Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State Universit: Open Journal Systems / ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტი
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Georgia's European choice: history and modernity
No full textDoes Georgia belong to Europe? Is it east or west? Are we Asia or Europe? The questions are vital to Georgia because the answer to them determines the political, ideological or cultural orientation of the country.During its existence, Georgia represented a country with European aspirations. It not only turned to the West, but in a number of cases was in the sphere of interests of that or another European state. This, among other factors, contributed to the spiritual closeness of the West and Georgia, based on Christian culture and civilization.Despite that, the West was not able to provide practical help to Georgia, which largely determined the fact that Georgia was conquered by its northern neighbor - Russia and, introduced into the imperial orbit of the Romanovs.With the restoration of statehood and the creation of the Democratic Republic of Georgia on May 26, 1918, our country got a chance to "return to the European family". In 1918-1921, many countries of the West recognized the independence of Georgia, some, of them established commercial and economic contacts with it in addition to diplomatic ones. However, these relationships did not develop. Bolshevik Russia occupied Georgia in February-March 1921, and was again submitted to its influence.The collapse of the Soviet Union gave our country the prospect of getting closer to the West once again. Post-Soviet Georgia, especially after the Revolution of 2003, chose the course of unification in the Euro-Atlantic space. Integration with the West, establishing a place in the European and Euro-Atlantic political, economic and, defense systems is currently the main priority of Georgia's foreign policy
Open Government Partnership in Georgia – Evaluation of a Legislative Body
No full textIn the present study, we explored the activities of the Open Government Council from its creation to the present day, covering the period from 2015 to 2024. Throughout this period, the Council developed five action plans encompassing numerous ambitious plans and commitments. Until 2020, work plans and processes in terms of civic engagement progressed smoothly, and Georgia deservedly held advanced positions compared to Western countries, both in terms of openness, transparency and the development of modern technologies.
Based on interviews with experts and document analysis, it was found that since 2020, the ruling authorities have labelled international organizations, civil society, and non-governmental organizations as enemies. The Georgian Dream shifted away from its established political course, which was based on openness and transparency, and began to demonize and marginalize members of civil society actively. The activities of the Open Parliamentary Council also became nearly impossible, as the Parliament no longer took into account their well-founded comments or recommendations regarding what should be included in the Parliament's upcoming work plan.
The relationship between the Georgian Dream and civil society organizations was severed. Soon after, the organizations left the Advisory Council, as well as the OGP platform, and there is a risk that the partnership itself will leave Georgia due to democratic backsliding. The lack of civic engagement was reflected in the Parliament's 2024 Action Plan, in which civil society did not participate.
As part of the study, a comparative analysis was conducted with North Macedonia, which joined open parliamentary governance in 2018. North Macedonia's experience is particularly interesting because they began working on these processes three years after Georgia, and today both countries find themselves in nearly identical positions.
Keywords: Parliament of Georgia, open governance, parliamentarism
The Importance of Religion for Ethnic Minorities and Connection with Acculturation
Full text linkThis comprehensive research examines the influence of religion on the acculturation process of ethnic minorities, with particular focus on the Armenian and Azeri communities in Georgia. The study delves into the acculturation strategies utilized by these communities and probes the correlation between their religious beliefs and acculturation. Additionally, the research expands on the broader concept of acculturation, its theoretical underpinnings, and its psychological aspects. It presents an in-depth analysis of Georgia's multicultural fabric, the role of integration in fostering intergroup relations, and the importance of cultural learning and assimilation of host society values. A significant segment of the research is devoted to the exploration of the relationship between religion and acculturation, underlining the importance of understanding religion's role in shaping attitudes and behaviors towards other ethnic groups. The paper concludes with the need for further research to unravel the complex interplay between religion, cultural identity, and acculturation strategies within the Georgian context.
The Greens in the European Parliament (Case of 2024)
No full text Some certain issues, in terms of globalization and the world’s current situation due to their universal nature along with their existing difficulties and expected threats, have become the agenda for both individual states and the whole world. One such issue can be named the environment, which has put it on the agenda and highlighted the need for common concern for every country.Having common, at the modern stage, environmental ideas, the European Greens are a well-established force in European politics, they have been represented in the European Parliament since 1984.We have to highlight that the Greens/EFA parliamentary group was created in 1999 when two progressive European political forces - the Greens and the European Free Alliance (EFA) decided to join their forces in the European Parliament. Their main aim was to help Europe solve global challenges and gain global leadership in the fight for climate and environment, peace and social justice, human rights, and self-determination.Over the decades, including the 2024 European Parliament elections, their changes for Europe have included the fight for the following issues as climate and environment protection for future generations; a society where everyone has the right to express their opinion; a real democracy where the public and the media can control the government; The desire to build a such Europe that would reduce poverty, because everyone deserves to live in a just society; the economy should serve the people, not vice versa; a community that invests in public services and builds strong communities; a democratic Europe of peoples, regions and historically small nations, with respected right to self-determination; with the decent paid work and housing conditions society; where all people should be free, without discrimination. As a result of their activities, they believed that they were an attractive group for all progressive forces.
