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Sendikalar ve toplu iş sözleşmesi kanunu çerçevesinde sendikal güvenceler
No full textThe studies initiated following the ILO's criticism of Turkey regarding the repealed Law No. 2821 resulted in the entry into force of STISK, which was prepared to comply with the criticisms directed to the said law, on 18 October 2012. A significant part of the criticism brought by the ILO stems from the fact that union rights and freedoms and the collective bargaining process are not regulated in the repealed Law No. 2821 in line with ILO Conventions No. 87 and 98. One of the most striking changes brought within the scope of STİSK is the rearrangement of the guarantee provisions on freedom of association. In this context, it is seen that during the STİSK period, it was possible to file a direct union compensation lawsuit or to request union compensation with reinstatement, without any discrimination between workers who are subject to job security and those who are not, and that union discrimination when starting work and while the employment relationship continues is also subject to sanctions. Again, the sanctions of the guarantees attached to the union representation have been changed with the STİSK and more effective protection has been provided to the representatives. The assurance of professional union management is also clearly sanctioned, unlike the repealed Law No. 2821. Amateur union managers were secured for the first time and were subject to the same guarantees granted to workplace union representatives. Although it is stated that STİSK does not fully meet the international criticism, it is also stated that it provides important protection in terms of union freedom in general. The purpose of this study, which we prepared as a master's thesis, is to examine and evaluate union freedom, guarantees of union freedom, guarantees given to union representation and guarantees given to union management.ILO'nun Türkiye'ye mülga 2821 sayılı Kanun dolayısıyla eleştirilerde bulunmasına müteakiben başlatılan çalışmalar, adı geçen kanuna yöneltilen eleştirilere uyum sağlamak amacıyla hazırlanmış olan STİSK'in 18 Ekim 2012 tarihinde yürürlüğe girmesiyle neticelenmiştir. ILO tarafından getirilen eleştirilerin önemli bir bölümü mülga 2821 sayılı Kanun'da sendikal hak ve özgürlerin ve toplu pazarlık sürecinin ILO'nun 87 ve 98 sayılı sözleşmeleri doğrultusunda düzenlenmemiş olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. STİSK kapsamında getirilen değişiklikler arasında dikkat çekici nitelikte olanlardan bir tanesi, sendika özgürlüğüne tanınan güvence hükümlerinin yeniden düzenlenmesidir. Bu kapsamda STİSK döneminde iş güvencesine tabi olan ve olmayan işçiler arasında herhangi bir ayrım gözetilmeksizin doğrudan sendikal tazminat davası açma veya işe iade istemli sendikal tazminat talep etme imkânı getirildiği ve işe başlarken ve iş ilişkisi devam ederken yapılan sendikal ayrımcılığın da yaptırıma bağlandığı görülmektedir. Yine sendika temsilciliğine bağlanan güvencelerin yaptırımı STİSK ile birlikte değiştirilmiş ve temsilcilere daha etkin bir koruma sağlanmıştır. Profesyonel sendika yöneticiliğinin güvencesi de mülga 2821 sayılı Kanun'dan farklı olarak açıkça yaptırıma bağlanmıştır. Amatör sendika yöneticileri ise ilk kez güvence altına alınmış ve işyeri sendika temsilcisine tanınan güvencelere tabi tutulmuştur. STİSK'in uluslararası alanda getirilen eleştirileri tam anlamıyla karşılamadığı ifade edilmekle birlikte, genel olarak sendika özgürlüğü bakımından önemli bir koruma getirdiği de belirtilmektedir. Yüksek lisans tezi olarak hazırladığımız bu çalışmanın amacı sendika özgürlüğü, sendika özgürlüğünün güvenceleri, sendika temsilciliğine tanınan güvenceler ve sendika yöneticiliğine tanınan güvencelerin incelenmesi ve değerlendirilmesidir
Borsa İstanbul'da kurumsal yatırımcıların sürü davranışı.
