Portal Jurnal Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA)
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Coding-based instruction for developing computational thinking in primary education: a systematic review
No full textThe integration of computational thinking (CT) into elementary education is increasingly viewed as essential for developing students' problem-solving and digital literacy skills. However, effective implementation of CT-based instruction through coding remains varied in practice. This study aims to synthesise empirical evidence on how coding supports CT development in primary school students. A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, with an initial identification of 1145 records from Scopus and Google Scholar. After removing 104 duplicates, 1041 titles and abstracts were screened, and 113 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. Based on the inclusion criteria, five empirical studies published between 2021 and 2025 were selected. Thematic analysis revealed that instructional approaches such as unplugged activities, educational robotics, and pair programming effectively enhanced core CT skills—abstraction, decomposition, and algorithmic thinking—while also promoting student engagement and collaboration. However, persistent barriers include limited teacher readiness, inadequate assessment tools, and unequal access to technology. The study concludes that early exposure to structured coding interventions positively influences CT development. To ensure sustainability and equity, future efforts must focus on teacher training, culturally responsive pedagogy, and integration of CT into the broader curriculum. This review provides a focused synthesis that can guide educational stakeholders in designing and supporting effective CT instruction at the primary level
Legal Protection for Consumers Against Digital Black Campaign Practices in the Skincare Industry in Indonesia
No full textBlack campaign practices in Indonesia’s skincare industry pose a serious threat to consumers, especially in today’s digital landscape where information spreads rapidly through social media, influencers, and anonymous accounts. These practices often involve false claims about product safety or effectiveness, manipulated reviews, and paid endorsements disguised as genuine testimonials. The impact includes misinformation, economic losses, and potential health risks. Indonesia has a relatively comprehensive legal framework, including the Consumer Protection Law (Law Number 8 of 1999), the ITE Law, the Anti-Monopoly Law, and BPOM Regulation Number 18 of 2024. However, overlapping institutional authority, difficulties in proving digital violations, and low consumer legal awareness hinder effective enforcement. Current efforts, such as BPOM’s revocation of distribution permits and consumer education by BPKN and YLKI, are positive but inadequate in addressing the complexity of black campaigns. This research uses a normative-juridical approach to analyze the legal framework, identify regulatory and enforcement gaps, and propose strategic measures. These include strengthening regulations, establishing an integrated complaint mechanism, enhancing digital forensic capabilities, and improving consumer literacy. The findings highlight the need for a comprehensive normative and conceptual strategy supported by regulations, oversight bodies, and digital awareness to create a fair and transparent skincare market in Indonesia
The Effectiveness of Implementing Restorative Justice in Resolving Theft Criminal Acts Based on Benefit (Case Study of The Grobogan District Attorney's Office)
No full textThe concept of restorative justice is an alternative approach within the criminal justice system that aims to resolve criminal cases. Restorative justice emphasizes the integration of the perpetrator, victim, and community as a whole, in order to find solutions and restore harmonious relationships between the perpetrator and victim. Currently, restorative justice is increasingly being applied in resolving criminal cases. This is due to a paradigm shift in criminal law enforcement from retributive justice to restorative justice. This raises questions about how to apply the concept of restorative justice, its weaknesses, and the effectiveness of the concept of expediency-based restorative justice. The results of the discussion related to the problem concluded that the application of Restorative Justice in resolving the crime of theft is carried out through a penal mediation mechanism involving the perpetrator, victim, and law enforcement officers where the application of Restorative Justice faces significant weaknesses where in addition to not being regulated in the Criminal Procedure Code, there is ambiguity especially related to Article 5 paragraph (5) of Prosecutor's Regulation Number 15 of 2020, which does not provide clear guidelines or parameters for the Public Prosecutor in determining cases that can be stopped through a restorative justice approach. In addition, practical obstacles such as difficulty in building trust between the perpetrator and victim and low public legal understanding also affect the effectiveness of the implementation of this regulation, however, related to the effectiveness of the application of Restorative Justice based on benefits is seen in the reduced burden of petty theft cases in court and the acceleration of victim's loss recovery. However, this effectiveness still requires strengthening the support system to be consistent and sustainable
The Role of The Prosecutor in Case Settlement Criminal Acts of Drug Abuse with a Restorative Justice Approach (Case Study at The Kulon Progo District Attorney's Office)
