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Serial Analysis of Gene Expression
No full textSerial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) is a powerful tool, which provides quantitative and comprehensive expression profile of genes in a given cell population. It works by isolating short fragments of genetic information from the expressed genes that are present in the cell being studied. These short sequences, called SAGE tags, are linked together for efficient sequencing. The frequency of each SAGE tag in the cloned multimers directly reflects the transcript abundance. Therefore, SAGE results in an accurate picture of gene expression at both the qualitative and the quantitative levels. It does not require a hybridization probe for each transcript and allows new genes to be discovered. This technique has been applied widely in human studies and various SAGE tags/SAGE libraries have been generated from different cells/tissues such as dendritic cells, lung fibroblast cells, oocytes, thyroid tissue, B-cell lymphoma, cultured keratinocytes, muscles, brain tissues, sciatic nerve, cultured Schwann cells, cord blood-derived mast cells, retina, macula, retinal pigment epithelial cells, skin cells, and so forth. In this review we present the updated information on the applications of SAGE technology mainly to human studies
PARTITIONING OF MOBILE NETWORK INTO LOCATION AREAS USING ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION
No full textAbstract. Location determination of users in a cellular mobile network is an important issue in the area of location management. One strategy used in location management is to partition the network into location areas, in such a way that the total cost is a minimum. Total cost is the sum of handoff (update) cost and paging cost. Finding the optimal number of location areas and the corresponding configuration of the partitioned network is a difficult combinatorial optimization problem and is In this paper, we use an ant colony optimization method to obtain the optimal number of location areas and the corresponding configuration of the partitioned network. The work could also be useful for location of sensors in wireless sensor networks
Coding for a Network Coded Fountain
No full textAbstract-Batched sparse (BATS) codes are proposed for transmitting a collection of packets through communication networks employing linear network coding. BATS codes generalize fountain codes and preserve the properties such as ratelessness and low encoding/decoding complexity. Moreover, the buffer size and the computation capability of the intermediate network nodes required to apply BATS codes are independent of the number of packets for transmission. It is verified theoretically for certain cases and demonstrated numerically for the general cases that BATS codes achieve rates very close to the capacity of linear operator channels
Animals Miniaturization of Two-Photon Microscopy for Imaging in Freely Moving Topic Introduction Miniaturization of Two-Photon Microscopy for Imaging in Freely Moving Animals
No full textThis article describes the development and application of miniaturized two-photon-excited fluorescence microscopes ("two-photon fiberscopes"). Two-photon fiberscopes have been developed with the aim of enabling high-resolution imaging of neural activity in freely behaving animals. They use fiber optics to deliver laser light for two-photon excitation. Their small front piece typically contains a miniature scanning mechanism and imaging optics. Two-photon fiberscopes can be made sufficiently small and lightweight to be carried by rats and mice and to allow virtually unrestricted movement within a behavioral arena. Typically mounted to the animal's skull above a cranial window, two-photon fiberscopes permit imaging of cells down to at least 250 µm below the brain surface (e.g., in rat neocortex). In freely exploring animals, action-potential-evoked calcium transients can be imaged in individual somata of visual cortex neurons bulk-labeled with a calcium indicator. Two-photon fiberscopes thus enable high-resolution optical recording of neural activity with cellular resolution during natural behaviors
Open Access Scholarly Publishing: A Chance for Maximization of Research Productivity among Academics in Nigerian Federal Universities
No full textIn vivo Optical Diagnosis of Polyp Histology: Can We Omit Pathological Examination of Diminutive Polyps?
No full textEvaluation of Physical Stability of Oleogels Containing Diclofenac Diethylamine
No full textABSTRACT Oleogels are semisolid systems obtained with an organogelator and a hydrophobic liquid that have been investigated over the past few years and that could play an important role as dermatological bases. Recently, we have developed a formulation containing Diclofenac Diethylamine (1.16 % w/w) in two oleogel bases of Colloidal Silicon Dioxide (7.0 % w/w) in Sesame oil (CSD-SO) and another one of Colloidal Silicon Dioxide (7.5 % w/w) in Light liquid paraffin (CSD-LP). The aim of this study is to access their physical stability using different methodologies. The gels were stored at different temperatures (20 0 to 50 0 C) over a period of six months. Appearance and textural properties were assessed on each month. An accelerated test was also performed where the temperature changed between 4 0 and 40 0 C every 24 h, during 7 days. Rheological tests were also carried out as they could provide useful elements to predict stability. The textural properties of both gels were influenced by temperature. The decrease of the textural parameters, observed after storage at 40 0 C and in the cycling test, were more significant in case of CSD-LP gels. The heating/cooling cycle test provided useful information in a short period of time. The gels were quite stable at 20 0 C, being the CSD-SO gel the most stable
Pleural Fluid Analysis: Standstill or a Work in Progress?
Get PDFPleural fluid analysis yields important diagnostic information in pleural effusions in combination with clinical history, examination, and radiology. For more than 30 years, the initial and most pragmatic step in this process is to determine whether the fluid is a transudate or an exudate. Light's criteria remain the most robust in separating the transudate-exudate classification which dictates further investigations or management. Recent studies have led to the evaluation and implementation of a number of additional fluid analyses that may improve the diagnostic utility of this method. This paper discusses the current practice and future direction of pleural fluid analysis in determining the aetiology of a pleural effusion. While this has been performed for a few decades, a number of other pleural characteristics are becoming available suggesting that this diagnostic tool is indeed a work in progress