5916 research outputs found
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Navigating the digital age: Children's self-regulatory skills and technoference in parent-child interactions
No full textObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the pathways connecting child effortful control with technoference while considering the roles of parenting stress and mothers' problematic smartphone use, characterized by an inability to regulate compulsive smartphone use. BackgroundInterruptions caused by technology use, commonly referred to as technoference, have significant implications for child development and parent-child interactions. Despite previous studies indicating a link between technoference and child effortful control, the directionality of this relationship remains ambiguous. MethodA total of 199 mothers with children aged 3 to 7 years living in T & uuml;rkiye participated in an online survey, providing data on the frequency of technoference in parent-child interactions, parenting stress, parental problematic smartphone use, and their children's effortful control. ResultsA significant mediation model, F(6, 187) = 10.73, R-2 = .26, p < .001, indicated that parents of children with lower effortful control reported heightened levels of parenting stress, subsequently resulting in increased problematic smartphone use and a greater incidence of technoference in parent-child interactions (standardized indirect effect coefficient = -.04, SE = .02, 95% bias-corrected and accelerated confidence interval [-.13, -.08]). ConclusionOverall, increased parenting stress related to children's poorer effortful control may drive parents to seek solace in smartphone use, resulting in more interruptions in parent-child interactions. ImplicationsBy identifying a pathway from children's effortful control skills to technoference in parent-child interactions, the study emphasizes the significance of recognizing the role of mobile devices in contemporary family life.Publisher versio
Effect of atomic charges on C2H2/CO2/CH4 separation performances of covalent-organic framework adsorbents
No full textA critical factor for the accuracy of computational screening studies is the method employed to assign atomic charges. While chemically meaningful atomic charges can be obtained using a quantum chemistry method-based charge assignment technique (density-derived electrostatic and chemical method (DDEC6)), its application to large material datasets remains computationally demanding. As an alternative, machine-learning (ML) models can offer the ability to determine atomic charges with high accuracy and speed. Herein, two ML models, Partial Atomic Charge Predicter for Porous Materials based on Graph Convolutional Neural Network (PACMAN) and Partial Atomic Charges in Metal-Organic Frameworks (PACMOF), are utilized to predict atomic charges in Clean, Uniform, Refined with Automatic Tracking from Experimental Database (CURATED) covalent-organic frameworks (COFs). The predicted atomic charges are used in simulations to assess COFs' C2H2/CO2/CH4 separation performances in comparison with reference DDEC6-based performances. Results show PACMAN charges can more effectively reproduce DDEC6-based charges and corresponding separation performance metrics, underscoring their suitability for high-throughput material screening. Additionally, the proportions of Coulombic interactions to van der Waals interactions are systematically analyzed, revealing substantial variation across both narrow and wide pores. This study highlights that ML models can be applied to obtain atomic charges that could enable attaining accurate material performance evaluations.TÜBİTAK ; National Center for High Performance Computing of Turkey (UHeM)Publisher versio
Symbolic manipulation planning with discovered object and relational predicates
No full textDiscovering the symbols and rules that can be used in long-horizon planning from a robot's unsupervised exploration of its environment and continuous sensorimotor experience is a challenging task. The previous studies proposed learning symbols from single or paired object interactions and planning with these symbols. In this work, we propose a system that learns rules with discovered object and relational symbols that encode an arbitrary number of objects and the relations between them, converts those rules to Planning Domain Description Language (PDDL), and generates plans that involve affordances of the arbitrary number of objects to achieve tasks. We validated our system with box-shaped objects in different sizes and showed that the system can develop a symbolic knowledge of pick-up, carry, and place operations, taking into account object compounds in different configurations, such as boxes would be carried together with a larger box that they are placed on. We also compared our method with other symbol learning methods and showed that planning with the operators defined over relational symbols gives better planning performance compared to the baselines.TÜBİTAK ; New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) ; Japan Science & Technology Agency (JST) Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) ; European Union through INVERSE Project ; Boston Dynamics AI Institut
Automation cost flexibility and firm value
