Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State Universit: Open Journal Systems / ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტი
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The Problem of Integration in the Higher Education System of Georgia
No full textAbstractThe article deals with the educational program 1+4, which was created for the integration of national minorities in Georgia. According to the program the representatives of national minorities (Armenians and Azerbaijanis) are enrolled at the higher educational programs under condition of completing intensive Georgian language study course and continuing their study in Georgian language for the BA degree afterwards. The program was a success story and is positively assessed from the side of representatives of national minorities. Nevertheless there are some problems as well, namely 1 year study course of the Georgian language is not enough for mastering the language.
The root causes of the Armenian-Azerbaijani war. International community's position on Nagorny Karabakh
Get PDFThe war between Armenia and Azerbaijan, which started in September 2020 is a result of the conflict originating from a previous century. The territory of Nagorny Karabakh for a long time remains the stumbling block between two countries. The reasons that led to the war in September 2020 are set in history of Nagorny Karabakh and in various factors which influenced the development of the conflict
A Form of Patrimonial Governance in Modern Georgia
No full text The development of modern technology is followed by the rationalization of human behavior, which excludes any superfluous and ineffectiveness. This trend is particularly evident in the service sector, where IT technologies are used. At the same time, the industry is experiencing changes, introducing the kind of certain devices and processes that require minimal human participation. These transformations involve changes in the economic behavior of business entities. However, the current system of government in modern Georgia prevents and opposes these changes. Any rationalization implies action based on an abstract system of rules. The form of government in Georgia shows that the government is above the rules and can exercise power without any restrictions. The article presents the contradiction between the rationalization of modern production technologies and the state administration system in modern Georgia.
February 25, 1921, in Modern Georgian Historiography
No full textThe paper discusses certain recent works of Georgian prominent authors about Georgian historiography, particularly on the topic of February 25, 1921, which is an important and significant issue for Georgia. The works show and highlight that Georgia has never tolerated the loss of independence after the annexation and abolition of statehood by the Russian Empire.The paper stresses that the topic of February 25, 1921, is presented in detail in modern Georgian historiography, moreover, it is worth saying that the authors working over the topic are researchers of different generations. It is not surprising that the authors working during the Soviet period, under that regime, assessed reality from a completely different position. The Article observes the two types of authors: first, who have been observing the dynamics of political processes and scientific activities since the Soviet period, mainly after the restoration of Georgia's state independence, and second, who are actively investigating the current events.
Contrasting Images of the European Union in Georgia
No full textThe paper explores controversial representation of the European Union in the Georgian political public sphere through the deconstruction of public political narratives of the pro-Western and anti-Western/pro-Russian political and societal forces in Georgia. The dis-information incursion and propaganda of the Russian Federation in the societal landscape of Georgia – soft power capabilities of Moscow – have become the primary tools of the Kremlin to undermine the soft-power policy of the EU and the pro-Western/pro-EU driven agenda in Georgia. The study reflects on the rotating political discourses on the EU through narrative analysis and deconstructs those metanarratives, which legitimize or undermine the pro-Western foreign policy discourses in Georgia. The mutually exclusive metanarratives build on shared cultural values (the pro-Western) and religious commonality (the pro-Russian): the pro-Western – on the myth of Georgians as an ancient European nation and on the 200 years-long Russian colonization, embedded in symbolisms of “mental revolution” and “re-joining the European nations;” the anti-EU – on the Orthodox unity and on a belief that balanced politics between Russia and the West will restore country’s territorial integrity. This fact contributes to the fragmentation of the political public sphere in Georgia and makes it vulnerable to the external encroachments. The pro-Western narrative evolves around liberal conceptions, which try to transform the post-Soviet Georgian society through ‘mental revolution.’ The political discourse analysis – understanding and interpreting meanings – refers to public speeches of elites and policy documents for deconstruction of narrative structures provided by the pro-Western political elites, as their causal explanations provide insights into the ambiguous and contradictory representations of the West/EU in the Georgian political public sphere
Public Servants’ Policy-making In The Modern Georgian Public Administration