No full textHerding is defined as a group of investors imitating the actions of other investors instead of following their own beliefs and information. It is argued that institutional investors have several reasons to herd. The theoretical explanations of herding are categorized as informational cascades, reputational and compensational herding, characteristic herding, investigative herding and fads. The herding behaviour of both domestic and foreign institutional investors is analysed in Borsa İstanbul between March 2006 and September 2018 by using the Sias [1]’s herding measure. The institutional demand for stocks in the current quarter is positively correlated with the institutional demand for stocks in the previous quarter for both domestic and foreign institutional investors. This positive relation is decomposed into institutional investors following their own lag trades and institutional investors following each other into and out of the same securities (''herding'') parts. This positive relation is not caused by the characteristics herding and momentum trading strategies. The institutional demand for stocks in the current quarter has no destabilizing effect on future stock returns. The domestic institutional investors herd only in small-capitalization stocks which is interpreted as informational cascades. The foreign institutional investors herd in both small and large-capitalization stocks. The evidence of herding in large capitalization stocks is interpreted as investigative herding. The domestic institutions implement negative feedback trading strategies in large-capitalization stocks while foreign institutional investors implement positive feedback trading strategies in large capitalization stocksBir grup yatırımcının kendi inançları ve bilgilerini göz ardı ederek diğer yatırımcıların davranışlarını taklit etmesi sürü davranışı olarak tanımlanır. Kurumsal yatırımcıların sürü halinde hareket etmeleri için birçok neden vardır. Bu teorik açıklamaları bilgisel şelaleler, saygınlık ve ücrete dayalı endişelere dayalı, hisse karakterlerine dayalı, araştırmaya ve heveslere dayalı sürü davranışları olarak kategorize edilir. Bu çalışmada Borsa İstanbul’da Mart 2006-Eylül 2018 döneminde kurumsal yerli ve yabancı yatırımcıların sürü davranışı, Sias [1]’ün sürü davranışı ölçüsünü kullanarak analiz edilmiştir. Yerli ve yabancı kurumsal yatırımcıların hisseye olan bu çeyrekteki talepleri ile geçen çeyrekteki talepleri arasında pozitif korelasyon bulunmaktadır. Bu pozitif korelasyon yatırımcıların kendi geçmiş işlemlerini takip ettiği ve diğer yatırımcıların alım-satımlarını takip ettiği (sürü davranışı) şeklinde iki parçaya ayrılmıştır. Bu pozitif korelasyon kurumsal yatırımcıların aynı özelliklere sahip hisselere yatırım yapması ya da momentum alım-satım stratejileri uygulamalarından kaynaklanmamaktadır. Kurumsal yatırımcıların bu dönemki taleplerinin, hisse senetlerinin gelecekteki getirileri üzerinde istikrarsızlık yaratıcı etkisi bulunmamaktadır. Yerli kurumsal yatırımcıların düşük piyasa değerine sahip hisselerde sürü davranışı göstermeleri bilgisel şelalelere dayalı sürü davranışı olarak sınıflandırılır. Yabancı kurumsal yatırımcılar hem düşük hem de yüksek piyasa değerine sahip hisselerde sürü davranışına girmektedirler. Yüksek piyasa değerine sahip hisselerdeki sürü davranışı araştırmacı sürü davranışı olarak yorumlanabil. Yerli kurumsal yatırımcılar yüksek piyasa değerine sahip hisselerde negatif geri bildirim alım satım stratejileri uygularken, yabancı kurumsal yatırımcılar pozitif geri bildirim alım satım stratejileri uygulamaktadır
Eating and cooking beyond the borders in Elif Shafak’s The Saint of Incipient Insanities
No full textIn her novel The Saint of Incipient Insanities (2004), Elif Shafak explores the theme of alienation by portraying a group of individuals who live in the U.S. and struggle to adapt to the American lifestyle. This article focuses on Alegre, a Mexican-American girl with bulimia. Surrounded by her Chicana aunts and foreign friends, Alegre is forced to adopt American culture, yet she is also asked not to sever her ties with her Mexican roots. I argue that Alegre's relationship with food mirrors her connection to the American and Mexican cultures: by gorging and disgorging herself with food, she challenges the frontiers that separate cultural identities and the borders that divide the inside and the outside of the self. Alegre considers the kitchen her native soil as it provides her with the space to challenge the boundaries of her own body and identity. The food she cooks there brings different identities together over one meal, where they realise they have much more in common than they expected. Thus, she creates an environment for others to find a chance to question the boundaries that restrict their identities
