5916 research outputs found
Sort by
Status of irregular migrants in EU asylum law reform
No full textGöç tarihi insanlık tarihi kadar eskidir. Homo sapiensten günümüz modern insanına değin en temel gayesi hayatta kalmak olan insanoğlu, kıt kaynaklara sahip dünyada sonsuz ihtiyaçlarını karşılamaya çalışmıştır. Bunun sonucunda değişik nedenlerle -ekonomik, sosyal, doğal veya siyasi- insanlar, yaşadıkları toprakları zorunlu veya gönüllü olarak terk ederek, başka ülkelere göç etmektedirler. Kadim zamanlarda iç savaşlarla başlayan bu göç dalgası, yıllar geçtikçe uluslararası ve politik bir hal almıştır. Bu nedenle de göç ve mülteci hukuku günümüzde uluslararası hukukun en temel meselelerinden biri haline gelmiştir. Avrupa ülkeleri gelişmiş ekonomileri ve yüksek refah seviyeleri nedeniyle göçmenler için adeta bir cazibe merkezidir. İkinci Dünya Savaşı'nın ardından göçmenleri kalkınma sürecinin bir parçası olarak gören ve "açık kapı" politikası benimseyen Avrupa ülkeleri, 1970'li yıllarla beraber yaşanan ekonomik krizlerin etkisiyle sınırlarını göçmenlere kapatarak "kapalı kapı" dönemine geçmiştir. Schengen Antlaşması ile iç sınırların kaldırılması, güçlendirilmiş dış sınır kontrolleri şeklinde karşımıza çıkmaktadır. 11 Eylül saldırılarının ardından başta Avrupa Birliği ülkeleri olmak üzere tüm dünyanın "yabancı" ve "güvenlik" algısı değişmiştir. Saldırıların ardından düşman ceza hukukunun yarattığı psikolojik etkiyle toplanan ve değişen "yabancı" ve "güvenlik" algısı ile perçinlenen "istenmeyen" olma durumuna, AB'nin bulduğu en efektif çözüm geri kabul antlaşmalarıdır. Düzensiz göç sorunu geri kabul antlaşmaları ile, kaynak ve transit ülkelerle iş birliği yapılarak AB'nin iç sorunu haline gelmeden çözülmeye çalışılmıştır. Ancak artan bu güvenlik yaklaşımı ve zorlayıcı sınır politikaları nedeniyle uluslararası koruma arayan kişiler, düzensiz bir şekilde sınırları geçmeye çalışmaktadırlar. Tehlike arz eden bu yolculuklar esnasında Akdeniz ve Ege Denizi adeta bir ölüler denizi haline gelmiş bulunmaktadır. Bu durum geri göndermeme ilkesini tartışmalı hâle getirmektedir. Kişilerin statüsüne bakılmaksızın sadece insan olmasından ileri gelen birtakım hakları bulunmaktadır. Tüm devletler, insan hakları hukuku ve göç hukuku metinlerinde düzenlenen bu hakları yetki alanları altında olan herkese sağlamakla yükümlüdürler. Sığınma hakkı bağlamında tüm devletler, düzensiz göçmenlerin uluslararası koruma prosedürlerine erişimini sağlamalı ve göçmenleri düzensiz girişi nedeniyle cezalandırmamalıdır. Ancak AB ülkeleri, çeşitli nedenlerle kişilere sığınma hakkı sağlamak hususunda isteksiz davranmakta ve sınırlarını korumak amacıyla düzensiz göçmenlerin insan haklarına gereken saygıyı göstermemektedir. Birlik, sınırlarını ve "Avrupa" kimliğini korumak pahasına ayrımcılık yapmamak, eşitlik ve temel insan haklarına saygı gösterilmesi gibi temel değerlerine aykırı hareket etmekte ve önceliğini güvenliğe vermektedir. "Avrupa Birliği Mülteci Hukuku Reformunda Düzensiz Göçmenlerin Statüleri" başlıklı çalışma ile Avrupa Birliği'nin değişen göç politikalarının düzensiz göçmenlerin haklarını nasıl etkilediği açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın birinci bölümünde birçok bilim dalının göç olgusuyla ilgilenmesi ve hepsinin farklı perspektiften konuya yaklaşması nedeniyle oldukça benzer özellikler göstermesine rağmen bazı nüanslar barındıran göç kavramı ile göçe ilişkin temel kavramlar açıklanmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra göçmenleri göçe iten nedenler, göç teorileri, göç hukukunun tarihsel gelişimi ve düzensiz göçmenliği besleyen göçmen kaçakçılığı suçuna da bu bölümde yer verilmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde, birinci bölümde ele alınan göçün temel kavramları, nedenleri ve tarihsel gelişimi bilgilerinden yola çıkılarak Avrupa Birliği özelinde göç hukukunun esasları ve gelişimi konusu irdelenmiştir. Bu bölümde, Avrupa'nın yeniden yapılanma sürecinde benimsediği "açık kapı" politikası döneminden, göçmenleri adeta bir sorun olarak gören "kapalı kapı" döneminde değin göç ve göçmenlere yönelik yaklaşımı uluslararası antlaşmalar aracılığıyla incelenmiştir. Ayrıca bu bölümde Avrupa Birliği'nin ortak göç çalışmaları ile EURODAC, FRONTEX, EUROSUR