Portal Jurnal Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA)
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Regulatory Disharmony of NFTs and the Problematics of Smart Contract Validity: Implications for the Law of Obligations and Fiduciary Security
No full textThis study analyzes the fundamental regulatory disharmony concerning Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) and smart contracts within the Indonesian Civil Law system. The root of the problem is identified as a rechtsvacuüm (legal vacuum) and the "ontological silence" of the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata), which fails to provide a definitive property status (zaak) for digital assets. This failure of the lex generalis triggers a "Regulatory Trilemma," wherein the status of NFTs is fragmented among the commodity regime (Bappebti), property law (KUHPerdata), and Intellectual Property Rights (Copyright Law). This normative-juridical research finds that such disharmony creates a domino effect in two realms. First, it threatens the substantive validity of smart contracts regarding the objective requirement of "a certain subject matter" (Article 1320 of the KUHPerdata) and confronts the adage 'code is law' with the principle of "good faith" (Article 1338 of the KUHPerdata). Second, the potential of NFTs as objects of fiduciary guarantee (UUJF) becomes practically paralyzed due to fundamental obstacles in valuation, registration (centralization vs. decentralization), and execution (private keys). Through a comparative law approach utilizing the Singaporean ruling of Janesh v. Chefpierre, this study recommends the adoption of "functional reasoning" through judicial rechtsvinding and legislative reform of the KUHPerdata to fill the legal void.
The Urgency of Notary Involvement in the Process of Destroying Illegal Fishing Evidence to Achieve Legal Certainty and Justice
No full textIllegal fishing is a serious crime that results in state losses, damage to marine ecosystems, and social injustice for local fishermen. One form of law enforcement carried out by the state is the destruction of evidence in the form of fishing vessels and gear. However, in practice, the process of destroying such evidence still leaves legal issues, particularly regarding legal certainty, accountability, and protection of the rights of related parties. This study aims to analyze the urgency of notary involvement in the process of destroying illegal fishing evidence as an effort to realize legal certainty and justice. The research method used is normative juridical with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results show that notary involvement through the creation of authentic deeds can provide legal certainty, transparency, and strengthen the legitimacy of the action of destroying evidence so that it is in line with the values of substantive justice. Illegal fishing is a serious crime that not only causes economic losses to the state but also damages marine ecosystems and causes social injustice for local fishermen who engage in legal fishing activities. As a form of law enforcement, the state imposes additional criminal sanctions in the form of destroying evidence, particularly vessels and fishing gear used in the crime. However, in practice, the destruction of evidence of illegal fishing still faces various legal challenges, particularly those related to legal certainty, transparency, accountability, and the protection of the rights of the parties involved. This situation has the potential to give rise to legal disputes and undermine the legitimacy of the destruction of evidence. This study aims to analyze the urgency of notary involvement in the process of destroying evidence of illegal fishing as an effort to realize legal certainty and substantive legal justice. The research method used is normative juridical with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach, through a review of laws and regulations in the field of fisheries and notaries as well as relevant legal doctrines. The results of the study indicate that notary involvement through the creation of authentic deeds can provide legal certainty, increase transparency and accountability, and provide legal protection for all interested parties. Thus, notary involvement can strengthen the legitimacy of the policy of destroying evidence of illegal fishing as part of just law enforcement and based on the principles of the rule of law
Legal Policy In Forest Management For The Development Of The Capital City Of Nusantara
No full textPengembangan Ibu Kota Negara (IKN) di Kalimantan Timur memiliki peran besar bagi pengelolaan hutan, mengingat wilayah tersebut didominasi oleh ekosistem hutan tropis dan bekas lokasi pertambangan. Kebijakan pengelolaan hutan dalam pengembangan IKN diarahkan untuk mewujudkan konsep kota hutan lestari, dengan target minimal 65–70% wilayahnya berupa ruang terbuka hijau. Nomor melalui kerangka hukum seperti Undang-Undang 3 Tahun 2022 tentang Ibu Kota Negara, Undang-Undang Kehutanan, dan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 63 Tahun 2022 tentang Rencana Induk IKN, pemerintah telah menegaskan kembali komitmennya terhadap konservasi, rehabilitasi lahan, perlindungan masyarakat adat, dan pengembangan ekonomi hijau. Namun, implementasi kebijakan hukum ini melawan tantangan, seperti tumpang tindih klaim lahan, potensi konflik kepentingan antara pembangunan dan konservasi, serta lemahnya pengawasan dan penegakan hukum lingkungan. Penelitian kebijakan hukum ini, yang didasarkan pada analisis normatif dengan pendekatan legislatif dan konseptual, menyimpulkan bahwa keberhasilan pengelolaan hutan dalam pembangunan IKN tidak hanya bergantung pada regulasi yang ada, tetapi juga pada implementasi yang konsisten, sinergi antarlembaga, dan keterlibatan aktif masyarakat lokal dan adat. Dengan demikian, kebijakan hukum pengelolaan hutan di IKN diharapkan dapat menjadi model pembangunan berkelanjutan yang menyeimbangkan kepentingan, ekonomi, dan sosial
INOVASI MEDIA EVALUASI PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA MELALUI PENGEMBANGAN APLIKASI KAHOOT!