No full textThis paper documents that industrial robots enhance firms' ability to reduce operating costs, especially during periods of declining sales. Building on this, we propose a firm-level measure of automation cost flexibility (ACF), which quantifies a firm's capacity to reduce operating costs through automation. Using this measure, we find that firms with greater ACF exhibit higher firm values. To address endogeneity concerns and strengthen the interpretation of our results, we employ: (i) a difference-in-differences specification with a matching algorithm, and (ii) exploit the 2011 Thailand hard drive crisis as an exogenous shock. The paper further reveals that the positive impact of ACF is more pronounced for firms in highly competitive industries, those facing significant competitive threats, industries with high strategic interactions, and smaller firms. This suggests that cost flexibility encompasses a strategic dimension
Self-regulation profiles and social competence in early childhood: A person-centered approach
No full textResearch Findings: Social competence in early childhood serves as a foundation for later developmental and academic outcomes. Although self-regulation is widely recognized as a key contributor to social competence, previous studies have primarily employed variable-centered approaches to examine the relation between self-regulation and social competence. In the current study, we adopted a person-centered approach to construct self-regulation profiles and examined the relation between these profiles and social competence. A total of 607 children (Mage = 56.89 months, 54% male) participated in the study, in which self-regulation was measured using performance-based assessments and social competence was assessed through teacher-reported measures. Latent profile analysis identified three self-regulation profiles: "optimal self-regulators" (71%), "moderate self-regulators" (12%), and "challenged self-regulators" (17%). The results indicated that children in the optimal self-regulators profile exhibited higher levels of social competence compared to those in the moderate and challenged self-regulator profiles. Practice or Policy: Findings highlight the need for tailoring self-regulation interventions to children's distinct self-regulation profiles, as a one-size-fits-all approach may be less effective in promoting social competence
Reclaiming a marsh in the late ottoman empire: From a local initiative to a large-scale enterprise in serres
No full textThe rise of the Eastern Mediterranean ports for international trade and the commercialization of agricultural production in the late Ottoman Empire made the land around the ports a profitable resource, prompting efforts to turn wetland regions into arable land. This article focuses on one such reclamation project in the empire's Balkan territory of Serres, Thessalonica, along the River Karasu and Lake Tahyanos at the end of the nineteenth century. It narrates the development of the project from the initial efforts of the local administration into a full-fledged commercial enterprise. The reclamation process is shown to be highly contested as various actors and stakeholders, including the Public Debt Administration (PDA), international and domestic entrepreneurs, and peasants, struggled over the wetland region, and the central and local governments endeavoured to cope with the resulting difficulties
Differential cross section measurements for the production of top quark pairs and of additional jets using dilepton events from pp collisions at √s=13 TeV
No full textDifferential cross sections for top quark pair (t (t) over bar) production are measured in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV using a sample of events containing two oppositely charged leptons. The data were recorded with the CMS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb(-1). The differential cross sections are measured as functions of kinematic observables of the t (t) over bar system, the top quark and antiquark and their decay products, as well as of the number of additional jets in the event. The results are presented as functions of up to three variables and are corrected to the parton and particle levels. When compared to standard model predictions based on quantum chromodynamics at different levels of accuracy, it is found that the calculations do not always describe the observed data. The deviations are found to be largest for the multi-differential cross sections.SC (Armenia), BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES and BNSF (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); MINCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); ERC PRG, RVTT3 and TK202 (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); SRNSF (Georgia); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRI (Greece); NKFIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MES and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); MESTD (Serbia); MCIN/AEI and PCTI (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); MHESI and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TENMAK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (U.S.A.). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract Nos. 675440, 724704, 752730, 758316, 765710, 824093, and COST Action CA16108 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Science Committee, project no. 22rl-037 (Armenia); the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS" - be.h project n. 30820817; the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, No. Z191100007219010 and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, grant FR-22-985 (Georgia); the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), under Germany's Excellence Strategy - EXC 2121 "Quantum Universe" - 390833306, and under project number 400140256 - GRK2497; the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI), Project Number 2288 (Greece); the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program - uNKP, the NKFIH research grants K 124845, K 124850, K 