Microstructural examination of black seawater mixed sulfate-resistant cement concrete
No full textThe use of seawater as the mix water has been thought to be inevitable for the near future as a result of increasing water scarcity. Hundreds of papers related to seawater mixed cement-based materials were published in recent years. Even though sulfate-resistant cement can be beneficial for internal sulfate attack and binding chloride ions, there is no related study on the sulfate-resistant cement together with seawater. In this study, the microstructure of seawater mixed sulfate-resistant pozzolanic cement was studied for the first time to understand possible reactions. Tap water and seawater mixes were designed by using Portland cement and sulfate-resistant cement with and without fibers. To examine the effect of seawater as the mix water on the microstructure quantitatively and to construct bridge between mechanical properties and microstructure, Rietveld refinements were performed on the obtained X-ray diffraction patterns. Thermogravimetric analyses were also carried out to correctly interpret and verify X-ray diffraction data. The possibility of internal sulfate attack, possible reactions and resulting hydration products were discussed. The results showed that internal sulfate attack is not a threat for seawater mixed concrete and sulfate-resistant cement can be a better alternative than portland cement owing to more chloride binding ability for seawater-mixed concretes.Bogazici University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Uni
İki trafolu LLC rezonans topolojisinde paralel LED dizileri için akım dengeleme devresi tasarımı.
No full textNew display technologies require small form factor designs with more backlight power. When multiple transformers drive parallel-connected LED strings, the difference in transformer leakage inductance and LED string voltage creates a backlight current imbalance. This current imbalance causes the following problems, - The low-voltage string draws more current. - High current causes hot spots on the backlight and a shorter lifespan. This issue is seen as an unevenly distributed backlight on the customer side. In this study, a cost-efficient balancing circuit for eight parallel-connected LED strings is simulated and developed utilizing two transformers in the half-bridge LLC resonant topology while providing the power in a comparatively slim design. The current imbalance for the 145W backlight power was 57.58% when there was an 8% change in leakage inductance between the transformers and a 10% change in LED string voltages. When the back cover was removed, the difference in temperature between the LED strings was recorded at room temperature as 31.8℃. The current imbalance between the LED strings is decreased to 9.99% when the current balancing components are connected to the circuit. When there is no difference between the LED string voltages, the maximum current imbalance is 2.59%. The cost of the proposed method is almost three times less than the conventional method, and for the same backlight power, it is 5.6% more efficient.Yeni ekran teknolojileri, daha fazla arka ışık gücüne sahip ve küçük form faktörlü tasarımlar gerektirmektedir. Paralel bağlı LED dizileri birden fazla transformatör tarafından sürüldüğünde, transformatörler arasındaki kaçak endüktans ve LED dizileri arasındaki tolerans kaynaklı voltaj farkı, arka ışıkta diziler arasında akım dengesizliği yaratır. Bu akım dengesizliği aşağıdaki sorunlara neden olur. -Düşük voltajlı LED dizisi daha fazla akım çeker. -Yüksek akım arka aydınlatma üzerinde sıcak noktalar oluşturur ve ürünün ömrü kısalır. Bu sorun, son kullanıcı düzeyinde arka ışıkta parlaklık farkı (dalgalanma) olarak kendini göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada, LLC yarım köprü rezonans topolojisinde iki transformatör kullanılarak sekiz paralel bağlı LED dizisi uygun maliyetli bir akım dengeleme devresi ile simüle edilmiş ve %0.9288 verimde çalışan nispeten ince bir tasarımda gerçeklenmiştir. 145W arka ışık gücü için, trafo kaçak endüktansında %8 ve LED dizi voltajları arasında tolerans kaynaklı %10 fark olduğunda LED dizilerinde ölçülen akım sapması %57.58 idi. Bu durumda LED dizileri arasındaki sıcaklık farkı, TV arka kapağı açıkken oda sıcaklığında 31.8℃ olarak ölçülmüştür. Akım dengeleme devresi ile LED akımları farkı %9.99'a düşürülmüştür. Dizi gerilimleri aynı olduğunda akımdaki maksimum sapma %2,59 olarak ölçülmektedir. Sunulan method aynı arka ışık gücü için klasik arka ışık aydınlatma yöntemine göre maliyet olarak yaklaşık üç kat daha avantajlıdır ve %5,6 daha verimlidir