No full textDi era digital saat ini, integrasi teknologi dalam proses evaluasi pembelajaran menjadi kebutuhan penting untuk meningkatkan motivasi dan keterlibatan siswa. Namun, di banyak sekolah, evaluasi pembelajaran masih dilakukan dengan metode konvensional yang kurang menarik dan kurang efektif dalam mengukur pemahaman siswa secara menyeluruh. Penelitian ini mengembangkan media evaluasi pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia berbasis aplikasi Kahoot! khusus untuk materi teks prosedur bagi siswa kelas VIII SMP ITAQ, menggunakan model pengembangan 4D (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). Temuan utama penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media evaluasi berbasis Kahoot! secara signifikan meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dengan nilai rata-rata meningkat dari 77 pada evaluasi konvensional menjadi 85, serta keterlibatan siswa yang lebih aktif dan motivasi yang lebih tinggi selama proses pembelajaran. Validasi ahli menunjukkan media ini layak dan efektif dengan skor validasi materi 80% dan media 84,5%. Media ini juga memberikan umpan balik instan yang membantu siswa memperbaiki pemahaman secara langsung, sehingga proses evaluasi tidak hanya sebagai pengukuran, tetapi juga sebagai sarana pembelajaran interaktif. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi orisinal dengan mengisi kesenjangan pada pengembangan media evaluasi berbasis gamifikasi yang terintegrasi dengan model pengembangan 4D secara sistematis, khususnya untuk materi teks prosedur yang jarang mendapat perhatian khusus. Keunikan lain terletak pada penerapan yang kontekstual di SMP ITAQ sebagai studi kasus nyata, sehingga hasilnya relevan dan aplikatif dalam konteks pembelajaran nyata. Implikasi praktis dari temuan ini adalah guru dapat mengadopsi media evaluasi ini sebagai alternatif metode penilaian yang efektif dan menarik, serta dapat diperluas untuk materi dan jenjang pendidikan lain guna mendukung pembelajaran yang lebih adaptif dan inovatif di era digital
ANALISIS TINGKAT KEBUTUHAN TOKOH UTAMA NOVEL INDUK GAJAH KARYA IRA GITA SEMBIRING
No full textKebutuhan manusia sebagai mahluk sosial sangat beragam, mulai dari kebutuhan dasar hingga kebutuhan untuk aktualisasi diri, seringkali melibatkan aktivitas psikologi dalam memenuhi tingkat kebutuhan dalam diri seseorang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan tingkat kebutuhan pada tokoh utama Ira dalam novel Induk Gajah karya Ira Gita Sembiring berdasarkan teori hierarki kebutuhan Abraham Maslow. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan tehnik analisis isi, yaitu menelaah dan menganalisis teks novel yang berkaitan dengan pemenuhan kebutuhan utama yang menggunakan teori kebutuhan bertingkat Abraham Maslow pada tokoh utama yaitu Ira. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tokoh utama Ira mengalami pemenuhan kebutuhan dengan cara bertahap sesuai dengan teori lima tingkatan kebutuhan Maslow, yaitu (1), kebutuhan fisiologis, (2) kebutuhan rasa aman, (3) kebutuhan kasih sayang dan memiliki, (4) kebutuhan harga diri, (5) kebutuhan aktualisasi diri. Pemenuhan kebutuhan tersebut dideskripsikan melalui pengalaman, konflik dan perjuangan tokoh utama dalam menghadapi tekanan sosial karena mengalami obesitas serta dalam penerimaan diri yang tokoh utama rasakan. Dengan demikian pada novel Induk Gajah tidak hanya menyajikan alur cerita yang menarik mengenai kisah kehidupan untuk dibaca oleh penikmat sastra tetapi juga untuk merefleksi konsep psikologi humanistik yang menekankan pentingnya aktualisasi diri, perjuangan untuk mencapai tujuan kehidupan meskipun harus melalui konflik psikologis dalam kehidupan manusia
KEKERASAN RUMAH TANGGA TERHADAP TOKOH PEREMPUAN DALAM CERPEN RAHASIA KELUARGA OKKY MADASARI