No full textThe prosecutor has a very vital and central role in carrying out the enforcement of law, especially in the application of Restorative Justice in Criminal Acts. The settlement of cases carried out by the Prosecutor against narcotics users is not only about punishing the perpetrators, but also provides the opportunity to rehabilitate, especially for users who are trapped in dependency problems who are not perpetrators involved in the production and distribution of narcotics. The approaches used in this writing are the statute approach, the conceptual approach, and the document analysis approach. This study uses a problem formulation, namely the Role of the Prosecutor's Office in Solving Narcotics Abuse Criminal Cases with a Restorative Justice Approach; Weaknesses in the Settlement of Narcotics Abuse Criminal Cases with a Restorative Justice Approach; The Role of the Prosecutor's Office in Solving Narcotics Abuse Criminal Cases with a Restorative Justice Approach in the future. The approach method used is normative juridical, the research specification is descriptive analytical. Data types and sources use primary data and secondary data. The data collection method is carried out through literature studies and the data analysis method is qualitative analysis. The theories to analyze the research are authority theory, legal system theory, and restorative justice theory. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the Prosecutor's Office has a major role in determining the termination of prosecution for narcotics addicts with rehabilitation conditions, as a link between law enforcement and rehabilitation needs. However, restorative justice practices still face judicial constraints, inter-institutional coordination, capacity of rehabilitation facilities, as well as social influence and post-rehabilitation monitoring. In the future, the role of the Prosecutor's Office is expected to be more strategic and comprehensive by strengthening mechanisms, coordination, and rehabilitation capacity so that case settlement is fairer, more effective, and supports the social recovery of suspects and community protection
Law Enforcement Settlement Illegal Fishing Criminal Act by The West Java Regional Police's Water and Air Police
No full textThis study examines law enforcement against illegal fishing by the Water and Air Police (Polairud) of the West Java Regional Police. Illegal fishing is a serious issue in Indonesia's fisheries management, causing economic losses, environmental degradation, and threatening the sustainability of marine resources. The study aims to analyze the legal framework related to illegal fishing and the authority and role of Polairud West Java in law enforcement. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a juridical-sociological approach. Data were collected through literature review, legal documents, Polairud reports, and fisheries statistics. Narrative analysis was used to explain the law enforcement process, including prevention, intervention, and case resolution of illegal fishing incidents. The results indicate that Indonesia's legal framework is relatively comprehensive through Law No. 31 of 2004 jo. Law No. 45 of 2009 and its implementing regulations. Polairud West Java plays a strategic role through maritime patrols, investigations, seizure of vessels and fishing equipment, and community education. The effectiveness of law enforcement is influenced by inter-agency collaboration, availability of resources, and surveillance technology. The study concludes that increasing personnel and resources, using modern technology, fostering inter-agency cooperation, and conducting continuous community education are key strategies to reduce illegal fishing and support the sustainability of fisheries
The Role of Bhabinkamtibmas in Addressing Crimes Against Women and Children in the Blora Police Jurisdiction
No full textThis research aims to analyze the role of Bhabinkamtibmas in combating crimes against women and children within the jurisdiction of the Blora Police, identify the obstacles faced and their solutions, and formulate strategies to optimize this role in the future. The research uses a qualitative method with a legal-empirical approach, combining literature studies, analysis of official documents, and interviews with police officers, victims, and community leaders. The research results indicate that the Bhabinkamtibmas (Village Security and Order Officer) plays a strategic role as the police's frontline at the village level in prevention, initial enforcement, and victim recovery. These roles include legal socialization, early detection of potential criminal activity, facilitation of reporting, victim support, and coordination with relevant agencies. The obstacles faced include limited personnel, minimal infrastructure, low legal awareness among the public, cultural factors, and coordination constraints between institutions. Referring to Soerjono Soekanto's law enforcement theory and victimology perspectives, these obstacles can be overcome through increased personnel capacity, strengthened cross-sectoral synergy, utilization of digital technology, and more operational regulatory support. The optimal strategy for enhancing the role of Bhabinkamtibmas in the future is directed toward three main aspects: (1) strengthening the competence and professionalism of personnel, (2) developing technology-based detection and reporting systems, and (3) empowering the community as active partners in prevention. This research recommends that the Blora Police, in collaboration with the local government and community, establish an integrated mechanism for the protection of women and children, supported by budget, local regulations, and sustainable education programs
MOTIVASI BELAJAR MEMEDIASI PENGARUH SOSIAL TERHADAP PUTUS SEKOLAH SISWA WILAYAH PERBATASAN INDONESIA
