1928 research outputs found
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CAFF Monitoring Series Report No. 1 - Development of a pan-Arctic monitoring plan for polar bears: background paper
Get PDFCAFF Monitoring Series Report No. 1 - Development of a pan-Arctic monitoring plan for polar bears: background paper. Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Programme,CAF
Senior Arctic Official (SAO) Report to Ministers, Nuuk Greenland, 2011
Get PDFArctic Council Senior Arctic Officials' (SAO) Report to Ministers. Arctic Council Nuuk Ministerial Meeting in Greenland, May 2011
Polar Research Education, Outreach and Communication during the fourth IPY: How the 2007–2008 International Polar Year has contributed to the future of education, outreach and communication.
Get PDFOne year after the launch of the International Polar Year (IPY) Education, Outreach and Communication (EOC) Assessment Project the task of inventorying and investigating the hundreds of IPY EOC programmes that occurred during the IPY 2007-08 is now complete. Supported by APECS, IASC and SCAR, this ICSU funded project is the only global examination of what happened in outreach during IPY. The latest IPY event was one of the most ambitious polar research programmes to date, tens of thousands of scientists and students participated, but IPY also set out to involve members of the general public in active polar science endeavours on a global scale. How successful was this part of the IPY plan?
With over 550 IPY EOC activities, from more than 70 countries in 25 languages IPY EOC is one of the largest global investments in science outreach to date. The IPY EOC Assessment brought together educators, communications personnel and researchers and the resulting report examines the success of IPY EOC efforts, and discusses why IPY EOC was able to reach its goals and beyond. From the experience of IPY, the report also outlines a set of lessons learned on how to improve science outreach across a variety of disciplines. These lessons will be useful for other science outreach projects - large or small - regional, national or international.
IPY EOC went to new heights, depths and extremes to take people to the poles and to take the poles to the people. Now the legacy of IPY outreach is helping to shape the future of science education and outreach.
You can also search the online Polar Outreach Catalogue - a growing inventory of these IPY projects and new outreach efforts to help educate the world about the global importance of the polar regions.
http://apecs.is/education-outreach/catalogu
Megatrends
Get PDFThe current pace of global change has already had a decisive impact on the Arctic. To understand the current and likely future situation in the Arctic it is important to acknowledge the pre-conditions, challenges and tendencies at work here.
Some of these developments should be characterised as megatrends because they overarch and impact on everything else. They are trends deemed so powerful that they have the potential to transform society across social categories and at all levels, from individuals and local-level players to global structures, and eventually to change our ways of living and thinking
A Matter of Survival. Arctic Communications Infrastructure in the 21st CenturyArctic Communications Infrastructure Assessment (ACIA)
Get PDFThe Arctic Communications Infrastructure Assessment (ACIA) identifies the issues and challenges facing governments and service providers in ensuring the Canadian Arctic is properly connected for the benefit of Arctic citizens and all Canadians
Review of China's scientific research progress in polar meteorology in the last 30 years
Get PDFThe Antarctic and Arctic are sensitive to global climate change; therefore, they are key regions of global climate change research. This paper, the progress in scientific investigations and research regarding the atmosphere in the polar regions over the last 30 years by Chinese scientists is summarized. Primary understanding of the relationship between the polar regions and global change, especially, the variations in time and space in the Antarctic and Arctic regions with respect to climate change is indicated. Operational weather forecasts for investigation of the polar regions have also been established. Moreover, changes in sea ice and their impact on the atmosphere of polar regions have been diagnosed and simulated. Parameterization of the atmospheric boundary layer of different underlying layers and changes in the atmospheric ozone in the polar region has also been experimented. Overall, there has been great progress in studies of the possible impact of changes in the atmospheric environment of polar regions on circulation in East Asia and the climate of China
Thermodynamic processes of lake ice and landfast ice around Zhongshan Station, Antarctica