No full textKekerasan rumah tangga merupakan persoalan yang sangat komplek bagi perempuan yang terjadi dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Kekerasan pada perempuan tidak hanya mendapatkan luka fisik tetapi berdampak pada psikologis kejiwaan perempuan representasi kekerasan rumah tangga pada perempuan dalam karya sastra menjadi penting karena perempuan menjadi subjek yang mendapatkan bentuk-bentuk kekerasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan bentuk-bentuk kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, menganalisis dampak psikologis yang ditimbulkan terhadap tokoh perempuan, serta menjelaskan bentuk perjuangan tokoh perempuan dalam melawan kekerasan yang disebabkan oleh gender dan patriaki yang ada dalam keluarga.. Kajian ini menerapkan dua pendekatan utama. Pendekatan psikologi sastra digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi bentuk-bentuk kekerasan yang meliputi kekerasan fisik, psikis, seksual, dan penelantaran yang dialami tokoh perempuan, sekaligus mengungkap dampak psikologis yang muncul akibat pengalaman kekerasan tersebut. Sementara itu, pendekatan feminisme dimanfaatkan untuk menelaah strategi perlawanan perempuan terhadap ketidakadilan gender dan dominasi patriarki yang menjadi sumber utama kekerasan domestik. Data penelitian bersumber dari Antalogi Cerpen Rahasia Keluarga karya Okky Madasari yang memuat 29 cerita pendek. Subjek penelitian adalah tokoh-tokoh perempuan dalam cerita yang mengalami kekerasan dalam ranah keluarga. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tokoh perempuan dalam antologi tersebut mengalami berbagai bentuk kekerasan, meliputi kekerasan fisik (pemukulan dan tindakan agresif lain), kekerasan psikis (penekanan mental, intimidasi, dan penghinaan), kekerasan seksual, serta penelantaran atau kekerasan ekonomi. Kekerasan tersebut memunculkan dampak psikologis yang kompleks, antara lain trauma mendalam, kecemasan kronis, depresi, rasa tidak berdaya, serta gangguan fungsi sosial. Dampak tersebut juga berpengaruh terhadap pola interaksi tokoh perempuan, terlihat melalui kecenderungan menarik diri dari lingkungan, gangguan tidur, perubahan pola makan, serta menurunnya rasa percaya terhadap orang lain. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa bentuk perlawanan perempuan terhadap kekerasan yang disebabkan ketidakadilan gender dan patriaki yaitu dengan melakukan perlawanan terhadap subordinasi, stereotype,dan marginalisasi
Non-Muslim Divorce Practices in Indonesia: An Examination of Court Procedures and Religious Norms in the Light of Islamic Law
No full textIn countries with a Muslim-majority population, legal systems often distinguish between Muslims and non-Muslims, particularly in matters of marriage and divorce. This differentiation creates a structural gap for non-Muslims seeking justice in divorce proceedings, as their rights are frequently not accommodated on an equal basis. The primary objective of this article is to examine the application of Haqq al-Insani al-Asasi within non-Muslim divorce cases in Indonesia, focusing on the implementation of the core Islamic values of justice (al-'adl), equality (al-musawah), and human dignity (karamah insaniyyah). This research employs a qualitative prescriptive design with a normative-juridical approach, drawing upon both literature review and judicial decisions as primary data sources. The study analyses 18 District Court rulings from various regions, including Semarang, Salatiga, Cirebon, Kediri, Magelang, Singkawang, Bekasi, and Manado, to assess how Indonesia’s pluralistic legal system accommodates minority rights within its judicial structure. The framework of Islamic Legal Thought concerning justice, equality, and human dignity serves as the methodological tool for analysing the findings, with data primarily derived from official court documents. The results reveal that the application of Haqq al-Insani al-Asasi in non-Muslim divorce cases remains procedural and formalistic, falling short of achieving substantive justice. Court decisions tend to emphasise factual and administrative aspects while neglecting the moral and theological dimensions inherent in the institution of marriage. This leads to a moral legal dissonance, whereby non-Muslim litigants obtain legal certainty but remain spiritually bound according to their faith traditions. The study identifies three primary challenges: the gap between positive law and religious morality, the structural inequality of Indonesia’s dual-court system, and the limited ethical and spiritual sensitivity in judicial reasoning. These findings underscore the need for a more inclusive, human-centred, and substantively just legal reform that bridges state law and moral theology within Indonesia’s pluralistic judicial context
Self-Regulated Learning Strategies in The Subject of Akidah Akhlak to Reduce Academic Procrastination
