The results reveal that North Macedonia’s accession was delayed due to non-criteria political disputes, while Ukraine’s accession process was accelerated for security reasons, demonstrating how geopolitical considerations can outweigh normative standards in EU enlargement
Factors Associated with the Non-Use of Modern Contraception in the Djougou-Copargo-Ouaké Health Zone in 2024
Get PDFIntroduction: Family planning remains under-utilized in sub-Saharan Africa, despite its contribution to reducing maternal and infant mortality. This study aimed to identify the factors explaining the low use of modern contraceptive methods in the Djougou-Copargo-Ouaké health zone. Materials and methods: A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from June 17 to 21, 2024, in the Djougou-Copargo-Ouaké health zone. Data were collected prospectively from women aged 15–49 years who had been living in the area for at least six months. A proportional stratified random sampling method was used to select participants, and a structured questionnaire was administered in face-to-face interviews by trained community health workers. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression to identify factors associated with the non-use of modern contraceptive methods. Results: The prevalence of modern contraceptive use was 12.01%. Several factors were associated with low use of modern contraceptive methods: desire to have children (OR = 0.039; p = 0.001), low level of knowledge about contraceptive methods (OR = 1.88; p = 0.048), lack of awareness of their benefits (OR = 25.93; p = 0.001), and no experience of unwanted pregnancy (OR = 2.07; p = 0.039). Conclusion: These findings highlight the need to raise awareness of modern contraception and to promote the enrolment and retention of young girls in the education system, in order to improve their access to contraceptive methods and strengthen family planning outcomes
The Role of Family and Culture on Young Women’s Perceptions of Motherhood: A Comparative Study of Sri Lankan and Indian Female College Students
Get PDFFertility rates in South Asia have declined significantly over the past four decades, with Sri Lanka and India leading this demographic transition. Addressing this problem, the study focuses on two key objectives: first, to explore cultural differences in the socialization process in Sri Lanka and India, particularly concerning the reinforcement of motherhood; and second, to examine culture-specific parenting practices that shape young women’s decision-making about marriage and motherhood. To achieve this, the research investigates how the socialization process of young, unmarried female undergraduates in these two countries influences their perceptions of motherhood and the declining fertility rate in contemporary times. Using a mixed-method and pseudo-longitudinal design, data were collected from over 500 students at the University of Colombo in Sri Lanka and the VET Institute of Arts and Science in Tamil Nadu, India, covering diverse academic disciplines, years of study, and socio-economic backgrounds. The findings indicate that while traditional ideals of motherhood remain deeply rooted, young women are renegotiating these roles through education, career aspirations, and exposure to global norms, though in varying ways across the two contexts. Indian students display greater confidence in balancing motherhood and career, while Sri Lankan students confront stronger patriarchal pressures and weaker institutional support. These results highlight the complex interplay of culture, family, and modern aspirations, contributing to the understanding of ongoing demographic shifts in Sri Lanka and India and offering policy-relevant insights into gender, education, and reproductive decision-making
Counseling Genré pour l’Autonomisation Identitaire des Survivant(e)s de Violences Scolaires au Nord - Cameroun
Get PDFLe counseling genré est un accompagnement sensible au genre offert aux élèves pour les aider à mieux vivre leur parcours scolaire, surmonter leurs difficultés et faire de bons choix pour leur avenir. Il intègre une conscience critique des normes de genre, des inégalités structurelles et des vécus différenciés selon le genre dans le processus d’accompagnement psychologique. Il participe à un processus d’autonomisation des individus par la déconstruction des rapports de pouvoir internalisés. Cette étude observe l’impact de ce counseling sur l’autonomisation identitaire des survivant(e)s de violences, notamment en termes de reconstruction de soi, de renforcement de l’agentivité et de transformation des perceptions genrées. Elle utilise un design méthodologique mixte, combinant un questionnaire administré aléatoirement à 150 lycéen(ne)s (79 filles et 71 garçons) et une grille d’entretien semi – structuré mené par choix raisonné auprès de 6 élèves et 6 Conseillers d’orientation, égalitairement répartis en genre, issus de 3 autres lycées de la région du Nord (Cameroun). Les résultats montrent que le counselling sensible au genre contribue à la reconstruction des élèves victimes de violences. Il renforce leur estime de soi, leur capacité à faire des choix et leur pouvoir d’agir. Il soutient également une remise en question des rôles de genre, bien que cette dimension critique reste peu développée sans appui institutionnel ou externe. Les écoles devraient intégrer une éducation sensible au genre pour encourager le respect, l’égalité et la réflexion sur les rôles traditionnels. Pour être pertinente, cette éducation doit s’adapter aux réalités culturelles locales.
Gender counselling is gender – sensitive support offered to students to help them better navigate their academic journey, overcome difficulties, and make good choices for their future. It incorporates a critical awareness of gender norms, structural inequalities, and gender – differentiated experiences into the psychological support process. It contributes to a process of individual empowerment by deconstructing internalised power relations. This study observes the impact of this counselling on the identity empowerment of survivors of violence, particularly in terms of self-reconstruction, strengthening agency, and transforming gendered perceptions. It uses a mixed methodological design, combining a questionnaire administered randomly to 150 secondary school students (79 girls and 71 boys) and a semi-structured interview grid conducted by reasoned choice with 6 students and 6 guidance Counsellors, equally divided by gender, from 3 other secondary schools in the North region (Cameroon). The results show that gender – sensitive counselling contributes to the recovery of students who are victims of violence. It strengthens their self–esteem, their ability to make choices, and their power to act. It also supports a re-examination of gender roles, although this critical dimension remains underdeveloped without institutional or external support. Schools should incorporate gender – sensitive education to encourage respect, equality, and reflection on traditional roles. To be relevant, this education must be adapted to local cultural realities