Get PDFThermodynamic processes of ice in three lakes and landfast ice around Zhongshan Station, Antarctica, were observed in 2006. The mass balance of lake ice was compared with that of landfast ice. The responses of lake ice and sea ice temperatures to the local surface air temperature are explored. Vertical conductive heat fluxes at varying depths of lake ice and sea ice were derived from vertical temperature profiles. The freeze up of lake ice and landfast ice occurred from late February to early March. Maximum lake ice thicknesses occurred from late September to early October, with values of 156{177 cm. The maximum sea ice thicknesses of 167{174 cm occurred relatively later, from late October to late November. Temporal variations of lake ice and landfast ice internal temperatures lagged those of air temperatures. High-frequency variations of air temperature were evidently attenuated by ice cover. The temporal lag and the high-frequency attenuation were greater for sea ice than for lake ice, and more distinct for the deeper ice layer than for the upper ice layer. This induced a smaller conductive heat flux through sea ice than lake ice, at the same depth and under the same atmospheric forcing, and a smoother fluctuation in the conductive heat flux for the deeper ice layer than for the upper ice layer. Enhanced desalination during the melt season increased the melting point temperature within sea ice, making it different from fresh lake ice
Variation of upper-ocean heat content in the Canada Basin in summers of 2003 and 2008
Get PDFConductivity, temperature, and depth data collected during the summers of 2003 and 2008 were used to study upper-ocean (top 200 m) heat content in the Canada Basin. The variation of heat content with depth, heat content differences between the summers, principal driving factors, and horizontal spatial scale differences were analyzed. A catastrophic reduction of sea ice cover in the Canada Basin was evident in 2008 by comparison with 2003, suggesting that more solar radiation was absorbed in the upper ocean during the summer of 2008. The sea ice reduction produced more freshwater in the upper ocean. Thus, seawater properties changed. The study shows that the huge reduction of sea ice would result in two changes-widespread warming of the upper ocean, and the depth of Pacific inflow water in the basin increased substantially. Near-surface temperature maximum (NSTM) water was also analyzed as an indicator of Arctic Ocean warming
On board measurement of black carbon aerosols over the Arctic Ocean in summer
Get PDFThis paper presents aerosol black carbon (BC) concentrations measured at deck level on board the R/V XUE LONG icebreaker. The vessel cruised the Arctic Ocean carrying an in situ aethalometer during the summers of 2008 and 2010. The courses of the third Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition (3rd CHINARE - Arctic, August 2008) and fourth Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition (4th CHINARE-Arctic, from late July to August 2010) were bounded by 173°W - 143°W and 178°E - 150°W, with northernmost points 85°250N and 88°260N, respectively. Results show low surface BC concentrations over the ocean throughout the courses, with means (standard error) of 6.0 (±4.7) ng * m(-3) for 3rd CHINARE-Arctic, and 8.4(±7.1) ng * m(-3) for 4th CHINARE- Arctic. It is clear that these onboard BC concentrations are similar to reported data from coastal stations in the Arctic region. The latitude-average BC concentration varied from 3.0 - 26.2 ng * m(-3) for 3rd CHINARE-Arctic, to 4.2 - 20.5 ng * m(-3) for 4th CHINARE-Arctic. At latitudes higher than 72°N for 3rd CHINARE-Arctic and 75°N for 4th CHINARE-Arctic, BC concentrations were lower and had negligible latitudinal gradients. Analysis indicates that the presence of the Arctic front isolates the lower atmosphere of the high-latitude Arctic Ocean from low-latitude terrestrial transport. This maintains the very low BC concentrations and negligible concentration gradients at high latitudes of the Arctic Ocean during summer. Calculated airmass backward trajectories for the two expeditions show that the Arctic front in 2010 was further north than in 2008, which caused different latitudinal variation of BC concentration in the two years
Marine hydrographic spatial-variability and its cause at the northern margin of the Amery Ice Shelf
Get PDFConductivity, temperature and depth(CTD) data collected along a zonal hydrographic section from the northern margin of the Amery Ice Shelf on 25–27 February 2008 by the 24th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE) cruise in the 2007/2008 austral summer are analyzed to study thermohaline structures. Analysis reveals warm subsurface water in a limited area around the east end of the northern margin, where the temperature, salinity and density have east-west gradients in the surface layer of the hydrographic section. The localization of the warm subsurface water and the causes of the CTD gradients in the surface layer are discussed. In addition, the results from these CTD data analyses are compared with those from the 22nd CHINARE cruise in the 2005/2006 austral summer. This comparison revealed that the thermoclines and haloclines had deepened and their strengths weakened in the 2007/2008 austral summer. The difference between the two data sets and the cause for it can be reasonably explained and attributed to the change in ocean-ice-atmosphere interactions at the northern margin of the Amery Ice Shelf