No full textThis study aims to explore strategic self-regulated learning in Akidah Akhlak learning to reduce academic procrastination among students. Academic procrastination is a significant problem faced by many students, which can have a negative impact on learning achievement and psychological health. Data shows that around 50% of college students experience procrastination in completing academic tasks, often caused by factors of perceived ability and emotional distress. This research involved students at Aisyiyah Unggulan Junior High School in Bantul, Yogyakarta, using qualitative methods and data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that Akidah Akhlak learning plays an important role in instilling the values of discipline and responsibility, as well as teaching effective self-management strategies. Despite the progress, some students still have difficulties in implementing those values in daily practice, which emphasizes the need for a more systematic approach in education. This study recommends better integration between self-regulated learning strategies and the Akidah Akhlak curriculum to help students manage their academic tasks and reduce the level of procrastinatio
Analysis of Entrepreneurial Education Through The Kid's Market Day In Islamic Elementary School
No full textHis study aims to analyze entrepreneurship learning through Kids' Market Day activities for elementary school students in Sidoarjo Regency. This study employs a descriptive qualitative research method, focusing on the analysis of entrepreneurship learning through Kids' Market Day activities for students at Muhammadiyah 1 Elementary School in Sidoarjo. The sources of information in this study included the principal, curriculum head, teachers, students, and parents. Data collection techniques used interviews, observations, and documentation. Data reduction is a data analysis technique used in this study. Data presentation involves describing the results of field research. Data presentation is done through several stages, namely: (1) recording all data findings in the form of field notes, based on the results of interviews, observations, and documentation that have been carried out; (2) reduction and review of relevant interview, observation, and documentation data; (3) classification of relevant research data; and (4) analysis of research report results by triangulating research data. The results of the study indicate that the Kids Market Day activities implemented at Muhammadiyah 1 Elementary School in Sidoarjo have a significant impact on the development of students' entrepreneurial character from an early age, including self-confidence, responsibility, the courage to take risks, and the ability to manage finances. The implications of this research's findings for education and school policy include strengthening project-based curricula and fostering student character through Kids Market Day activities, which foster entrepreneurial values
Analysis of Learning Difficulties in Reading Al-Qur'an in Adolescent Students at The Khodijah Tahfizh House, Pondok Aren South Tangerang
No full textThis study aims to explain and describe the difficulties of adolescent students in overcoming learning difficulties in reading the Qur'an at Khadijah Tahfizh House. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive type. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. The data analysis stage includes limiting research studies by reducing data, displaying and verifying data. Test the validity of the data using the necessary observation and triangulation. The subjects of this research are Tahsin subject teachers and teenage students of Khadijah Tahfizh House. The results of the research on the difficulties of adolescent students in reading the Qur'an, among others: (1) teenage students have difficulty in distinguishing letters, (2) errors in makhroj (the place where letters come out) and properties (properties that accompany each letter), (3) mad duration errors (short length of letters), (4) errors in ghunnah (holding or buzzing letters). Among the influencing factors are: (1) not associating with competitive friends, (2) lack of support and cooperation from parents when studying at home. The implication of difficulties in learning to read the Qur'an is that teachers at tahfidz institutions can serve as references in the learning process. As for solutions for tahfidz institutions, they can develop programs when accepting new students, teaching methods, and evaluate them regularly