5916 research outputs found
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Uncovering the implicit dimensions of empathy in architectural design: Seeing through empathy
No full textThis article examines the implicit dimensions of empathy in the early architectural design process, utilizing think-aloud protocols to reveal how designers engage empathically with their creations. Grounded in early 20th-century empathy theories, phenomenological philosophy, and design cognition, we developed the 'Feeling AS' empathy framework, which identifies three core modes of empathy: (1) user, (2) space, and (3) movement. Analysis of design protocols demonstrates how empathy shapes design thinking, influences problem reframing, and uncovers spatial affordances tied to user embodiment. Empathy contributes to the design process in two key ways. First, it aids in problem identification, ideation, and a deep understanding of users' needs during the conceptual stage. Second, empathy enables designers to refine design solutions by revisiting decisions and reframing problems from the users' perspective as the process evolves. The study portrays empathy as a perceptual and reflective tool, akin to sketching, that facilitates diverse perspectives and establishes embodied connections with users and spaces. We frame this process as 'seeing through empathy,' encompassing empathic framing, spatial affordances, and embodiment. This research broadens the scope of empathy research to include spatial dimensions, emphasizing its inherent role and extending it beyond conscious strategies to become an embedded aspect of the creative process
Droplet impact on moving hydrophobic surfaces and outcome transition modeling
No full textThe impingement of water droplets on moving surfaces was experimentally studied using high-speed imaging. Smooth and rough hydrophobic surfaces with similar contact angles and high hysteresis were used to understand the effect of surface movement and roughness. The droplet's diameter and velocity, and the surface's roughness and velocity were altered. Deposition with vertical split, deposition, split deposition, and split deposition with trailing edge split were observed as drop impact outcomes. Deposition, split deposition, and split deposition with a trailing edge split were common outcomes for both surfaces. Impact outcome maps were constructed as a function of the product of normal and tangential Reynolds and Weber numbers (F-n = We(n)Re(n) and F-t = We(t )Re(t)). Deposition with vertical split does not occur on the rough surface and occurs only at zero or very low F-t on the smooth surface. The excess spread factor was modeled as a function of F-t for smooth and rough moving surfaces. At low F-t values, the roughness of the surfaces does not affect the excess spread factor for either surface roughness. However, for F-t > 0.2, roughness leads to a higher excess spread factor. This increase is due to the greater contact area created with the surface, which elongates the lamella in the direction of surface movement. It is observed that the outcome transition occurs in a band of F-n and F-t. A methodology for outcome transition modeling is proposed based on the data and the physics of droplets at asymptotic states, such as F-t=0 (normal impact on a stationary surface), F-t=0 and F-n=0 (sessile drop), for both smooth and rough surfaces. Proper dimensionless numbers based on influential forces and the equivalent ligament diameter are part of the modeling methodology chosen to be consistent with the physics of the observed impact phenomena.TÜBİTA
Twinning-assisted strengthening in a novel high entropy alloy via thermo-mechanical processing
No full textThis study investigates the microstructural characteristics and mechanical behavior of a non-equiatomic high entropy alloy subjected to an effective thermo-mechanical processing, which involves rolling at ambient temperature followed by thermal annealing. Microstructural characterizations, including transmission electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and X-ray diffraction, reveal a complex dislocation substructure with the presence of annealing twins. Mechanical experiments demonstrate a noteworthy balance of ductility and strength in the post-rolling annealed condition. This favorable mechanical response is attributed to the combined effects of boundary and dislocation strengthening, with contributions from the identified deformation mechanisms predicted in light of the experimental findings.TÜBİTA
Improved drowsiness detection in drivers through optimum pairing of EEG features using an optimal EEG channel comparable to a multichannel EEG system
No full textMultichannel electroencephalography (EEG)-based drowsiness detection (DD) offers higher coverage but comes with increased computational demands, hardware requirements, and user discomfort, whereas single-channel devices are cost-effective and user-friendly but provide lower coverage. We hypothesized that an optimal channel with optimum paired EEG features could achieve coverage comparable to a multichannel system. Subject-specific, EEG-feature-specific thresholding techniques were introduced to classify 927 EEG epochs, derived from visual-based scoring through image processing of fifty drivers' facial expressions during a 50-min driving simulation, using six individual EEG channels with paired features. Ten normalized EEG features were extracted per epoch using discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and seven thresholding techniques were applied to identify the most consistent method across subjects. Epochs were classified as drowsy or wakeful based on whether their normalized values exceeded or fell below a specific threshold. We then assessed the coverage of each channel by comparing EEG patterns with visual-based scoring. To determine the optimal feature pair for classifying each epoch in alignment with visual-based scoring, 45 feature combinations were evaluated. The pairing of power spectral density (PSD) alpha and PSD theta in channels Frontal4 (F4) and Occipital2 (O2) yielded the highest coverage, achieving 96.1% and 95% with corresponding accuracies of 95.4% and 94.7%, respectively. These results slightly surpassed the coverage achieved using six channels with a single feature, with increases of 1.47% for F4 and 0.32% for O2. Our study demonstrates that an optimal EEG channel with optimum paired EEG features can reduce channels from six to one, lowering computational demands for wearable DD devices.TÜBİTAKPublisher versio