gibi düzensiz göçmenleri önlemek amacıyla oluşturulan kurumlara da değinilmiştir. Avrupa Birliği'nin 2000'li yıllarda benimsediği politika ile artan düzensiz göç sorununa kaynak ve transit ülkeleri de dahil ederek çözüm yolu bulma süreci bölümde irdelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda geri kabul antlaşmaları ele alınmıştır. Tezin son bölümünde ise sığınma hakkı, sığınma hakkını teminat altına alan hukuki kaynaklar ve düzensiz göçmenlerin uluslararası koruma başvurusu sonuçlanana ve geri gönderilmesine değin sahip olduğu haklar uluslararası yargı kararları ışığında ele alınmıştır.Migration dates back to the beginning of the history of humanity. Merely to survive, early, the Homo Sapiens and presently, modern human, have been seeking to fulfill their endless needs against the limited offerings of the Earth, which has been leading them to migrate to other places, either voluntarily or forcibly, and impelled by various factors such as economic, social, natural or political ones. Mostly internal and prompted by the basic motives throughout the ancient times, it is now of an international and political challenge, which asserts immigration and refugee law as one of the fundamental components of international law. European countries with their massive and developed economies, and high levels of welfare, have been a center of attraction for immigrants. Following the World War II, European countries considered immigrants as a part of their developmental movement and adopted an "open-door policy", however, retreated to "the closed-door policy" due to the economic depression arising in 1970s, which, later, constituted a policy on strict border controls while the mutual borders were abolished, with the Schengen Agreement. September 11 attacks drastically and severely changed global, and notably European countries' perception of foreigners and security. Alerted by the attacks and driven by the impulse of Feindstrafrecht, in the European Council of Seville in 2002, for the first time in the history of the European Councils, illegal immigration became an agenda item, and the presidency conclusion addressed the combat against illegal immigration specifically, under the Chapter, "Asylum and Immigration". For those considered "unwelcomed", an image having become more solid with the change in the perceptions of security and foreigners, readmission agreements were considered as the most effective solution by the Union. Through such agreements with countries of origin and transit, Union intended to proactively prevent illegal immigration from being an intra-Union matter. This strict security and border protection policy, on the other hand, have forced the asylum-seekers into illegal immigration. During such dangerous attempts, Mediterranean and Aegean Sea has become graveyards, and non-refoulement principle is disputed. Humans have fundamental rights regardless of their status, and all states are to act in exercise of such rights, regulated under international human rights and immigration laws, for those within their jurisdiction. As to the right to asylum, all states must ensure illegal immigrants can seek protection, and such immigrants must not be punished. However, Member States of the EU are reluctant to offer asylum and ignore and disrespect the fundamental rights of illegal immigrants, which they ground on the principles of "protecting the borders of the Union" as well as "conserving the European Identity" and give the precedence to security. This research on "Status Of Irregular Migrants In EU Asylum Law Reform" intends to study the impacts of the changing refugee policies of the European Union on the rights of illegal immigrants. In this respect, Chapter One attempts to define immigration and fundamental concepts thereof, which have similarities to those of other fields studying the phenomenon but are slightly different due to different perspectives. This Chapter also addresses motives of the immigrants, and theories and a evolution of migration law. Grounded on the fundamentals, motives and evolution discussed in Chapter One, Chapter Two addresses the foundations and evolutions of immigration law in the context of European Union. The Chapter