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Retweet to donate? Cause-related marketing in the era of social medialization
No full textPurposeThe objectives of this study are threefold: to delineate the phenomenon of "You Share, We Donate" (YSWD) campaigns and what distinguishes them from sales-based cause-related marketing; to contrast the effectiveness of YSWD and sales-based cause-related marketing campaigns and provide an explanation for the differences in the effectiveness; to explore boundary conditions of the proposed differences.Design/methodology/approachThree experiments were conducted to empirically test the differential effect of campaign formats (i.e. YSWD vs sales-based cause-related marketing), the underlying mechanism and structural as well as contextual features moderating the differential effect.FindingsThe findings suggest that YSWD messages elicit consumers' message-sharing intentions more than traditional cause-related marketing messages. The effect is explained by consumers' sense of empowerment and can be enhanced through donation cap non-specification. The findings further indicate that YSWD campaigns are especially fruitful in low power distance cultures.Research limitations/implicationsThis study contributes toward corporate donation campaign literature by focusing on the usage of social media.Practical implicationsFrom a managerial perspective, this research provides marketers with guidelines on how to choose between the two cause-related marketing campaign formats and how to enhance the effectiveness of YSWD campaigns.Originality/valueThis paper extends cause-related marketing literature by not only introducing the phenomenon of YSWD campaigns to the literature but also exploring strategies to enhance the effectiveness of such campaigns and shedding light on an outcome beyond the sales impact of cause-related marketing campaigns, i.e. an increase of visibility in social media. From a managerial perspective, this research provides marketers with guidelines on how to choose between the two cause-related marketing campaign formats and how to enhance the effectiveness of YSWD campaigns
Prediction of star polygon types in islamic geometric patterns with deep learning
No full textHistorical buildings in the Eastern world of architecture host many Islamic geometric patterns which are known as mathematically sophisticated patterns regarding their period of creation. This study focuses on the preparation of a model that can be helpful for the analysis and restoration/maintenance of these patterns. For this, a deep learning model to detect and classify star types in Islamic geometric patterns has been proposed, and the trials were evaluated. Accordingly, this study presents a database containing 5-pointed, 6-pointed, 8-pointed and 12-pointed star types. The database consists of 600 Islamic geometric patterns. A mask RCNN algorithm was trained to detect and classify star types using the prepared database. The results of the training indicate that the loss value is 0.90 and the validation loss value is 0.85. The algorithm was tested using images that it had not seen before and the results were evaluated. This paper presents a discussion on the pros and cons of the trained algorithm
Gıdanın ilaç olarak kullanımı: 14. ve 15. yüzyıl Osmanlı tıp yazmalarında şekerin iyileştirici gücü.
No full textThis thesis intends to explore how people perceived intertwined relationships between food and health in the Ottoman Empire during the early modern era with a particular focus on sugar. Sugarcane which originated from Southeast Asia reached the eastern Mediterranean region in the 7th century. Produced in a long and arduous process, sugar obtained from sugar cane became an object of desire and a status indicator in medieval Arab, European and Ottoman worlds. Sugar was used for multiple practical purposes, including medicinal use. The thesis explores the role of sugar in the Ottoman health system within the framework of humoral theory by examining four Ottoman medical manuscripts from the 14th and 15th centuries. According to the medical manuscripts sugar was considered hot and moist. Different types of sugar such as white sugar, solid white sugar (tabarzad) was used to expel phlegm from the body and to relieve cough. There are also sweets in which it is recommended to use sugar for its benefits. The thesis findings show that being a rare and valuable commodity sugar besides its cultural and symbolic meanings, played an essential role as a medicine in the Ottoman health system based on humoral theory. Moreover, the information obtained from the Ottoman medical manuscripts coincides with the use of sugar in the European medical understanding of the period.Bu