Open-end bin packing problem with conflicts
No full textIn this paper, we study the Open-End Bin Packing Problem with Conflicts (OEBPPC), which is a combination of two variants of the well-known bin packing problem: Open-End Bin Packing Problem and Bin Packing Problem with Conflicts. In OEBPPC, the aim is to place a set of items into the least number of fixed-sized bins. The bin capacity is allowed to be exceeded only by the last item placed into the bin, and there exist conflicts between some item pairs. Conflicting items cannot be packed into the same bin. We develop a mathematical formulation and lower bounding procedures for the problem. As a solution approach, we propose a General Variable Neighborhood Search Algorithm (GVNS). We compare the performance of the proposed algorithm both against the lower bounds and other algorithms adapted to address OEBPPC from the literature. We observe that the proposed solution approach outperforms the best benchmark algorithm by a margin of 2.26% on average and provides solutions with an average gap of 8.28% (with respect to a lower bound)
An independent and unconventional character: Fikriye, 'everybody's woman'
No full textDespite being a prolific and popular serial novelist of the 1920s, Selahattin Enis is an almost forgotten Ottoman/Turkish writer. Orta Mal & imath; (Everybody's Woman), serialised in 1925-1926, was among his most successful novels. Despite this, it has long been excluded from the literary canon, published in Latin script only in 2017. Set in the early 1920s, Everybody's Woman centers on Fikriye, the novel's primary female character. Initially employed as a maid, Fikriye navigates from one mansion to another, guided by her desires. A married woman, she engages in multiple heterosexual and homosexual affairs, eventually becoming an 'outstanding prostitute'. Selahattin Enis is characterised as an 'ultra-realist' or 'naturalist', and probably intended Fikriye to serve as a symbol of societal degradation. However, Fikriye's character evolves in a manner that diverges from the author's initial intent, gaining an 'unconventional' autonomy. By 'unconventional', I refer to her existence outside dominant norms. Fikriye's development occurs in opposition to the author's heteronormative intentions. While various explanations may be offered for the belated recognition of Selahattin Enis, this paper contends that the primary cause of this oversight, particularly in the case of Everybody's Woman, lies in the queer characteristics of both the protagonist and the narrative
Slicescore: A network function sharing aware and slice-oriented ddos filtering approach
No full textNetwork slicing presents new opportunities for cost-effective implementations of next-generation communication networks that target diverse service requirements. Deploying vertical use cases on shared resources is the main motivation for network slicing. Recently, network function (NF) sharing has been proposed in the literature in order to further exploit unused resources and lower the costs for network operators. However, such optimizations through NF sharing expose new security threats and need appropriate defense mechanisms. In this paper, we describe new attack vectors that arise due to NF sharing and list some of the possible defense strategies and security precautions. Furthermore, we propose an NF sharing-aware and network slice-oriented distributed denial of service (DDoS) filtering mechanism, SliceScore, that successfully mitigates the threat of resource exhaustion. We prove by simulations that SliceScore outperforms previous filtering mechanisms, which did not focus on differences among network slices. In this regard, we encourage researchers to investigate slice-oriented approaches to improve defense mechanisms in next-generation communication networks.TÜBİTAKPublisher versio
A systematic review of energy efficiency and lighting control interactions
No full textObjectives This study investigates the interplay between energy efficiency, lighting control, and window design in hospital settings, emphasizing their collective impact on sustainable healthcare operations.Background Despite growing attention to energy conservation in healthcare, limited research comprehensively addresses how lighting strategies, window designs, glazing solutions, and occupant behavior interact to optimize energy use while enhancing patient environments.Methods A systematic review of 43 rigorously selected studies was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, analyzing research across architecture, engineering, environmental science, and healthcare disciplines to explore these relationships.Results The findings highlight that adaptive lighting, high-performance glazing, and optimized window design play a crucial role in enhancing energy efficiency, lowering operational costs, and improving patient comfort.Conclusion This study provides actionable insights for healthcare professionals, facility managers, and policymakers to promote sustainable hospital design by integrating energy-efficient strategies