May 26, 1918 in Georgian School History Textbooks
Full text link This article explores how the Declaration of Independence of Georgia on May 26, 1918 is represented in Georgian schools from earlier periods and in current history textbooks of Georgia and world. The primary research method is content analysis of school textbooks. School textbooks are examined within their historical context, differentiating between the Soviet and post-Soviet eras, and three generations of textbooks are distinguished in the post-Soviet period
AI State Policy in Belgium (Focus on Flanders Region Action Plan)
Full text linkThis study examines Belgium's artificial intelligence (AI) strategy, focusing on its federated governance model that balances regional autonomy with national cohesion. Belgium's approach to AI governance, specifically through the Flanders AI Action Plan, reflects a decentralized structure that enables regional initiatives while supporting national AI objectives. The research analyzes the integration of AI strategies at both national and regional levels, highlighting the distinct roles of Flanders, Wallonia, and the Brussels-Capital Region. A multi-method approach, including expert interviews, document analysis, and comparative analysis, provides insights into Belgium’s strategy and the broader European context. Findings reveal that Belgium’s AI initiatives prioritize ethical standards, public trust, and competitiveness, aligning with EU guidelines. However, the country faces challenges in coordinating efforts across regions, fostering public trust, and addressing digital literacy. The study underscores the need for a unified communication strategy and enhanced key performance indicators (KPIs) for ethical and societal impacts. Belgium's model offers valuable insights into how federated governance structures can support technological advancement while respecting regional diversity and societal values, positioning it as a potential leader in responsible AI governance.
Political Parties in Occupied Abkhazia
No full textAfter gaining independence quite interesting and at the same time difficult processes developed in Georgia. Among them was the civil war and the conflict on the territory of Abkhazia, as a result of which it is still occupied. Today, life in Abkhazia continues as usual and civil society expresses its positions through political parties as much as it is possible. Based on various available printed sources, this article describes the current political picture in Abkhazia, what kind of political system it is today, how political parties are established, who heads them and what kind of internal or external orientation they have. Seeing the mentioned processes gives us the opportunity to conclude what are the moods of the population and what scientists and researchers think about the given situation
The restoration of territorial integrity by Azerbaijan and its impact on the separatist regimes in Georgia
No full textThis article assesses the repercussions of Azerbaijan's restoration of territorial integrity and the resolution of the Karabakh conflict on the separatist regimes in Georgia. It further examines the evaluations and perspectives of the de facto authorities in Abkhazia and South Ossetia, along with the population residing in the occupied territories of Georgia, regarding the outcomes of the Karabakh war.The thesis employs a qualitative research methodology, focusing on the analysis of news websites, social media, and television archives pertaining to the Karabakh war within the self-declared occupied territories of Georgia, namely South Ossetia and Abkhazia. The aim is to analyze the reactions and sentiments of both the government and the public.
Ivane Javakhishvili in defense of Georgian University
No full text In 1921, during the sovietization of Georgia, the youth and the professors and teaching staff of Tbilisi State University joined together with others to defend the country against the Soviet Russian troops. In this process, the contribution of Ivane Javakhishvili, the rector of the university, is particularly noteworthy. He addressed the students, expressed his support for the leadership of the Democratic Republic of Georgia and called them to fight for the protection of the motherland. In the paper, we briefly review the position of Ivane Javakhishvili during the invasion of Georgia by Soviet Russia in February 1921. It is also noteworthy whether the school textbooks provide any information to students about Ivane Javakhishvili, in particular, about Javakhishvili’s attitude during the occupation of Georgia and what kind of information this is. The paper analyzes the materials contained in the school textbooks of Georgian and world history. Attention is focused on the volume of material and presented documents. The main facts are highlighted, to which textbook authors pay special attention when discussing this issue.The study revealed that in the textbooks the focus is made on the contribution of Ivane Javakhishvili to the founding of the university in Georgia, his scientific activities and rectorship. The position of the university, its professors, academic staff, and students during the occupation of Georgia is not mentioned. Some authors also note the attack of the Soviet authorities on Javakhishvili in the 1930s and talk about repressions carried out against him.