tez, şekere odaklanarak, erken modern çağda Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda insanların gıda ve sağlık arasındaki iç içe geçmiş ilişkileri nasıl algıladıklarını keşfetmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Güneydoğu Asya'dan gelen şeker kamışı, 7. yüzyılda Doğu Akdeniz bölgesine ulaştı. Uzun ve meşakkatli bir süreçte üretilen şeker kamışından elde edilen şeker, ortaçağ Arap, Avrupa ve Osmanlı dünyasında bir arzu nesnesi ve statü göstergesi haline geldi. Şeker, tıbbi kullanım da dahil olmak üzere birçok pratik amaç için kullanıldı. Bu tez, 14. ve 15. yüzyıllara ait dört Osmanlı tıp yazmasını inceleyerek, humoral teori çerçevesinde şekerin Osmanlı sağlık sistemindeki rolünü araştırıyor. Tıp yazmalarına göre şeker sıcak ve nemlidir. Beyaz şeker, katı beyaz şeker (tabarzad) gibi farklı şeker türleri balgamı vücuttan atmak ve öksürüğü gidermek için kullanılır. Ayrıca faydaları için şeker kullanılması tavsiye edilen tatlılar da vardır. Şeker, hastalıkları iyileştirmek ve sağlığı dengelemek için kullanılıyordu. Hastanın mizacına göre şeker veya bal ile tarif hazırlanabilir. Tez bulguları, kültürel ve sembolik anlamlarının yanı sıra ender ve değerli bir meta olan şekerin hümoral teoriye dayalı Osmanlı sağlık sisteminde bir ilaç olarak önemli bir rol oynadığını gösteriyor. Şekeri tıbbi amaçlar için etkili bir şekilde kullanılıyordu. Ayrıca Osmanlı tıp yazmalarından elde edilen bilgiler, dönemin Avrupa tıp anlayışında şeker kullanımı ile örtüşmektedir
The composition of descriptive representation
No full textHow well do governments represent the societies they serve? A key aspect of this question concerns the extent to which leaders reflect the demographic features of the population they represent. To address this important issue in a systematic manner, we propose a unified approach for measuring descriptive representation. We apply this approach to newly collected data describing the ethnic, linguistic, religious, and gender identities of over fifty thousand leaders serving in 1,552 political bodies across 156 countries. Strikingly, no country represents social groups in rough proportion to their share of the population. To explain this shortfall, we focus on compositional factors - the size of political bodies as well as the number and relative size of social groups. We investigate these factors using a simple model based on random sampling and the original data described above. Our analyses demonstrate that roughly half of the variability in descriptive representation is attributable to compositional factors.Frederick S. Pardee Center ; World Bank Group ; Boston University ; Cornell UniversityPublisher versio
Defect in the transfer of commercial enterprise.
No full textGünümüz ticari hayatının en önemli aktörlerinden biri, belki de en önemlisi ticari işletmelerdir. Bu sebeple ticaret hukukunun da en kritik konularından biri ticari işletme ve ticari işletmenin devridir. "Ticari İşletmenin Devrinde Ayıp" konusunda hazırlanan bu çalışmada gerek Türk Ticaret Kanunu'nda gerekse de Türk Borçlar Kanunu'nda özel olarak düzenlemiş olan ticari işletmenin devri ve devredilen ticari işletmenin ayıplı olması halinde Türk Borçlar Kanunu'nda düzenlenmiş olan ayıp hükümlerinin ne şekilde uygulanacağı ve ayıptan doğan seçimlik hakların sonuçları incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda çalışmamızın bölümleri "Ticari İşletmenin Devri", "Ticari İşletmenin Devri Bağlamında Ayıp" ve "Ticari İşletmenin Devrinde Ayıptan Doğan Seçimlik Haklar ve Bu Hakların Kullanılmasının Sonuçları" olarak belirlenmiş olup inceleme bu şekilde yapılmıştır.One of the most important actors in today's commercial life, perhaps the most important, is commercial enterprises. For this reason, one of the most important subjects of commercial law is commercial enterprise and acts of disposal related to commercial enterprise. Transfer of commercial enterprise, which is regulated both in the Turkish Commercial Code and the Turkish Code of Obligations, and how the defect provisions set out in the Turkish Code of Obligations be applied if the transferred commercial enterprise is defective, The consequences of optional rights arising from defects have been examined in this study prepared on the subject of "Defect in the Transfer of a Commercial Enterprise". In this context, the sections of our study were determined as "Transfer of the Commercial Enterprise", "Defect in the Context of the Transfer of the Commercial Enterprise" and "Optional Rights Arising from Defect in the Transfer of the Commercial Enterprise and the Consequences of the Use of These Rights" and the examination was carried out in this way
Akıllı merkezi ısıtma sistemlerinde termal talep optimizasyonu.