Pancultural nostalgia in action: Prevalence, triggers, and psychological functions of nostalgia across cultures
No full textNostalgia is a social, self-relevant, and bittersweet (although mostly positive) emotion that arises when reflecting on fond past memories and serves key psychological functions. The majority of evidence concerning the prevalence, triggers, and functions of nostalgia has been amassed in samples from a handful of largely Western cultures. If nostalgia is a fundamental psychological resource, it should perform similar functions across cultures, although its operational dynamics may be shaped by culture. This study (N = 2,606) examined dispositional nostalgia, self-reported triggers of nostalgia, and functions of experimentally induced nostalgia in young adults across 28 countries and a special administrative region of China (i.e., Hong Kong). Results indicated that nostalgia is frequently experienced across cultures, albeit better valued in more-developed countries (i.e., higher national wealth and life-expectancy). Nostalgia is triggered by psychological threats (especially in warmer countries), sensory stimuli (especially in more-developed countries), and social gatherings (especially in less-developed countries). The positive or negative affect prompted by experimentally induced nostalgia varied by country, but was mild overall. More importantly, recalling a nostalgic (vs. ordinary) memory increased social connectedness, self-continuity, and meaning in life across cultures. In less-developed countries, recalling an ordinary memory also conferred some of these functions, reducing the effect size of nostalgia. Finally, recalling a nostalgic (vs. ordinary) memory augmented state satisfaction with life in countries with lower quality of living (i.e., lower life-expectancy and life-satisfaction). Overall, findings confirm the relevance of nostalgia across a wide range of cultures and indicate cultural nuances in its functioning.Center for Social Conflict and Cohesion Studies ; Center for Intercultural and Indigenous Researc
Measurements of azimuthal anisotropy of nonprompt D0 mesons in PbPb collisions at √sNN=5.02 TeV
No full textMeasurements of the elliptic (v2) and triangular (v3) azimuthal anisotropy coefficients are presented for [Formula presented] mesons produced in [Formula presented] hadron decays (nonprompt [Formula presented] mesons) in lead-lead collisions at sNN=5.02TeV. The results are compared with previously published charm meson anisotropies measured using prompt [Formula presented] mesons. The data were collected with the CMS detector in 2018 with an integrated luminosity of 0.58nb−1. Azimuthal anisotropy is sensitive to the interactions of quarks with the hot and dense medium created in heavy ion collisions. Comparing results for prompt and nonprompt [Formula presented] mesons can assist in understanding the mass dependence of these interactions. The nonprompt results show lower magnitudes of v2 and v3 and weaker dependences on the meson transverse momentum and collision centrality than those found for prompt [Formula presented] mesons. The results are in agreement with theoretical predictions that include a mass dependence in the interactions of quarks with the medium.BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES and BNSF (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); Minciencias (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC PUT and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRI (Greece); NKFIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MES and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); MESTD (Serbia); MCIN/AEI and PCTI (Spain); MoSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); MHESI and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TENMAK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract Nos. 675440, 724704, 752730, 758316, 765710, 824093, 884104, and COST Action CA16108 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWTBelgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science -EOS" -be.h project n. 30820817; the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, No. Z191100007219010; The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI), Project Number 2288 (Greece); the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), under Germany's Excellence Strategy -EXC 2121 "Quantum Universe" -390833306, and under project number 400140256 -GRK2497; the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program -UNKP, the NKFIH research grants K 124845, K 124850, K 128713, K 128786, K 129058, K 131991, K 133046, K 138136, K 143460, K 143477, 2020-2.2.1-ED-2021-00181, and TKP2021-NKTA64 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the Latvian Council of Science; the Ministry of Education and Science, project no. 2022/WK/14, and the National Science Center, contracts Opus 2021/41/B/ST2/01369 and 2021/43/B/ST2/01552 (Poland); the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, grant CEECIND/01334/2018 (Portugal); the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; MCIN/AEI/10. 