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Body image of dancers in Los Angeles: the cult of slenderness and media influence among dance students
No full textBody image and self-esteem are examined through personal stories among Los Angeles college dancers who grew up in the Hollywood culture of the cult of slenderness. The study incorporates a body image survey, eating disorder screen, and an interview process capturing dancers' lived experiences with daily pressures. Dancers reveal their experiences with body image struggles and empowerment. Quantitative and qualitative results point to a need for future social activist intervention with dancers in their formative years when body image concepts are formed. At this time of need and rebellion, the dance community could support change by increasing focus on wellness to better support girls and women so mediated pressures will not continue to squelch the self-esteem of girls and women
COMMERCIAL AND SYNTHESIZED ADDITIVES FOR BIODIESEL FUEL: A REVIEW
Get PDFABSTRACT In this paper a classification and analysing of commercial and synthesized additives used with biodiesel by different researchers was conducted. Biodiesel is widely accepted as an alternative fuel comparable to petroleum diesel in compression ignition engines. It is relatively poor cold flow property is a characteristic which limits its application. Here, fuel additives become the most viable choice not only to decrease this drawback but also to produce specified products that meet international and regional standards. This article covers a deep and through literature review of the effect of different additives on biodiesel properties, engine performance, and emission characteristics. The additives usage in biodiesel is inseparable both for improving the cold flow properties and for better engine performance and emission control. It can be concluded from the literature that specific additives for biodiesel remain at their infancy. Further research is needed to develop biodiesel specific additives
Convergence of a stochastic method for the modeling of polymeric fluids
No full textAbstract We present a convergence analysis of a stochastic method for numerical modeling of complex fluids using Brownian configuration fields (BCF) for shear flows. The analysis takes into account the special structure of the stochastic partial differential equations for shear flows. We establish the optimal rate of convergence. We also analyze the nature of the error by providing its leading order asymptotics
Tripping up TRIPS debates IP and health in bilateral agreements
Get PDFAbstract: Access to medicine is at the forefront of multilateral debates on patent law. This paper argues that bilateralism allows the USA to circumvent these debates and to set new international standards. Recently-concluded US Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) impose more stringent conditions than the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) requires. Although these 'TRIPs-plus provisions' are not technically incompatible with the Doha Declaration on Public Health, they can be considered as additional barriers for the entry of generic medicines
Structure-based drug design: NMR-based approach for ligand-protein interactions
No full textThe realization of the powerfulness in analyzing ligandprotein interactions at the atomic resolution has made NMR techniques increasingly attractive in drug discovery and development. With some significant new method developments during the past few years, NMR-based approaches will undoubtedly be helpful in high throughput screening and in providing structural and interaction information beneficial for new drug developments. Here in this review, instead of providing an exhaustive account of applications of NMR, we will seek to highlight some key points related to the solution state NMR methods for extracting information from both ligands and proteins
Trapping of a Nonpeptide Ligand by the Extracellular Domains of the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Results in Insurmountable Antagonism
No full textABSTRACT Drugs that exhibit insurmountable antagonism are proposed to provide improved clinical efficacy through extended receptor blockade. Long-term suppression of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) is an important therapeutic approach for a number of sex hormone-dependent diseases. In this study, we describe the mechanism and structural components required for insurmountable activity of a GnRHR antagonist. TAK-013 behaves as an insurmountable antagonist at the human receptor (hGnRHR) but as a surmountable antagonist at the macaque receptor (mGnRHR). Mutation of the eight residues that differ between hGnRHR and mGnRHR identified Ser-203 and Leu-300 in extracellular loops (ECL) 2 and 3 of hGn-RHR as essential for the insurmountability of TAK-013. Substitution of the corresponding residues in mGnRHR with Ser and Leu (mGnRHR-P203S/V300L) converts TAK-013 to an insurmountable antagonist. In addition, mutation of Met-24 to Leu in the amino terminus of hGnRHR also ablates the insurmountable antagonism of TAK-013. The mechanism of insurmountability of TAK-013 was determined to be governed by its rate of dissociation from the receptor. Although the association rates of TAK-013 to hGnRHR, mGnRHR, and mGnRHR-P203S/ V300L do not differ, the dissociation rate half-life correlates closely with the degree of insurmountability observed (169, 9, and 55 min, respectively). Taken together, these data suggest a model of the GnRHR in which ECL2, ECL3, and the amino terminus engage with TAK-013 upon its binding to the transmembrane region of the receptor. These additional interactions form a "trap door" above TAK-013, restricting its dissociation and thus resulting in its insurmountability
