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Fly-ash evaluation as potential EOL material replacement of cement in pastes: Morpho-structural and physico-chemical properties assessment
No full textThe main objective of the study was to produce alternative binder materials, obtained with low cost, low energy consumption, and low CO2 production, by regenerating end-of-life (EOL) materials from mineral deposits, to replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The materials analyzed were ash and slag from the Turceni thermal power plant deposit, Romania. These were initially examined for morphology, mineralogical composition, elemental composition, degree of crystallinity, and heating behavior, to determine their ability to be used as a potential source of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) and to establish the activation and transformation temperature in the SCM. The in-situ pozzolanic behavior of commercial cement, as well as cement mixtures with different percentages of ash addition, were further observed. The mechanical resistance, water absorption, sorptivity capacity, resistance to alkali reactions (ASR), corrosion resistance, and resistance to reaction with sulfates were evaluated in this study using low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy.European Union’s Horizon 2020 ; Ministry of Education, Science and Sport of thRepublic of SloveniaPublisher versio
Using social media to monitor conflict-related migration: A review of implications for A.I. forecasting
No full textFollowing the large-scale 2015–2016 migration crisis that shook Europe, deploying big data and social media harvesting methods became gradually popular in mass forced migration monitoring. These methods have focused on producing ‘real-time’ inferences and predictions on individual and social behavioral, preferential, and cognitive patterns of human mobility. Although the volume of such data has improved rapidly due to social media and remote sensing technologies, they have also produced biased, flawed, or otherwise invasive results that made migrants’ lives more difficult in transit. This review article explores the recent debate on the use of social media data to train machine learning classifiers and modify thresholds to help algorithmic systems monitor and predict violence and forced migration. Ultimately, it identifies and dissects five prevalent explanations in the literature on limitations for the use of such data for A.I. forecasting, namely ‘policy-engineering mismatch’, ‘accessibility/comprehensibility’, ‘legal/legislative legitimacy’, ‘poor data cleaning’, and ‘difficulty of troubleshooting’. From this review, the article suggests anonymization, distributed responsibility, and ‘right to reasonable inferences’ debates as potential solutions and next research steps to remedy these problems.Science Academy Society of Turkey ; TÜBİTAKPublisher versio
Annelerin zihinselleştirmesinin annelerin duygusal erişilebilirliği ve 1-3 yaş aralığındaki çocukların bağlanma güvenliğindeki rolü
No full textSecure attachment to a primary caregiver in early childhood is related with positive child outcomes in the short- and long-run. The formation of secure attachment is influenced by maternal cognitive and behavioral characteristics. In this study, I aimed to examine maternal mentalization as an aspect of maternal cognitive characteristics, emotional availability that encompasses sensitivity, structuring, non-hostility, and non-intrusiveness as maternal behavioral characteristics, and toddlers' attachment security in a low socio-economic-status (SES) group in Istanbul, Turkey. One hundred and thirteen mothers (Mage= 30.30 years, SD= 4.77) and their 11-38 months old toddlers (Mage= 23.22 months, SD= 6.84, 45.1% female) took part in the study. The participants were visited at home and videotaped for two hours. During these two hours, they went on their normal routines, engaged in instructed 10-minutes free play, and filled out a questionnaire pack. Maternal mentalization was assessed by self-report Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ; Luyten et al., 2009). Free play footages were coded for Emotional Availability Scales (EAS; Biringen, 2008) by 2 trained reliable coders. Two-hour naturalistic home observation of toddlers was coded by 2 trained reliable coders for attachment security using Attachment Q-Sort (AQS; Waters & Deane, 1995). The results showed that maternal pre-mentalizing, a subscale of PRFQ indicating maladaptive and hostile elements of mentalization, negatively predicted attachment security of toddlers. Mothers' interest and curiosity in their toddlers' mental states was positively related with maternal sensitivity, but other dimensions of mothers' emotional availability were not associated with maternal mentalization. Also, none of the dimensions of EAS were related with toddlers' attachment security. More than half of the mothers were assigned to complicated zone in EAS, which reflects insecure-ambivalent/resistant characteristics. Therefore, I conducted a subgroup analysis with 63 mother-toddler dyads in the complicated zone. Complicated mothers' pre-mentalizing modes negatively predicted maternal sensitivity and toddlers' attachment security. In addition, maternal sensitivity in EAS predicted attachment security and fully mediated the relationship between mentalization and attachment security. The results demonstrated that mentalization characteristics of mothers from low SES can vary based on their attachment-specific individual differences in dyadic relationships. Hence, interventions targeting low SES mothers should consider both mentalization and behavioral indicators.Erken çocuklukta birincil bakım verene güvenli bağlanma, kısa ve uzun vadede çocuk gelişimiyle olumlu ilişkilidir. Güvenli bağlanmanın oluşumu, annenin bilişsel (Örn. zihinselleştirme) ve davranışsal (Örn. duygusal erişilebilirlik) özelliklerinden etkilenir. Bu çalışmada, düşük sosyoekonomik düzeydeki (SED) Türk örneklemindeki annelerin zihinselleştirilmesini, duyarlılık, yapılandırma, düşmanlık