ევროკავშირის პოლიტიკა საქართველოსთან ურთიერთობაში: ისტორიული ჭრილი და მნიშვნელოვანი ასპექტები
Full text linkევროკავშირი დღეს ევროპაში წამყვანი საერთაშორისო აქტორია, რომელიც ევროპის კონტინენტზე ხშირად მთავარ უსაფრთხოების გარანტად მიიჩნევა. ევროპაში დღეს მიმდინარე რუსეთ-უკრაინის ომის პირობებში მითუმეტეს აქტიურდება ევროკავშირის როლის განსაზღვრა, როგორც მშვიდობის დამკვიდრებელის. ევროკავშირის და საქართველოს ურთიერთობის დასაწყისად 1991-1992 წელი უნდა დავასახელოთ, რადგან საქართველოს დამოუკიდებელ სახელმწიფოდ ჩამოყალიბებისთანავე ნათელი იყო ევროკავშირთან ურთიერთობის დამყარების მცდელობები, რაც დასტურდება ევროკავშირის მიერ გაწეული დახმარებებითაც, როგორც ფინანსური, ისე ჰუმანიტარული.ურთიერთობის საწყისი ეტაპიდან განსაკუთრებით მნიშვნელოვანია 1996 წელს ლუქსემბურგში ევროკავშირს და საქართველოს შორის გაფორმებული პარტნიორობისა და თანამშრომლობის შესახებ შეთანხმება, რომლის შედეგადაც შეიქმნა თანამშრომლობის ინსტიტუტები, რომელთა მიზანიც იყო ურთიერთობების გაღრმავება. 2014 წელს საქართველოს და ევროკავშირს შორის გაფორმებულმა „ასოცირების შეთანხმებამ“ ჩაანაცვლა 1996 წელს ხელმოწერილი „პარტიორობის და თანამშრომლობის შესახებ შეთანხმება“. 2014 წელს „ასოცირების შესახებ შეთანხმების“ შემდეგ ურთიერთობები უფრო გაღრმავდა, რადგან დოკუმენტი მხარეთა პარტნიორობაზე, მათი ურთიერთდახმარების შესაძლებლობებზე იყო დამყარებული. შეთანხმების ყველაზე საყურადღებო პუნქტი: ევროკავშირთან ღრმა და ყოვლისმომცველი სავაჭრო სივრცის შექმნაა (Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area - DCFTA), რომლის შედეგადაც საქართველოში წარმოებული პროდუქცია-მომსახურებისთვის ევროკავშირის ბაზარი გაიხსნა. შესაბამისად ეს ასპექტი განსაკუთრებით მნიშვნელოვანი იყო საქართველოს ეკონომიკის განვითარების თვალსაზრისით. თუმცა ეს შეთანხმება უფრო მასშტაბური იყო და მოიცავდა თანამშრომლობას ისეთი პრიორიტეტული მიმართულებებით, როგორიცაა პოლიტიკური და სოციალური სფეროები.ევროკავშირი მთავარ დიპლომატიურ შუამავლად წარმოდგა აგვისტოს ომის დროს რუსეთს და საქართველოს შორის. საქართველო-ევროკავშირის ურთიერთობების ყველაზე მნიშვნელოვანი ეტაპი კი 2023 წელს დაიწყო, როცა საქართველომ ევროკავშირის წევრობის კანდიდატის სტატუსი მიიღო. მართალია 14 დეკემბერს საქართველომ ევროკავშირის წევრობის კანდიდატის სტატუსი ოფიციალურად მიიღო, მაგრამ 8 ნოემბერს, როდესაც ევროკომისიამ საქართველოსთვის ევროკავშირის კანდიდატის ქვეყნის სტატუსის მინიჭების რეკომენდაცია გასცა, ეს გადაწყვეტილება იმ პირობით მიიღეს, რომ საქართველო ცხრა მიმართულებით გადადგამდა პროგრესულ ნაბიჯებს. მნიშვნელოვანი ასპექტია იმ ახალი პუნქტების დამატება, რომელიც 2022 წლის 12 რეკომენდაციაში არ შედიოდა და რომლიდანაც ერთ-ერთი ახალი დათქმაა: ევროკავშირისა და მისი ღირებულებების შესახებ დეზინფორმაციასთან და უცხოურ საინფორმაციო მანიპულაციებთან ბრძოლა. 2024 წელს ევროკავშირი-საქართველოს ურთიერთობები რთულ ეტაპზე გადავიდა, რაც წლის ბოლოს დაგვირგვინდა ქართული მხარის მიერ ევროკავშირში გაწევრიანების მოლაპარაკებების გადადებით 2028 წლამდე.კვლევის მიზანია ევროკავშირი-საქართველოს ურთიერთობის მნიშვნელოვანი ასპექტების განხილვა ქრონოლოგიურად და იმ მახასიათებლების შესწავლაც, რომელიც შეიძლება ხელისშემშლელი აღმოჩნდეს ამ ურთიერთობის განმტკიცებისთვის. კვლევა თვისებრივია და გამოყენებული კვლევის მეთოდია - დოკუმენტების ანალიზი, მეორეულ წყაროებზე დაყრდნობით კვლევა აფასებს ევროკავშირის მიერ საქართველოს მიმართ ჩამოყალიბებულ პოლიტიკას