Geodynamics & Tectonophysics (E-Journal) / Геодинамика и тектонофизика
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DIACHRONOUS EVOLUTION OF BACK-ARC BASINS IN THE SOUTH TIANSHAN: INSIGHTS FROM STRUCTURAL, GEOCHRONOLOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE WUWAMEN OPHIOLITE MÉLANGE
Get PDFThe South Tianshan is located to the north of the Tarim block and defines the southern margin of the Paleozoic Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). This study presents new structural data, geochronological and geochemical results for the Wuwamen ophiolite mélange in the Chinese segment of the South Tianshan. In the south, the Wuwamen ophiolite mélange shows typical block-in-matrix fabrics and occurs in the footwall of a south-dipping thrust fault, hanging wall of which is composed of weakly metamorphosed and deformed Lower Paleozoic marine to deep marine sequences from the South Tianshan. In the north, a southdipping thrust fault juxtaposes the Wuwamen ophiolite mélange in its hanging wall against the high-grade and strongly deformed metasedimentary rocks from the Central Tianshan in its footwall.The South Tianshan is located to the north of the Tarim block and defines the southern margin of the Paleozoic Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). This study presents new structural data, geochronological and geochemical results for the Wuwamen ophiolite mélange in the Chinese segment of the South Tianshan. In the south, the Wuwamen ophiolite mélange shows typical block-in-matrix fabrics and occurs in the footwall of a south-dipping thrust fault, hanging wall of which is composed of weakly metamorphosed and deformed Lower Paleozoic marine to deep marine sequences from the South Tianshan. In the north, a southdipping thrust fault juxtaposes the Wuwamen ophiolite mélange in its hanging wall against the high-grade and strongly deformed metasedimentary rocks from the Central Tianshan in its footwall
ГЕОДИНАМИЧЕСКАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ НОВЕЙШИХ СТРУКТУР И ПОЛЯ ТЕКТОНИЧЕСКИХ НАПРЯЖЕНИЙ СЕВЕРО-ВОСТОКА АЗИИ
Get PDFBased on the analysis of changes in the stress-strain state of the crust at the boundary of the Eurasian and North American tectonic plates, we develop a dynamic model of the main seismogenerating structures inNortheast Asia. We have established a regularity in changes of geodynamic regimes within the interplate boundary between the Kolyma-Chukotka crustal plate and the Eurasian, North American and Pacific tectonic plates: spreading in the Gakkel Ridge area; rifting in the Laptev Sea shelf; a mixture of tectonic stress types in the Kharaulakh segment; transpression in the Chersky seismotectonic zone, in the segment from the Komandor to the Aleutian Islands, and in the Koryak segment; and crustal stretching in the Chukotka segment.Анализ изменений напряженно-деформированного состояния земной коры, проведенный вдоль границы Евразийской и Североамериканской литосферных плит, позволил обосновать динамическую модель главных сейсмогенерирующих структур территории северо-востока Азии. В пределах единой межплитной границы, отделяющей Колымо-Чукотскую коровую плиту от Евразийской, Североамериканской и Тихоокеанской литосферных плит, наблюдается закономерная смена геодинамических режимов: спрединг хребта Гаккеля; рифтогенез на шельфе моря Лаптевых; смешанное поле тектонических напряжений в Хараулахском сегменте; транспрессия в сейсмотектонической зоне Черского, на участке от Командорских до Алеутских островов и в Корякском сегменте; растяжение в Чукотском сегменте
DEPLETED SSZ TYPE MANTLE PERIDOTITES IN PROTEROZOIC EASTERN SAYAN OPHIOLITES IN SIBERIA
Get PDFN.L. Dobretsov et al. [1985] first described the rock complexes in Eastern Sayan as ophiolites. Ophiolites formed in Dunzhugur island arc and were obducted onto Gargan block, a Neoarchean crystalline basement of the Tuva-Mongolian Massif (TMM), as a single nappe [Khain et al., 2002; Kuzmichev, 2004]. Zircons from plagiogranite were dated at 1021±5 Ma by multigrain TIMS and 1020±1 Ma by Pb-Pb single-grains evaporation method [Khain et al., 2002]. Later [Kuzmichev, Larionov, 2013] analysed 12 grains of detrital zircons from gravelstone of the Dunzhugur formation and obtained 206Pb/238U ages from 844±8 to 1048±12 Ma. Careful examination of these data shows that 206Pb/238U ages for concordant zircons only vary from 962±11 to 1048±12 Ma.N.L. Dobretsov et al. [1985] first described the rock complexes in Eastern Sayan as ophiolites. Ophiolites formed in Dunzhugur island arc and were obducted onto Gargan block, a Neoarchean crystalline basement of the Tuva-Mongolian Massif (TMM), as a single nappe [Khain et al., 2002; Kuzmichev, 2004]. Zircons from plagiogranite were dated at 1021±5 Ma by multigrain TIMS and 1020±1 Ma by Pb-Pb single-grains evaporation method [Khain et al., 2002]. Later [Kuzmichev, Larionov, 2013] analysed 12 grains of detrital zircons from gravelstone of the Dunzhugur formation and obtained 206Pb/238U ages from 844±8 to 1048±12 Ma. Careful examination of these data shows that 206Pb/238U ages for concordant zircons only vary from 962±11 to 1048±12 Ma