analyzes the evolution of Europe, from the times of desperate measures, "the open-door policy" for immigrants during its consolidation, to "the closed-door policy", where immigrants are considered a problem and building a "European Fortress" is considered a must to protect the borders and compares this shift in Europe's approach in review of the scripts of conventions and protocols during that period. The Chapter further addresses the organizations such as EURODAC, FRONTEX and EUROSUR, formed to prevent illegal immigration. discusses the course of action determined by the Union's updates to its policies towards finding a cooperative solution to illegal immigration by involving the countries of origin and transit. In this respect, readmission agreements are addressed as well. This chapter also addresses the motives behind migration, the theories of migration, the historical course of migration law, as well as the migrant smuggling, a crime that facilitates irregular migration The Conclusion Chapter, which discusses the right to asylum as human right, addresses the right to asylum, the legal basis for seeking and right to asylum, and the right of illegal immigrants during the procedures for concluding their application for international protection and their return, in the light of international rulings
Low-complexity interference reduction for gfdm systems using corrective coefficients
No full textGeneralized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM) is a promising multi-carrier modulation scheme for next-generation wireless communication systems. GFDM uses a non-orthogonal pulse shape, which leads to self-interference among sub-carriers. In this paper, we propose a new coded GFDM method to reduce the self-interference in each block by using a space-frequency block coding (SFBC) scheme. To this end, we introduce corrective coefficients based on channel state information and the demodulation matrix for each modulated data. We evaluate the bit error rate (BER) performance of the system by comparing SFBC-GFDM transmission in Rayleigh channels with a matched filter (MF) receiver. Our computer simulations show that the proposed scheme substantially improves the system performance in BER. Per our results presented in this paper, we achieve 5 dB performance improvement at BER of 10-2 compared to previous counterparts
Measurement of double-parton scattering in inclusive production of four jets with low transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at s√ = 13 TeV
No full textA measurement of inclusive four-jet production in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is presented. The transverse momenta of jets within |η| < 4.7 are required to exceed 35, 30, 25, and 20 GeV for the first-, second-, third-, and fourth-leading jet, respectively. Differential cross sections are measured as functions of the jet transverse momentum, jet pseudorapidity, and several other observables that describe the angular correlations between the jets. The measured distributions show sensitivity to different aspects of the underlying event, parton shower modeling, and matrix element calculations. In particular, the interplay between angular correlations caused by parton shower and double-parton scattering contributions is shown to be important. The double-parton scattering contribution is extracted by means of a template fit to the data, using distributions for single-parton scattering obtained from Monte Carlo event generators and a double-parton scattering distribution constructed from inclusive single-jet events in data. The effective double-parton scattering cross section is calculated and discussed in view of previous measurements and of its dependence on the models used to describe the single- parton scattering background.BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES and BNSF (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); MINCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC PUT and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRI (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS, RFBR, and NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI, and FEDER (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (U.S.A.).
Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract Nos. 675440, 724704, 752730, 758316, 765710, 824093, 884104, and COST Action CA16108 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science -EOS" -be.h project n. 30820817; the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, No. Z191100007219010; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), under Germany's Excellence Strategy -EXC 2121 "Quantum Universe" -390833306, and under project number 400140256 -GRK2497; the Lendulet ("Momentum") Program and the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program UNKP, the NKFIA research grants 123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105, 128713, 128786, and 129058 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the Latvian Council of Science; the Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the National Science Center, contracts Opus 2014/15/B/ST2/03998 and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861 (Poland); the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, grant CEECIND/01334/2018 (Portugal); the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, project no. 14.W03.31.0026 (Russia); the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, grant MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Stavros Niarchos Foundation (Greece); the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Kavli Foundation; the Nvidia Corporation; the SuperMicro Corporation; the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (U.S.A.).Publisher versio
Numerical analysis of segmental tunnel linings - Use of the beam-spring and solid-interface methods
No full textThe effect of segmental joints is one of main importance for the segmental lining design when tunnels are excavated by a mechanized process. In this paper, segmental tunnel linings are analyzed by two numerical methods, namely the Beam-Spring Method (BSM) and the Solid-Interface Method (SIM). For this purpose, the Tehran Subway Line 6 Tunnel is considered to be the reference case. Comprehensive 2D numerical simulations are performed considering the soil's calibrated plastic hardening model (PH). Also, an advanced 3D numerical model was used to obtain the stress relaxation value. The SIM numerical model is conducted to calculate the average rotational stiffness of the longitudinal joints considering the joints bending moment distribution and joints openings. Then, based on the BSM, a sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the influence of the ground rigidity, depth to diameter ratios, slippage between the segment and ground, segment thickness, number of segments and pattern of joints. The findings indicate that when the longitudinal joints are flexible, the soil-segment interaction effect is significant. The joint rotational stiffness effect becomes remarkable with increasing the segment thickness, segment number, and tunnel depth. The pattern of longitudinal joints, in addition to the joint stiffness ratio and number of segments, also depends on the placement of longitudinal joints of the key segment in the tunnel crown (similar to patterns B and B').Publisher versio
Morpholex Turkish: A morphological lexicon for Turkish
No full textMorphoLex is a study in which root, prefix and suffixes of words are analyzed. With MorphoLex, many words can be analyzed according to certain rules and a useful database can be created. Due to the fact that Turkish is an agglutinative language and the richness of its language structure, it offers different analyzes and results from previous studies in MorphoLex. In this study, we revealed the process of creating a database with 48,472 words and the results of the differences in language structure
Kar oluşumunun değişik çevresel koşullar ve yüzey konfigrasyonları üzerindeki etkileri üzerine deneysel araştırma
No full textFrost formation on finned surfaces is observed on heat exchangers in cooling systems such as refrigerators and air conditioners. Accumulated frost on finned surfaces blocks the air flow in between fins and reduces the effective surface area and it creates an additional resistance for heat transfer. The frost accumulation on finned surfaces increases the energy consumption of a cooling system and needs to be mitigated by the design of the finned surfaces. In this experimental study, the effects of air velocity, relative air humidity, surface temperature, fin length, fin space, surface orientation and surface coating on the heat transfer performance of the finned surface have been investigated. The measurements were conducted in a horizontal wind tunnel open to atmosphere. Air at 18 °C was used over temperature controlled cold finned surfaces positioned inside the test section of the tunnel. The heat transfer rate through the finned surface was measured during the experiment using an in-house built Heat Flux Measurement System (HFMS). Experiments showed that frost accumulation on finned surfaces blocks the air penetration into fin gaps and results in a sharp drop in the heat transfer rate. It has been found that high relative humidity, high incoming air velocity, high fin length increases the heat transfer rate from the finned surface by reducing the negative impact of frosting on the heat transfer rate. Condensed water droplets occur on the surfaces since higher parameter values provides higher heat transfer rates. Condensed water droplets turn to ice with the beginning of the frost formation. High thermal conductivity of ice increases the effective thermal conductivity of frost and provides higher heat transfer rates. Narrow fin space is found to be disadvantageous