No full textThis thesis proposes a solution approach to manage the heating plans of tenants served by a district heating plant located in Sweden to decrease the carbon footprint of the residents. To do that, the daily temperature request of each household in the associated pilot region is obtained, and the daily temperature profile of each household is optimized with the help of a decision support system and smart valves. The hot water inflow rates of radiators are remotely controlled via smart valves at each flat to minimize the total energy consumption, carbon emission and cost associated with the energy consumption of the district heating plant. We aim to shave the peak demands while fully satisfying the temperature requests of households without violating their thermal comfort. Peak demand shaving is achieved by generating preheating schedules via mathematical optimization and using the thermal storage potential of the insulated flats. The resulting mathematical optimization model presents significant computational challenges that cannot be efficiently solved using optimization solvers within a reasonable time limit. To this end, we adapt three genetic algorithm approaches that are computationally scalable for realistically-sized instances and verified to yield near-optimal solutions for the test instances. Extensive numerical analyses how the effectiveness of the proposed approach and the genetic algorithm since we yield significant carbon emission decrease and cost savings compared with the method that the experts of the utility company propose.Bu tez dahilinde İsveç'te yer alan bir merkezi ısıtma sisteminin kullanıcılarının ısıtma planlarını kontrol ederek karbon ayakizini azaltacak bir çözüm sunulmaktadır. Yöntemin geliştirilmesi sırasında kullanılmak üzere pilot bölgedeki dairelerin gün içindeki sıcaklık talepleri elde edilmiş ve geliştirilen karar destek sisteminin akıllı vanalarla etkileşimi kullanılarak günlük sıcaklık profili eniyilenmiştir. Sıcak su içe akış oranı; merkezi ısıtma tesisinin toplam enerji tüketimi, karbon emisyonu ve enerji tüketimine bağlı gideri azaltmak amacıyla her daire için akıllı vanalar vasıtasıyla uzaktan kontrol edilmektedir. Belirlenen yaklaşımda, merkezi sistem kullanıcılarının termal konforlarını bozmadan ve termal taleplerini sağlayarak tepe sıcaklık talebi tıraşlaması hedeflenmektedir. Tepe talep tıraşlaması matematiksel eniyileme yöntemleri kullanılarak ve ısı yalıtımıyla desteklenmiş dairelerde ön ısıtma takvimleri oluşturularak sağlanmaktadır. Sunulan matematiksel eniyileme modeli, eniyileme çözücüleri tarafından kabul edilebilir sürelerde verimli çözüm üretilememesine sebep olacak kadar yüksek hesap zorlukları içermektedir. Bu problemi aşmak için, gerçek hayat örneklerinde hesaplamalı olarak ölçeklenebilir ve optimuma yakın çözümler üreten 3 genetik algoritma yaklaşımı geliştirilmiştir. Sayısal analizler uygulanan yaklaşımların ve sunulan genetik algoritma adımlarının etkisi, sistemdeki karbon emisyonu ve enerji tüketimi giderlerinin, şirket tarafından geliştirilen uzman yöntemiyle karşılaştırılması sonucunda gözlemlenebilmektedir
Makine öğrenimi algoritmalarını kullanarak buzdolaplarında otomatik arıza tespiti.
No full textThe sustainable functioning of refrigerators is crucial in residential and commercial settings. These appliances are used continuously throughout the day, and any failure can lead to food spoilage, negatively impacting brand reputation. Therefore, having an efficient failure detection system that can identify and diagnose any problems instantly is essential. This paper proposes a novel machine learning pipeline that uses online sensor data from the refrigerators of anonymous customers and a feedback mechanism to inform customer service about the detected failure remotely. The performance of the system is evaluated through a real-life pilot project, and the results indicate that the proposed method achieves high accuracy in detecting various types of failure. Applying the proposed approach prevents food spoilage, reduces maintenance costs while increasing customer satisfaction, and enhances the reliability and safety of refrigerators.Buzdolaplarının sürdürülebilir çalışması, konut ve ticari alanlarda önemlidir. Bu cihazlar gün boyunca sürekli kullanılmakta ve herhangi bir arıza, gıda bozulmasına neden olarak marka itibarını olumsuz yönde etkileyebilmektedir. Bu nedenle, anında herhangi bir sorunu tespit edip teşhis edebilen verimli bir arıza tespit sistemine sahip olmak son derece önemlidir. Bu makale, anonim müşterilerin buzdolaplarından çevrimiçi sensör verilerini ve geri bildirim mekanizmasını kullanarak tespit edilen arızalar hakkında müşteri hizmetlerini uzaktan bilgilendiren bir makine öğrenimi akışı önermektedir. Sistem performansı, gerçek hayatta bir pilot proje aracılığıyla değerlendirildi ve sonuçlar, önerilen yöntemin çeşitli arızaları tespit etmede yüksek doğruluk sağladığını göstermektedir. Önerilen yaklaşımın uygulanması, gıda bozulmasını önler, bakım maliyetlerini azaltırken müşteri memnuniyetini artırır ve buzdolaplarının güvenilirliğini ve güvenliğini artırmaktadır