NEW DATA ABOUT AGE AND GEODYNAMIC NATURE OF HAMSARA TERRANE
Get PDFOn the basis of isotopic-geochemical studies and analysis of geological evidences heterogeneity of Hamsara terrane has been determined. Formation of stationed metamorphosed layers underlying the Hamsara formation occurred not earlier than 630 Ma, probably in the oceanic island arc system. Acidic effusive rocks of Hamsara formation were formed in intraplate condition in the range of 462–464 Ma. Sediments of Hamsara formation couldn’t be the part of island arc system and belong to completely other period of geological region development. This is the time of completion of accretion-collision events in the northern part of Altai-Sayan fragment of CAFB adjacent to the Siberian platform.On the basis of isotopic-geochemical studies and analysis of geological evidences heterogeneity of Hamsara terrane has been determined. Formation of stationed metamorphosed layers underlying the Hamsara formation occurred not earlier than 630 Ma, probably in the oceanic island arc system. Acidic effusive rocks of Hamsara formation were formed in intraplate condition in the range of 462–464 Ma. Sediments of Hamsara formation couldn’t be the part of island arc system and belong to completely other period of geological region development. This is the time of completion of accretion-collision events in the northern part of Altai-Sayan fragment of CAFB adjacent to the Siberian platform
ALLOCHTHONOUS MARBLES IN HIGH-GRADE METAMORPHIC TERRANES (A CASE STUDY OF OLKHON TERRANE, WEST BAIKAL AREA, RUSSIA)
Get PDFMarbles are common constituents of high-temperature (HT) metamorphic terranes and shields. They have been traditionally considered as indicators of sedimentary or volcanic origin of related rocks involved into metamorphism which erases the primary features of the protoliths. This approach is correct in most cases, but carbonate and silicate-carbonate rocks, which often make linear bodies, may be allochthonous in some structurally and compositionally complex metamorphic terranes, as in the case of the Olkhon terrane.Marbles are common constituents of high-temperature (HT) metamorphic terranes and shields. They have been traditionally considered as indicators of sedimentary or volcanic origin of related rocks involved into metamorphism which erases the primary features of the protoliths. This approach is correct in most cases, but carbonate and silicate-carbonate rocks, which often make linear bodies, may be allochthonous in some structurally and compositionally complex metamorphic terranes, as in the case of the Olkhon terrane
RIDGE SUBDUCTION IN THE HISTORY OF THE CENTRAL ASIAN OROGENIC BELT: EVIDENCE AND TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS FOR THE EVOLUTION OF AN ACCRETIONARY OROGEN
Get PDFCenozoic ridge subduction and the resultant slab windows have been well documented worldwide [Sisson et al., 2003], especially along the western margins of North and South America [Thorkelson, Taylor, 1989]. The principal characteristics of ridge subduction, which can be used to recognise the process in ancient orogens, include: intrusion of ridge-generated magmas into a forearc in a near-trench position [Marshak, Karig, 1977]; this can be regarded as the hallmark of ridge subduction.Cenozoic ridge subduction and the resultant slab windows have been well documented worldwide [Sisson et al., 2003], especially along the western margins of North and South America [Thorkelson, Taylor, 1989]. The principal characteristics of ridge subduction, which can be used to recognise the process in ancient orogens, include: intrusion of ridge-generated magmas into a forearc in a near-trench position [Marshak, Karig, 1977]; this can be regarded as the hallmark of ridge subduction
ORIGIN OF MELTING ANOMALIES IN THE JAPAN-BAIKAL CORRIDOR OF ASIA AT THE LATEST GEODYNAMIC STAGE: EVOLUTION FROM THE MANTLE TRANSITION LAYER AND GENERATION BY LITHOSPHERIC TRANSTENSION