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh lingkungan keluarga dan teman sebaya terhadap motivasi belajar siswa, serta peran mediasi motivasi belajar dalam hubungan antara pengaruh sosial dan kecenderungan putus sekolah. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa putus sekolah jenjang SMA se Kabupaten Malaka. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan proposional sampling yang akan mewakili 12 kecamatan di Kabupaten Malaka. Jumlah sampel adalah 120 siswa putus sekolah. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa lingkungan keluarga dan teman sebaya berpengaruh terhadap motivasi belajar. Motivasi belajar dan teman sebaya berpengaruh terhadap putus sekolah. Sedangkan lingkungan keluarga tidak berpengaruh terhadap putus sekolah. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukan bahwa motivasi belajar berhasil memediasi pengaruh lingkungan keluarga terhadap putus sekolah dan memediasi pengaruh teman sebaya terhadap putus sekola
RELIGIOUS MODERATION AS A FOUNDATION FOR MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peran moderasi beragama sebagai fondasi pembangunan pendidikan multikultural di sekolah dasar. Indonesia merupakan negara dengan beragam budaya dan agama, namun isu-isu seperti intoleransi, isolasi, dan pengaruh negatif media sosial terkadang muncul, sehingga mengganggu keharmonisan di lingkungan sekolah. Moderasi beragama dianggap sebagai solusi untuk menciptakan sikap yang seimbang, toleran, saling menghormati, dan adil. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui wawancara dengan kepala sekolah, guru agama Islam, dan siswa kelas lima dan enam yang berbeda agama di sebuah sekolah dasar negeri di Jepara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa budaya sekolah merupakan cara yang efektif untuk menanamkan nilai moderasi beragama, baik melalui kurikulum, interaksi sehari-hari, maupun kegiatan di luar kegiatan belajar mengajar. Penyediaan tempat ibadah bagi siswa non-Muslim, guru yang menjadi teladan, dan program kerja sama lintas agama telah terbukti mampu membangun kesadaran bersama akan pentingnya menghormati keberagaman. Namun, masih terdapat tantangan, seperti sikap eksklusif beberapa siswa, kurangnya pemahaman guru, dan pengaruh keluarga yang konservatif. Untuk mengatasi hal ini, pelatihan guru, keterlibatan orang tua, dan integrasi nilai-nilai moderasi beragama ke dalam kurikulum diperlukan. Dengan demikian, studi ini menegaskan bahwa moderasi beragama merupakan fondasi krusial bagi penerapan pendidikan multikultural, yang dapat menciptakan lingkungan sekolah yang inklusif, harmonis, dan toleran
The Effectiveness of Criminal Punishment and Rehabilitation Measures for Children as Narcotics Addicts, Reviewed from The Perspective of Child Protection Law (Study of Decision No. 60/Pid.Sus-Anak/2022/Pn Btm)
No full textThe increasing involvement of children in drug abuse is a worrying issue in Indonesia's child protection system. Children who become involved in drugs are not essentially perpetrators of crimes, but rather victims in need of recovery and support. This study was conducted to examine how rehabilitation punishment is applied to children addicted to drugs and the extent to which this mechanism reflects the principles of child protection as mandated by law. The main objective of this study is to understand the effectiveness of rehabilitation punishment in restoring children's condition, protecting their future, and realizing humane justice through a study of Decision No. 60/Pid.Sus-Anak/2022/PN Btm. This research employs a normative legal research method with a case study approach. The analysis examines relevant legal regulations, legal doctrine, and the judge's reasoning in the relevant decision. This approach is combined with an examination of child protection principles and the concept of restorative justice, which serve as the primary basis for handling children in conflict with the law (the best interest of the child). Therefore, this research relies not only on written norms but also on humanitarian values and the social purpose of criminal punishment. The research findings indicate that rehabilitation-based punishment is fundamentally aligned with the principle of the best interests of the child and the restorative justice paradigm. Rehabilitation is considered more capable of meeting children's physical, mental, and social recovery needs than repressive punishment. However, its effectiveness still faces various challenges, such as limited rehabilitation facilities, weak inter-agency coordination, and suboptimal post-rehabilitation support and supervision. Therefore, the success of rehabilitation depends heavily on the quality of implementation, policy support, and the system's commitment to truly positioning children as subjects who must be protected
The Role of The State Intelligence Agency in Combating Cyber Crime Based on Legal Certainty
No full textThe development of information technology has significantly impacted national security, particularly through the increasing complexity and transnational nature of cybercrime threats. This study aims to analyze the role of the State Intelligence Agency (BIN) in combating cybercrime, identify the weaknesses encountered, and formulate BIN's role based on the principle of legal certainty. The research employs a normative legal method with a qualitative approach through literature review. The findings reveal that BIN holds a strategic role in early detection and prevention of cyber threats, as mandated by the attribution of authority in Law Number 17 of 2011 concerning State Intelligence. However, the implementation of this role faces several weaknesses, including overlapping authority with other agencies, the absence of specific regulations, weak inter-agency coordination, insufficient human resources with cyber expertise, and limited technological capabilities. To ensure legal certainty, it is necessary to strengthen regulations that clearly define BIN's authority, establish coordination mechanisms among institutions, and apply the principles of legality, proportionality, and accountability. Reformulating BIN's role based on legal certainty is expected to enhance the effectiveness of cybercrime mitigation while safeguarding human rights in the digital era