13039/501100011033, ERDF "a way of making Europe", and the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, grant MDM-2017-0765 and Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias (Spain); the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project, and the National Science, Research and Innovation Fund via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources & Institutional Development, Research and Innovation, grant B05F650021 (Thailand); the Kavli Foundation; the Nvidia Corporation; the SuperMicro Corporation; the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA)
VisIRNet: Deep image alignment for UAV-taken visible and infrared image Pairs
No full textThis article proposes a deep-learning-based solution for multimodal image alignment regarding unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-taken images. Many recently proposed state-of-the-art alignment techniques rely on using Lucas-Kanade (LK)-based solutions for a successful alignment. However, we show that we can achieve state-of-the-art results without using LK-based methods. Our approach carefully utilizes a two-branch-based convolutional neural network (CNN) based on feature embedding blocks. We propose two variants of our approach, where in the first variant (Model A), we directly predict the new coordinates of only the four corners of the image to be aligned; and in the second one (Model B), we predict the homography matrix directly. Applying alignment on the image corners forces the algorithm to match only those four corners as opposed to computing and matching many (key) points, since the latter may cause many outliers, yielding less accurate alignment. We test our proposed approach on four aerial datasets and obtain state-of-the-art results when compared to the existing recent deep LK-based architectures
Paradox of optimism: Opposition coordination against autocratic incumbents in Turkey's 2019 and 2023 elections
No full textIn the 2019 local and 2023 general elections, Turkey's opposition parties joined forces in pursuit of a common objective: to oust autocratic incumbents and democratize the political system. While they achieved noteworthy successes in 2019, replicating these gains in the 2023 presidential and parliamentary elections proved elusive. This study reveals that coordinating opposition efforts becomes more challenging during general elections, particularly when a charismatic presidential candidate, capable of fostering synergy among opposition factions and voters, is absent. Additionally, when opposition parties span the ideological spectrum, crafting a unified campaign around a shared manifesto becomes more intricate. The resulting atmosphere of uncertainty is exacerbated further in the absence of decisive leadership. Most importantly, the research highlights a paradox: as optimism for electoral victory grows, parties become more inclined to form alliances but less willing to nominate a strong leader, due to concerns about power-sharing overshadowing electoral success. This paradox diminishes the chances of opposition victory
Visible light communication with solar cell receiver for indoor iot applications
No full textThe rapid increase of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has ushered in a new era of connectivity, with an increasing reliance on efficient communication models. In this context, Optical Wireless Communications (OWC) presents a promising avenue for transmitting data at the speed of light, utilizing the optical spectrum to alleviate congestion in urban environments. Leveraging Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) as transmitters and solar cells as receivers, this paper explores the feasibility of indoor OWC systems. Moreover, we present an experimental setup focusing on bandwidth measurement, data transmission, and energy harvesting. Our results indicate a maximum data rate of 19.2 Kbps using On-Off Keying (OOK) modulation at a 15 cm link distance. Notably, by avoiding the utilization of external circuitry for performance enhancement of the solar cell, we tried to maintain the system's suitability for IoT applications. Our findings contribute to understanding solar cell-based data reception from LEDs, offering simulation results for practical implementation and performance considerations for indoor IoT communication systems.TÜBİTA