Get PDFAt the latest geodynamic stage that is characterized by forces and processes of the last 90 Ma the lithosphere of Asia has been reactivated due to four main force factors: 1) mantle melting anomalies, 2) subduction-related interaction between the Pacific plates and the continental eastern margin, 3) convergent interaction between India and the continental southern margin, and 4) quasiperiodic orbital variations of the Earth. The starting point of the latest geodynamic stage [Rasskazov, Chuvashova, 2013] is consistent with the change of the Earth’s rotation due to the resonant interaction of its orbit with the orbit of the Mars in the time interval of 87–85 Ma [Ma et al., 2017].At the latest geodynamic stage that is characterized by forces and processes of the last 90 Ma the lithosphere of Asia has been reactivated due to four main force factors: 1) mantle melting anomalies, 2) subduction-related interaction between the Pacific plates and the continental eastern margin, 3) convergent interaction between India and the continental southern margin, and 4) quasiperiodic orbital variations of the Earth. The starting point of the latest geodynamic stage [Rasskazov, Chuvashova, 2013] is consistent with the change of the Earth’s rotation due to the resonant interaction of its orbit with the orbit of the Mars in the time interval of 87–85 Ma [Ma et al., 2017]
ТЕРМОХРОНОЛОГИЯ МИНГЛИНГ‐ДАЕК ЗАПАДНОГО САНГИЛЕНА (ЮГО‐ВОСТОЧНАЯ ТУВА): СВИДЕТЕЛЬСТВА РАЗВАЛА КОЛЛИЗИОННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ НА СЕВЕРО‐ЗАПАДНОЙ ОКРАИНЕ ТУВИНО‐МОНГОЛЬСКОГО МАССИВА
Get PDFIn West Sangilen (South‐East Tuva, Russia), there are outcrops of metamorphic and magmatic complexes of early Caledonides, which are related to the period of long‐term collisional and post‐collisional events in the north‐ western edge of the Tuva‐Mongolian massif. The evolution of orogenic structures in West Sangilen is an example of the collapse of folded structures in case of changes in tectonic regimes from compression and transpression (collision period) to intra‐ and marginal continental transform‐shear extension (post‐collision period). Numerous geologic fea‐ tures give evidence of changes in the kinematics and characteristics of deformations, as well as in the conditions of metamorphism and magmatism in the study region. However, thinning of the crust during the collapse of the colli‐ sional orogenic structure has not been supported by any direct data. Indicators of such events are the complexes of combined dykes, which are abundant in West Sangilen, especially in the area between the Erzin and Naryn rivers and on the right bank of the Erzin river. The most representative object is a combined basite‐granite dyke at the foot of the Tavit‐Dag mountain. Its position is controlled by the strike‐slip fault system. The thermochronological analysis of mingling rocks shows different ages of the closure of isotope systems: 494.8±5.4 Ma (U/Pb, zircon, basites), 489.7±7 Ma (U/Pb, zircon, granitoids), 471.2±1.9 Ma (Ar/Ar , amphibole, basites), and 462.5±1.0 Ma (Ar/Ar, biotite, basites). Taking into account the parameters of the closure of isotope systems (~800–900 °C, zircon, U/Pb; ~500 °C, amphi‐ bole, Ar/Ar; ~300 °C, biotite, Ar/Ar), the cooling curve of the mingling dyke is estimated. It corresponds to lowering of the temperature by 600 °C (900 °С 500 °С 300 °C) in the period from 500 (494.8±5.4) Ma to 461 (462.5±1.0) Ma. It is shown that the recent thermal events did not affect the mingling dyke located on the Tavit‐Dag site. The sequen‐ tial changes in the age of the closure of isotope systems are indicative of thinning of the crust in the study region during the post‐collisional collapse of the orogenic structure. According to the geological and thermochronological data, the mingling dykes on the Tavit‐Dag site were moved from the deep crust (~27 km) to a more shallow level (10 km) at a rate of about 0.5 km per 1.0 Ma. This process lasted for about 32 Ma, and the temperature was decreasing by 18.6 °С per 1.0 Ma.В пределах Западного Сангилена (Юго‐Восточная Тува) обнажены метаморфические и магматические комплексы ранних каледонид, относящихся к периоду длительных коллизионных и постколлизионных событий на северо‐западной окраине Тувино‐Монгольского массива. Эволюция орогенных структур в пределах Западного Сангилена может служить примером развала складчатых сооружений при смене режимов сжатия и транспрессии (период коллизии) режимом внутри‐ и окраинно‐континентального трансформно‐сдвигового растяжения (постколлизионный период). Существуют многочисленные геологические свидетельства, указывающие на происходившие при этом изменения в кинематике и характере деформаций, а также в условиях метаморфизма и магматизма региона. Однако данных, прямо подтверждающих утонение земной коры в процессе развала коллизионной орогенной структуры, до настоящего времени не было. В качестве индикаторов этих событий на Западном Сангилене могут выступать комплексы комбинированных даек, широко распространенные в междуречье рек Эрзин и Нарын и на правобережье реки Эрзин. Наиболее представительным объектом является комбинированная базит‐гранитная дайка у подножия г. Тавыт‐Даг, положение которой контролируется системой трещинных нарушений сдвигового генезиса. Термохронологические исследования пород минглинга показали различный возраст закрытия изотопных систем: 494.8±5.4 млн лет (U/Pb, циркон, базиты), 489.7±7 млн лет (U/Pb, циркон, гранитоиды), 471.2±1.9 млн лет (Ar/Ar, амфибол, базиты) и 462.5±1 млн лет (Ar/Ar, биотит, базиты). С учетом параметров закрытия изотопных систем (~800–900 °С, циркон, U/Pb; ~500 °С, амфибол, Ar/Ar; ~300 °С, биотит, Ar/Ar) оценена кривая остывания минглинг‐дайки. Она отвечает понижению температур на 600 °С (900 °С 500 °С 300 °С) в период с 500 (494.8±5.4) до 461 (462.5±1) млн лет. Показано, что поздние термальные события не затронули минглинг‐дайку участка Тавыт‐Даг. Последовательное изменение возраста закрытия изотопных систем отражает утонение земной коры в регионе в процессе постколлизионного развала орогенной структуры. На основе геологических и термохронологических данных показано, что выведение минглинг‐дайки участка Тавыт‐Даг с глубинных уровней земной коры (~27 км) на уровень, отвечающий 10 км, происходило со скоростью около 0.5 км / 1 млн лет и длилось ~32 млн лет при динамике понижения температуры 18.6 °С за 1 млн лет
Позднекайнозойское разломообразование и напряженное состояние юго-восточной части Сибирской платформы
Get PDFWe have studied the structural geology and geomorphology of the fault zones in the junction area of the Angara-Lena uplift and the Predbaikalsky trough. We have analyzed faults and folds and reconstructed paleostresses for this junction area named the Irkutsk amphitheatre. Our study shows that syn-fold (Middle Paleozoic) faults include thrusts, reverse faults and strike-slip faults with reverse components, that occurred due to compression from the neighbouring folded region. Recently, contrary to compression, faulting took place under the conditions of extension of the sedimentary cover: most of these recent faults have been classified as normal faults. In the Late Cenozoic, the platform cover was subjected to brittle and partly plicative deformation due to the NW–SE-trending extension that is most clearly observed in the adjacent Baikal rift. Thus, the divergent boundary between the Siberian block of the North Eurasian plate and the Transbaikalia block of the Amur plate is a zone of dynamic influence, which occupies the area considerably exceeding the mountainous region on the Siberian platform. Important factors of faulting are differentiated vertical movements of the blocks comprising the platform. Such vertical movements might have been related to displacements of brine volumes. In the Late Cenozoic basins, movements along separate faults took place in the Late Pleistocene – Holocene.Проведены геолого-структурные и геоморфологические исследования зон разломов восточной части Иркутского амфитеатра – зоны сочленения Ангаро-Ленского поднятия и Предбайкальского прогиба. Анализ парагенезов разрывов, складок и реконструкции палеостресса показали, что синскладчатые (среднепалеозойские) разломы представлены надвигами, взбросами и взбросо-сдвигами, сформированными при воздействии сжатия со стороны сопредельной складчатой области. Формирование разломов в новейшее время, напротив, происходило в условиях растяжения осадочного чехла. Разломы этого этапа представлены главным образом сбросами. Хрупкие и, частично, пликативные деформации чехла платформы в позднем кайнозое происходили в условиях растяжения СЗ–ЮВ направления, наиболее ярко выраженного в соседнем Байкальском рифте. Зона динамического влияния дивергентной границы между Сибирским блоком Северо-Евразийской плиты и Забайкальским блоком Амурской плиты, таким образом, простирается внутрь платформы далеко за границы горной области. Важным фактором формирования разломов являются дифференцированные вертикальные движения блоков платформы, в происхождении которых могли участвовать процессы перетекания солевых толщ. В позднекайнозойских впадинах движения по отдельным разломам происходили в позднем плейстоцене – голоцене
TRIASSIC TERMINAL MAGMATISM IN THE SOUTHERN CENTRAL ASIAN OROGENIC BELT: IMPLICATIONS FOR OCEAN CLOSURE IN ACCRETIONARY OROGENS
Get PDFThe key to defining the termination of accretion in an accretionary orogen is to recognize the initial magmatic processes that are generated at the time of ocean closure. We present new age, geochemical and isotopic data for magmatic rocks related to terminal collision along the Solonker-Xar Moron suture zone in the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) that record such processes following closure of the PaleoAsian Ocean (Figure).The key to defining the termination of accretion in an accretionary orogen is to recognize the initial magmatic processes that are generated at the time of ocean closure. We present new age, geochemical and isotopic data for magmatic rocks related to terminal collision along the Solonker-Xar Moron suture zone in the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) that record such processes following closure of the PaleoAsian Ocean (Figure)