No full textScholars in the field of public servants focus on overviews of theories and models, descriptions of policy design and challenges, which stand in the field of public administration. In this point of view, we rarely meet the empirical assumptions and researches based on relevant methodologies, which overview the matters of policy-making, changes and design-implementation. The goal of the research is to study the main characteristics and explanatory reasons of Georgian servants’ policy. Therefore, based on 10 experts’ interviews, 4 laws, 11 ordinances of the government, 5 policy documents, 7 reports and 43 academic sources both hypotheses given in this article has been supported. Based on this, hence we can that the policy making of modern Georgian servants’ policy is characterized by incremental changes, mismatch between the design and implementation, whereas the peculiarities are conditioned by the hybrid model of public administration, which is in close relation with political and administrative culture. In the article, one of the main novelties is the attempt to establish the concept of “public servants’ policy”, which hasn't been used before in the field of political science. Also, it’s worth mentioning that the theoretical framework - the Incrementalism and Multiple streams theory thoroughly explain the logics behind the problems, changes and main characteristics of the policy-making process
At the beginnings of the Contemporary Political Science in Georgia
No full textWith the establishment of the political science as a discipline of academic research Georgian scientists paid special attention to it at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. The article deals with those-days political essays of press materials, ongoing debates among different political parties and translations of works dedicated to different aspects of the politics.The discussion of the above-mentioned materials reveals that in those days Georgia, considering the existing circumstances in the country, comprehension of the concept of a nation and national ideas was of outmost importance. The different aspects of political ideologies should be particularly highlighted and a special attention should be paid to the analysis of international situation. The idea of creating first work on political science emerged (Giorgi Tsereteli, 1896). The above-mentioned points to the fact of emergence of political science in Georgia. This process was further intensified during the existence of the Democratic Republic of Georgia (1981-1921). Although, the imposition of the Soviet rule in Georgia hindered the process of formation of political science in Georgia. The issue of political science was actively debated in the emigrant circles only
Problem of Karabakh Conflict Regulation and its Geopolitical Importance
No full textThe article deals with the history of the conflict around Nagorno Karabakh, attempts of its resolution and those resons due to which these attempt were fruitless. It also deals with the new geopolitical situation which was created after the Armenian-Azerbaijan War of 2020
Youth Organizations of Political Parties in Georgia as a Tool for Political Socialization of Youth (2020 Parliamentary Elections)
Get PDFThe article discusses the role of youth organizations of political parties in the political socialization of young people during the 2020 parliamentary elections in Georgia. In-depth interviews with young representatives of 9 political entities (which crossed the 1% threshold) revealed opportunities for political socialization of youth. It was found that political parties in their ranks do little to encourage young people to develop politically and develop their political careers from youth organizations of political parties.In today's political parties, there is a practical attitude towards the members of youth organizations, which leads to the nihilistic attitude of the youth towards the parties and politics in general, which is why they often leave the party. The pre-election activities of the youth organizations of the parties during the 2020 parliamentary elections were different from the activities of the post-election period. It has been found that the number of young people in the youth wing has dropped dramatically since the election due to a reduction in resources or initiatives by the party
The “Other” 25 February: Newspapers of February 25, 1921 Printed in Tbilisi
No full textThe article deals with the newspapers printed in Tbilisi on February 25, 1921 (“Sakhartvelos Respublika”/”The Republic of Georgia”, “Sakhartvelo”/”Georgia” and “Ertoba”/“Unity”). The Georgian army, according to the decision of the command, unexpectedly left Tbilisi on late evening of February 24. On February 25 the Russian Red Army entered Tbilisi. Meantime, the newspapers printed on the same day appealed for a firm resistance to the enemy. The occupying government prohibited publication of independent press; only couple of issues of the newspaper “Ertoba”/”Unity” was published in Kutaisi.The newspapers published on February 25, 1921 are important sources for the study of the attitudes of those-times. The materials published in these newspapers attest the assessment of existing situation at that time and reflect hopes and expectations of battles waged by the Georgian forces. The newspapers published on February 25 could be grouped into the following categories: 1. Reflection of battles: a). Reports on mobilization and on battle activities; b). General assessment of the ongoing war; c). Organization of the defense of Tbilisi; d). The regions of Georgia for the defense of the motherland; e). Reports on the victims of the war; f). Situation on occupied territories; 2. Reflection of the existing situation in the Caucasus: a). Rebellion in Armenia; b). Situation in Azerbaijan and in the North Caucasus; 3. Criticism of Bolsheviks: a). Situation in the Soviet Russia; b). Anti-Georgian activities of Bolsheviks; c). Crimes conducted by the Russian Red Army during the incursion in Georgia; 4. Expectations for support: a). Address to the League of Nations and reports on the support of Georgia from the side of the West; b). Information published in the Western newspapers on the attack of the Soviet Russia to Georgia