128713, K 128786, K 129058, K 131991, K 133046, K 138136, K 143460, K 143477, 2020-2.2.1-ED-2021-00181, and TKP2021-NKTA-64 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; ICSC - National Research Center for High Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing, funded by the EU NexGeneration program (Italy); the Latvian Council of Science; the Ministry of Education and Science, project no. 2022/WK/14, and the National Science Center, contracts Opus 2021/41/B/ST2/01369 and 2021/43/B/ST2/01552 (Poland); the FundacAo para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, grant CEECIND/01334/2018 (Portugal); the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, ERDF "a way of making Europe", and the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, grant MDM-2017-0765 and Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias (Spain); the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project, and the National Science, Research and Innovation Fund via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources & Institutional Development, Research and Innovation, grant B37G660013 (Thailand); the Kavli Foundation; the Nvidia Corporation; the SuperMicro Corporation; the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (U.S.A.).Publisher versio
Surface effect of small nanocrystals on the accuracy of structural parameters obtained by pair distribution function analysis
No full textThe effect of the nanocrystal surface on the accuracy of average lattice parameters, crystal sizes, and mean square atom displacements (MSDs) obtained from pair distribution function (PDF) analysis of powder X-ray diffraction is investigated. A computational workflow is developed where atomistic models of gold nanocrystals with sizes between 5 and 30 nm are created by molecular dynamics simulations, diffraction data sets are computed by the Debye scattering equation over a temperature interval of 0-300 K, and PDF refinement is performed on the diffraction data by the DiffpyCMI algorithm. The accuracy of refined parameters is evaluated against real space calculations performed directly on the atomic coordinates. Results show that the performance of PDF refinement on diffraction data is temperature-dependent, and higher temperatures favor improved accuracy in refined lattice parameters, crystal sizes, and dynamic mean square atom displacements. The surface structure of nanocrystals leads to underestimated crystallographic parameters with up to 0.16, 6.6, and 15% deviation from the true lattice parameters, crystal size, and MSDs, respectively, for 5 nm gold nanocrystals at 0 K. However, with increasing crystal size and temperature, all deviations diminish such that for 30 nm gold nanocrystals at 300 K, they are calculated as 0.021, 1.67, and 11.16%.TÜBİTA
Towards the design of a vr-based rehearsal tool: Exploring amateur actors' individual and collective needs
No full textThis study examines how participants group and interpret their individual and collective needs related to theater rehearsals in virtual reality environments. The research was conducted through interviews with 30 volunteer participants from a university theater community. During the data collection phase, virtual stage tools compiled from academic studies on theater and rehearsal in virtual reality were prepared as cards. Participants were asked to group these cards in a way that made sense to them and to give suitable titles to the groups they created. Then, during the interviews, participants were asked to explain the reasoning behind their groupings. The statements made during the interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. The insights into the development of technological systems for virtual reality-based rehearsals that can simultaneously meet both individual and collective needs in harmony with traditional theater models.Publisher versio
Gesture reduces mapping difficulties in the development of spatial language depending on the complexity of spatial relations
No full textIn spoken languages, children acquire locative terms in a cross-linguistically stable order. Terms similar in meaning to in and on emerge earlier than those similar to front and behind, followed by left and right. This order has been attributed to the complexity of the relations expressed by different locative terms. An additional possibility is that children may be delayed in expressing certain spatial meanings partly due to difficulties in discovering the mappings between locative terms in speech and spatial relation they express. We investigate cognitive and mapping difficulties in the domain of spatial language by comparing how children map spatial meanings onto speech versus visually motivated forms in co-speech gesture across different spatial relations. Twenty-four 8-year-old and 23 adult native Turkish-speakers described four-picture displays where the target picture depicted in-on, front-behind, or left-right relations between objects. As the complexity of spatial relations increased, children were more likely to rely on gestures as opposed to speech to informatively express the spatial relation. Adults overwhelmingly relied on speech to informatively express the spatial relation, and this did not change across the complexity of spatial relations. Nevertheless, even when spatial expressions in both speech and co-speech gesture were considered, children lagged behind adults when expressing the most complex left-right relations. These findings suggest that cognitive development and mapping difficulties introduced by the modality of expressions interact in shaping the development of spatial language.NWO-VICI - Dutch Research CouncilPublisher versio