Bioswales as engineering functions of nature-based solutions to increase urban resilience: A review
No full textThe increasing challenges posed by climate change are having a more pronounced impact on urban areas than ever before. To ensure the well-being of urban residents, it is imperative to allocate resources for both theoretical knowledge and practical implementation of urban green infrastructure in adaptation and mitigation measures. Nature-based solutions offer a multifaceted approach to addressing these complex challenges. Among these innovative strategies, bioswales emerge as a fundamental and widely adapted element in urban areas, designed to manage stormwater runoff effectively. The successful implementation of bioswales relies on factors such as the choice of materials, orientation, and location within the urban landscape. A systematic literature review was conducted to establish a comprehensive framework for the use of bioswales concerning ecosystem services and their impact on the quality of urban residents’ lives. This review aimed to scrutinize case studies that examined the selection and engineering aspects of bioswales based on site-specific and climatic conditions, available resources, performance, maintenance, and design decisions. The resulting framework promotes the use of bioswales in the aspect of technological, natural, and socio-economic systems for the sustainable resilience of the cities. The research findings suggest that by optimizing the integration of bioswales with urban elements and improving maintenance practices, there is the potential for a significant and lasting improvement in the quality of urban life. Given the complex landscape of governmental policies and the limited body of research addressing the accessibility and engineering system of nature-based solutions, there is a need for future investigations that involve real-life implementations and additional case studies
Exporting is a team sport: the link between management training and performance in SMEs
No full textPurpose: This paper examines how soft skills training for owner-managers affects the financial performance of exporting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Furthermore, the authors examine the differential influence of specific owner-manager skills, such as “team working skills”, “technical skills” and “leadership skills”, on performance. Design/methodology/approach: The paper utilises the Longitudinal Small Business Survey, which is a nationally representative employer dataset of UK SMEs with up to 249 employees, including those with no employees. The dataset contains information on firms' turnover, export status of goods or services and training provision for employees or owner-managers. Findings: The results suggest that owner-manager's training has a positive effect on turnover in non-exporting firms. Moreover, a combination of soft and hard skills is associated with higher turnover in exporting firms. Amongst the specific skills of owner-managers, training on “team working” has the most significant impact on exporting SMEs' performance. Practical implications: The authors' findings imply that managerial training to develop soft skills such as leadership, decision-making and communication is a worthwhile investment. The knowledge that owner-managers acquire through soft and hard skills training enables them to develop essential internationalisation competencies. Moreover, the authors demonstrate that teamwork is a significant predictor of performance. Originality/value: The authors contribute to the literature by examining the role of owner-managers' training in shaping internal systems, structure, processes and internationalisation strategies, thus affecting SMEs performance. The authors' also provide a nuanced analysis of how various types of soft and hard skills underpin the successful implementation of internationalisation initiatives
Towards a new urbanity "r-urban" : a reading of Sarıyer with an adaptiogenesis approach.