under the frosting conditions. The small gap between fins is easily blocked by the frost and the effective surface area of the finned surface is heavily reduced. Fin gaps larger than 4 mm are required if the surface is to be used under frosting conditions. The effect of different fin shapes has also been studied. Knife edge shaped fins are found to be better in terms of heat transfer rate as compared to staggered and inline type fins. Regarding the orientation of the finned surface with respect to air flow, it was found that the parallel flow arrangement results in the highest heat flow rate compared to the impinging flow arrangement. This is due to the fact the finned surfaces under parallel flow arrangement is subjected to less frost accumulation. Finally, the effect of the superhydrophobic coating on the heat transfer performance of the finned surface was studied. The coated surfaces do not have a significant amount of water condensation in the vertical orientation and also in the parallel flow arrangement. On the other hand, over the uncoated surface considerable amount of water condensation was found. It could be that the water droplets could not adhere to the coated surface because of the superhydrophobic coating. The absence of the water droplets on the coated surface resulted in an earlier frost growth which resulted in an earlier blockage of the fins and an earlier drop in the heat transfer rate. Finally, the measurements have shown that hydrophobic coatings show a negative impact on the heat transfer rate of the finned surfaces under impinging flow conditions.Buzdolapları ve klimalar gibi soğutma sistemlerinin ısı değiştiricileri üzerindeki kanatlı yüzeylerde kar oluşumu incelenmektedir. Kanatlı yüzeyler üzerinde oluşan kar kanatlar arsındaki hava akışını engeller ve efektif yüzey alanını azaltır. Bu aynı zamanda ısı transferi için ekstra direnç oluşturur. Kanatlı yüzeylerdeki kar birikimi soğutma sistemlerinin enerji tüketimini arttırdığından bunun kanatlı yüzey tasarımıyla azaltılması gerekmektedir. Bu deneysel çalışmada hava hızı, bağıl nem, yüzey sıcaklığı, kanat uzunluğu, kanat boşluğu, yüzey oryantasyonu ve yüzey kaplamasının kanatlı yüzeylerin ısı transfer performansı üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Ölçümler atmosfere açık yatay bir rüzgar tünelinde yürütülmüştür. 18 °C sıcaklığındaki hava tünelinin deney bölgesinin içine yerleştirilen sıcaklık kontrollü soğuk yüzeye gönderilmiştir. Kanatlı yüzey boyunca ısı transfer hızı, deney sırasında dahili bir Isı Akışı Ölçüm Sistemi (HFMS) kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. Deneyler, kanatlı yüzeylerde kar birikmesinin kanat boşluklarına hava girişini engellediğini ve ısı transfer oranında keskin bir düşüşe neden olduğunu göstermiştir. Yüksek bağıl nem, gelen hava hızı, kanat uzunluğunun kanatlı yüzeyden ısı transfer hızını arttırdığı ve ayrıca karlanmanın ısı transfer hızı üzerindeki olumsuz etkisini sınırladığı tespit edilmiştir. Dar kanat boşluğu buzlanma koşulları altında dezavantajlı bulunmuştur. Kanatlar arasındaki küçük boşluk, kar tarafından kolayca bloke edilir ve kanatlı yüzeyin etkin yüzey alanı büyük ölçüde azalır. Eğer yüzey karlanma koşulları altında kullanılacaksa kanat boşluğunun 4 mm'den daha geniş olması gerekmektedir. Farklı kanat şekillerinin etkileri çalışılmıştır. Bıçak kenarı şekilli kanatlarında kademeli veya sıralı kanatlarla karşılaştırıldığında daha iyi ısı transfer hızı olduğu bulunmuştur. Kanatlı yüzeyin hava akışına göre oryantasyonu ile ilgili olarak, paralel akış düzenlemesinin, çarpan akış düzenlemesine kıyasla en yüksek ısı akış hızına sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Bunun nedeni, paralel akış düzenlemesi durumunda kanatlı yüzeylerde daha az kar birikimine maruz kalması olabilir. Son olarak, süperhidrofobik kaplamanın kanatlı yüzeyin ısı transfer performansı üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Kaplanmış yüzeyler, kanatlı yüzeyin dikey düzenlemesinde ve ayrıca paralel akış düzenlemesinde yüzey üzerinde önemli ölçüde su yoğuşmasına maruz kalmamıştır. Ancak kaplanmamış yüzeyde önemli miktarda su yoğuşması tespit edilmiştir. Süperhidrofobik kaplama nedeniyle su damlacıklarının kaplanmış yüzeye yapışamaması olabilir. Kaplanmış yüzey üzerinde su damlacıklarının olmaması, kanatların daha erken tıkanmasına ve ısı transfer oranında daha erken bir düşüşe neden olan daha erken bir kar büyümesine neden oldu. Bu nedenle, tüm ölçümler, hidrofobik kaplamaların, çarpan akış koşulları altında kanatlı yüzeylerin ısı transfer hızı üzerinde olumsuz bir etki gösterdiğini göstermiştir
Attack to quantum cryptosystems through RF fingerprints from photon detectors
No full textThe well-known RF penetration method is implemented on the quantum cryptosystems. In this study, RF radiations from the single photon detectors in a quantum key distribution system are intercepted. It was found that the data contents of a quantum transmission system can be detected from the vicinity of the receiving parties by exploiting the radiations of avalanche effect of single photon detectors. We showed that any Geiger-mode avalanche photodetector acts like a downconverter that converts the optical-wavelength photons to radio-wavelength photons. In our experiment, the fingerprints of the avalanche radiations from commercial single photon detectors were fed to a trained deep learning neural network, and the bit content of quantum transmission was cloned with >99% accuracy up to a distance of 2 meters from the detectors. We also speculate on the enhancement of the key cloning accuracy and range of the eavesdropping.TÜBİTA
