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Decision making: effects of methylphenidate on temporal discounting in nonhuman primates
No full textRajala AZ, Jenison RL, Populin LC. Decision making: effects of methylphenidate on temporal discounting in nonhuman primates. J Neurophysiol 114: 70 -79, 2015. First published May 13, 2015 doi:10.1152/jn.00278.2015.-Decisions are often made based on which option will result in the largest reward. When given a choice between a smaller but immediate reward and a larger delayed reward, however, humans and animals often choose the smaller, an effect known as temporal discounting. Dopamine (DA) neurotransmission is central to reward processing and encodes delayed reward value. Impulsivity, the tendency to act without forethought, is associated with excessive discounting of rewards, which has been documented in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Both impulsivity and temporal discounting are linked to the dopaminergic system. Methylphenidate (MPH), which blocks the DA transporter and increases extracellular levels of DA in the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex, is a primary treatment for ADHD and, at low doses, ameliorates impulsivity in both humans and animals. This study tested the hypothesis that low doses of MPH would decrease the discounting rate of rhesus monkeys performing an intertemporal choice task, suggesting a reduction in impulsivity. The results support this hypothesis and provide further evidence for the role of DA in temporal discounting and impulsive behavior
Implementation of Bus Arbiter Using Round Robin Scheme
Get PDFABSTRACT :In System on Chip (SoC) buses, intellectual properties (IPs) need to communicate with each other to access the required functionality. When the SoC bus is connected with more IPs, contentions occur while multiple IPs requests the bus at the same time. This makes on-chip bus based communication a major challenge for the system designer in the current SoC technology. The communication architectures must be able to adapt themselves according to the real-time requirements of the IPs. Hence, bus arbiters are proposed.The arbiter block plays important role in the SoC shared bus communication. The masters on a SoC bus may issue requests simultaneously and hence an arbiter is required to decide which master is granted for bus access. Bus Arbiter plays a vital role in handling the requests from the master and responses from slave (like Acknowledgement signal, Retry, etc). The main objective of arbitration algorithms is to ensure that only one master has access to the bus at any given time, all the other masters are forced to remain in the idle state until they are granted the use of the bus
FIRST RECORD OF ORCHESTIA GAMMARELLUS (CRUSTACEA: AMPHIPODA: TALITROIDEA) IN CHILE, WITH COMMENTS ON ITS MORPHOLOGIC VARIABILITY
Get PDFAbstract The presence of Orchestia gammarellus is confirmed for first time in Chile, based on specimens of three populations from Changa beach (Coquimbo Region), Los Lilenes beach (Valparaiso Region) and Pelluco (Los Lagos Region). This species is the third amphipod reported as exotic in the country and meet 7 of 10 criteria for recognition of introduced crustacean species. Information for the identification of the species and comments about morphologic variability of Chilean specimens are given. Differences between specimens of Chilean populations suggest the occurrence of different colonization events from European and Northamerican pathways
Improving Readability of Swedish Electronic Health Records through Lexical Simplification: First Results
Get PDFAbstract This paper describes part of an ongoing effort to improve the readability of Swedish electronic health records (EHRs). An EHR contains systematic documentation of a single patient's medical history across time, entered by healthcare professionals with the purpose of enabling safe and informed care. Linguistically, medical records exemplify a highly specialised domain, which can be superficially characterised as having telegraphic sentences involving displaced or missing words, abundant abbreviations, spelling variations including misspellings, and terminology. We report results on lexical simplification of Swedish EHRs, by which we mean detecting the unknown, out-ofdictionary words and trying to resolve them either as compounded known words, abbreviations or misspellings
STUDIES ON LAND USE/LAND COVER AND CHANGE DETECTION OF G.MADUGULA TRIBAL MANDAL OF VISAKHAPATNAM DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA -USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNIQUES
Get PDFABSTRACT Land use/ land cover is an important component in understanding the interactions of the human activities with the environment and thus it is necessary to monitor and detect the changes to maintai
Assessing Security Threats Posed by Ruma- Kukar Jangarai Forest Reserve to Batsari Local Government Area, Katsina State Nigeria
Get PDFAbstract: There are several know cases of forests serving as camping sites for rebel or insurgents groups that launch attacks on government forces or the local people. In the continent of Africa not only forests but even forest reserves and national parks were strong holds of rebels, insurgents or other groups engage in launching attacks. This paper assesses the security threats posed by Ruma/Kukar Jangarai forest reserve to Batsari local government area Katsina State. Data for the study were generated from field visits, field observation and interview with the local people some of who are affected by the insecurity situation. The results indicated five main threats posed by the forest reserve and the people responsible for creating the threats. The results also indicate that the attacks were on weekly basis and the valuables lost include human lives, money in cash, cattle, women and girls. There are however responses from the security agents and the local people towards overcoming the threats which have not effective towards eliminating the threats. It is therefore recommended urgent and decisive measures should be taken by the new government in Katsina State towards overcoming the threats posed by the forest reserve to Batsari local government area
ON AN INEQUALITY OF DIANANDA. PART II
Get PDFWe extend the result in part I, 2003, of certain inequalities among the generalized power means
Synthesis and structural characterization of novel new Co (II) complexes of heteroatom bearing ligandsCo 2 (L 1 )(SO 4 ) 2 (H 2 O) 4 ] 2 . 2.5H 2 O, [Co 2 (L 2 )(SO 4 ) 2 (H 2 O) 4 ] 2 . 2H 2 O and [Co 2 (L 3 ) 2 (SO 4 ) 2 (H 2 O) 2
No full textABSTRACT In this study, the ligands of bis(2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole) (L 1 ), bis(2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazolyl)methane (L 2 ) and bis(2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazolyl)benzene (L 3 ) have been synthesized via the reactions of oxalic acid (1a), malonic acid (1b) and terephthalic acid (1c) with thiosemicarbazide. The structures of (L 1 ), (L 2 ) and (L 3 ) compounds have been elucidated, by elemental and spectroscopic analyses. Then, novel new Co (II) complexes of (L 1 ), (L 2 ) and (L 3 ) have been synthesized; and the structures of these complexes have been determined by elemental analysis, spectrometric and TGA/DTA methods and magnetic susceptibility and molar conductivity measurements. Coordination numbers of dimeric, L 1 Co and L 2 Co complexes and monomeric L 3 Co complex are found to be six. From the elemental analyses and mass spectra data, the complexes were proposed to the formulas [Co 2 (L 1 ) (SO