No full textThe relationship between the city and nature continues to be damaged for a long time as a result of the destruction in the green infrastructure, forests, natural and rural areas providing the city's living space. By envisaging it to become unsustainable in the near future, this situation makes us rethink the relationship between the concept of livable city and the rural, and this study focuses on the rural-urban duality from a dialectical point of view. As a result of multidimensional urban dynamics (migration, urbanization, pandemic, climate crisis, etc.), separating the concepts of "rural" and "urban" with sharp boundaries, whose dominance over each other is constantly changing, has become impossible. The concept of "r-urban" has begun to be used to describe these areas where rural-urban settlement patterns and lifestyles are intertwined. In this context, the aim of this thesis is to discuss the conceptual and semantic change in the r-urban duality over the settlement patterns shaped by lifestyles to provide a new perspective for future studies. Istanbul's r-urban duality reveals the heterotopia through the rural in the city center and the city in the rural, and the ambiguity with the formations between the city and the rural in the city periphery. As the city develops and transforms by changing, it reproduces r-urban duality again and again; tends to create new centers, peripheries, new urban rural areas. As a constantly evolving, adapting and developing situation, this process has been associated with the concept of "adaptiogenesis" and an approach proposal has been presented. In this context, urban conceptualizations in Istanbul's settlement patterns and fieldwork findings were visualized with different architectural representation methods and narratives, were formed by the transitive coexistence of qualitative and quantitative research. The potentials that can be revealed by the heterotopia and ambiguity situations in the r-urban duality of Istanbul are discussed with a reading with an adaptiogenesis approach, specific to the settlement patterns of Sarıyer. It has been concluded that the r-urban duality, which is visible today with the concepts of heterotopia and ambiguity, is in an adaptiogenesis process that adapts itself to new situations by changing and transforming with the interaction of different associations. Adaptiogenesis approach to increase the livability of Istanbul for a durable and healthy city has made the possibilities apparent regarding the green, rural and city to be intertwined for the unexpected situations. It is thought that the research will be a step towards a different perspective to city and architecture studies to comprehend the rural within the city and the rural-urban situations in the city periphery in the future.Kent ve doğa ilişkisi, kentin yaşam alanını sağlayan yeşil altyapı, ormanlar, doğal ve kırsal alanların tahrip edilmesi sonucu uzun bir süredir zarar görmeye devam ediyor. Bu durum; yakın bir gelecekte sürdürülebilir olmaktan çıkacağı öngörülerek, yaşanabilir kent kavramının kır ile ilişkisini tekrar düşündürmekte ve tez çalışması diyalektik bakış açısıyla, kır-kent ikiliğine odaklanmaktadır. Çok boyutlu kent dinamikleri (göç, kentleşme, pandemi, iklim krizi vb.) neticesinde birbiri üzerindeki baskınlıkları sürekli değişen "kır" ve "kent" kavramlarının, günümüzde, keskin sınırlarla ayrılması olanaksız hale gelmiş; kır-kent yerleşim örüntüleri ve yaşam biçimlerinin iç içe geçtiği bu alanları tanımlamak için kırkent 'r-urban' kavramı kullanılmaya başlamıştır. Bu kapsamda tezin amacı, kırkent ikiliğindeki kavramsal ve anlamsal değişimi; yaşam biçimleri ile şekillenen yerleşim örüntüleri üzerinden tartışarak, gelecek çalışmalara yönelik yeni bir perspektif kazandırmaktır. İstanbul'un kırkent ikiliği, kent merkezinde kırı ve kırda kenti bulundurması ile heterotopyayı; kent çeperinde kır ve kent arasındaki oluşumlar ile muğlaklığı ortaya çıkarır. Kent geliştikçe ve değişip dönüştükçe, kırkent ikiliğini yeniden ve yeniden üretir; yeni merkezler, çeperler, yeni kent kırsalları oluşturmaya meyillidir. Sürekli evrilen, uyarlanan ve gelişen bir durum olarak bu süreç, adaptogenez 'adaptiogenesis' kavramı ile ilişkilendirilmiş ve yaklaşım önerisi sunulmuştur. Bu kapsamda İstanbul'un yerleşim örüntülerindeki kent kavramsallaştırmaları ve alan çalışması bulguları farklı mimarlık temsil yöntemleri ve anlatılarla görselleştirilmiş, niteliksel ve niceliksel araştırmaların geçişli birlikteliğiyle oluşturulmuştur. İstanbul'un kırkent ikiliğindeki heterotopya ve muğlaklık durumlarının ortaya çıkarabileceği potansiyeller, Sarıyer'in yerleşim örüntüleri özelinde adaptogenez yaklaşımla bir okuma ile tartışılmıştır. Günümüzde heterotopya ve muğlaklık kavramları ile görünür olan kırkent ikiliğinin, farklı birlikteliklerin etkileşimi ile değişip-dönüşerek kendini yeni durumlara adapte eden adaptogenez bir süreç içinde olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. İstanbul'un dayanıklı ve sağlıklı bir kent haline gelerek yaşanabilirliğinin artması için adaptogenez yaklaşım; beklenmedik durumlar karşısında yeşilin, kırın ve kentin iç içe olmasına yönelik ihtimalleri görünür kılmıştır. Araştırmanın, gelecekte kent içindeki kırı ve kent çeperindeki kır-kent durumlarını anlamaya yönelik kent ve mimarlık araştırmalarına farklı bir bakış açısı sunmaya bir adım olacağı düşünülmektedir