Network-coded cooperative systems in cognitive radio networks
No full textWe study the performance of a network-coded cooperative (NCC) system in an underlay cognitive radio network (CRN). The primary network (PN) consists of a single transmitter-receiver pair, and the secondary network (SN) is an NCC system with users, relays, and a single destination. The relays employ decode-and-forward (DF) protocol and use network coding (NC). We study the performance of the SN under two types of power constraints: i) the combined peak interference power constraint on the PN and maximum transmit power constraint at the SN; and ii) the single peak interference power constraint on the PN. For the SN, an exact closed-form expression and an asymptotically tight end-to-end outage probability are derived, and the diversity order and coding gain are quantified. Compared to the existing literature, the proposed CRN NCC has four main distinguishable features: i) it applies to general CRN NCC network settings with an arbitrary number of users and relays; ii) it considers general relay selection mechanism and independent and non-identically distributed (i.n.i.d.) fading channels; iii) it assumes secondary-to-primary and primary-to-secondary interference links; and iv) it provides a generalization of previous work and includes existing results in the literature as special cases
Cationic metal-organic frameworks synthesized from cyclotetraphosphazene linkers with flexible tentacles
No full textMetal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based on group 12 metals, namely, [Zn2(O3PyCP)Cl4] (Zn-O3PyCp), [Cd(O3PyCP)(NO3)2].H2O (Cd-O3PyCp), and [Hg(O3PyCP)Cl2] (Hg-O3PyCp), were synthesized using a novel flexible molecular building block, octakis(3-pyridyloxy)cyclotetraphosphazene (O3PyCP), and group 12 metal salts (ZnCl2, Cd(NO3)2.6H2O, and HgCl2). The crystals of each of the cationic frameworks were structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and thermogravimetric analysis. Because of the flexibility of the O3PyCP building block, we were able to observe three distinct cationic frameworks with group 12 metal ions. We performed the atomically detailed simulations to compute H2 adsorption isotherms of the resulting frameworks at a pressure range of 0-1 bar at 77 K. Zn-O3PyCp exhibits the highest H2 uptake capacity (58.42 cm3 STP/g).Türkiye Bilimler AkademisiPublisher versio
Study of quark and gluon jet substructure in Z+jet and dijet events from pp collisions
No full textMeasurements of jet substructure describing the composition of quark- and gluon-initiated jets are presented. Proton-proton (pp) collision data at s = 13 TeV collected with the CMS detector are used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. Generalized angularities are measured that characterize the jet substructure and distinguish quark- and gluon-initiated jets. These observables are sensitive to the distributions of transverse momenta and angular distances within a jet. The analysis is performed using a data sample of dijet events enriched in gluon-initiated jets, and, for the first time, a Z+jet event sample enriched in quark-initiated jets. The observables are measured in bins of jet transverse momentum, and as a function of the jet radius parameter. Each measurement is repeated applying a “soft drop” grooming procedure that removes soft and large angle radiation from the jet. Using these measurements, the ability of various models to describe jet substructure is assessed, showing a clear need for improvements in Monte Carlo generators.BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES and BNSF (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); MINCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC PUT and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRI (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS, RFBR, and NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI, and FEDER (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (U.S.A.).r Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie programme and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract Nos. 675440, 724704, 752730, 758316, 765710, 824093, 884104, and COST Action CA16108 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science -EOS" -be.h project n. 30820817; the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, No. Z191100007219010; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), under Germany's Excellence Strategy -EXC 2121 "Quantum Universe" -390833306, and under project number 400140256 -GRK2497; the Lendulet ("Momentum") Programme and the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program UNKP, the NKFIA research grants 123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105, 128713, 128786, and 129058 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the Latvian Council of Science; the Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the National Science Center, contracts Opus 2014/15/B/ST2/03998 and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861 (Poland); the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, grant CEECIND/01334/2018 (Portugal); the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, project no. 14.W03.31.
0026 (Russia); the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, grant MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Stavros Niarchos Foundation (Greece); the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Kavli Foundation; the Nvidia Corporation; the SuperMicro Corporation; the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (U.S.A.).Publisher versio