yapmama ve müdahaleci olmamayı kapsayan duygusal erişilebilirliğini ve 1-3 yaş aralığındaki çocukların bağlanma güvenliğini incelemeyi amaçladım. Çalışmaya yüz on üç anne (yaş ortalaması 30.30 yıl, SS = 4.77) ve küçük çocukları (yaş ortalaması 23.22 ay, SS = 6.84) katıldı. Katılımcılar evde ziyaret edildi ve iki saat boyunca videoya alındı, bu süre zarfında normal rutinlerine devam ettiler, 10 dakikalık serbest oyun oynadılar ve bir anket paketi doldurdular. Annenin zihinselleştirilmesi öz bildirim Ebeveyn İçsel Düşünme İşlevselliği Ölçeği (EİDİÖ; Luyten ve diğerleri, 2009) ile değerlendirildi. Serbest oyun görüntüleri 2 eğitimli güvenilir kodlayıcı tarafından Duygusal Erişilebilirlik Ölçekleri (EAS; Biringen, 2008) ile kodlanmıştır. Çocukların bağlanma güvenliği iki saatlik doğal ev gözlemine dayanarak Bağlanma Davranışları Sınıflandırma Seti (BDDS; Waters & Deane, 1995) ile 2 eğitimli güvenilir kodlayıcı tarafından kodlandı. Sonuçlar, zihinselleştirmenin olumsuz ve zararlı unsurlarını gösteren ve EİDİÖ'nün bir alt ölçeği olan zihinselleştirme öncesi tutumların, çocukların bağlanma güvenliğini olumsuz olarak yordadığını gösterdi. Annelerin çocukların zihinsel durumlarına ilgi ve merakları anne duyarlılığını olumsuz olarak yordadı. Duygusal erişilebilirliğin diğer boyutları annenin zihinselleştirilmesi ile ilişkili değildi. Ayrıca duygusal erişilebilirlik ölçeğinin alt boyutlarından hiçbiri çocukların bağlanma güvenliği ile anlamlı bir ilişki göstermedi. Annelerin yarısından fazlasının duygusal erişilebilirlik kategorilerinden güvensiz-kararsız / dirençli özellikleri taşıyan karmaşık kategoride yer almıştır. Bu nedenle karmaşık kategorideki 63 anne-çocuk çiftiyle bir alt grup analizi yaptım. Karmaşık kategorideki annelerin zihinselleştirme öncesi unsurları, annenin duyarlılığını ve çocukların bağlanma güvenliğini olumsuz olarak yordadı. Ek olarak, anne duyarlılığı bağlanma güvenliğini yordarken, zihinselleştirme ile bağlanma güvenliği arasındaki ilişkiye tam aracılık ettiği saptandı. Sonuçlar, düşük SED'deki annelerin zihinselleştirme özelliklerinin, ikili ilişkilerdeki bağlanmaya özgü bireysel farklılıklarına göre değişebileceğini göstermektedir. Bu nedenle, düşük SED'li anneleri hedefleyen müdahaleler hem zihinselleştirme hem de davranışsal göstergeleri dikkate almalıdır
Earth buildings from traditional to present
No full textEarth, one of the first materials used by humans to produce shelter and goods, continues to be used in many areas with different processing techniques today. Earthen structures are frequently encountered, especially in regions with scarce other essential resources such as wood and stone. They have protected people from difficult environmental conditions for centuries and created spaces that provide suitable comfort for their survival and development. Structures built with earth in regions with harsh conditions in the past are still in use today, thanks to the durability and renewability of the material. The world, one of the first materials used by humans to produce shelter and goods, continues to be used in many areas with different processing techniques today. Earthen structures are frequently encountered, especially in regions with scarce other essential resources such as wood and stone. They have protected people from difficult environmental conditions for centuries and created spaces that provide suitable comfort for their survival and development. Structures built with earth in regions with harsh conditions in the past are still in use today, thanks to the durability and renewability of the material. The easy accessibility and sustainability features of raw earth building materials can also meet today's design needs. In recent years, earth buildings have also attracted increasing interest from the scientific world since sustainability has recently gained importance
Peace processes and the integration of pro-government militias: The case of village guards in Turkey
No full textMilitia groups have only recently started to attract scholarly attention in the literature on internal conflicts. This attention is mostly focused on either the causes of their emergence or their functions and performance during the conflict. The role of militia groups in post-conflict processes, however, has not been adequately addressed. This article intends to fill this gap by analyzing the case of village guards, a type of pro-government militia system in Turkey, based on qualitative evidence from field research. While the dominant narrative in the literature identifies militia groups as spoilers in peace processes, the article shows that militias do not act as spoilers under certain conditions. In the case of the village guard system in Turkey, the permanent integration of militias into the state's regular military apparatus prevented militia groups from acting as spoilers. It then argues that the permanent integration of wartime militia systems is a consequence of two factors: militia networking and a lack of comprehensive peace-building structures.Istanbul Policy Cente
MaLeFICE: Machine learning support for continuous performance improvement in computational engineering
No full textComputer aided engineering (CAE) practices improved drastically within the last decade due to ease of access to computing resources and open-source software. However, increasing complexity of hardware and software settings and the scarcity of multiskilled personnel rendered the practice inefficient and infeasible again. In this article, we present a method for continuous performance improvement in computational engineering that combines online performance profiling with machine learning (ML). To test the viability of this method, we provide a detailed analysis for solution time estimation of finite element analysis (FEA) jobs based on multidimensional models. These models combine numerous matrix features (matrix size, density, bandwidth, etc.), solver features (direct-iterative, preconditioning, tolerance), and hardware features (core count, virtual–physical). We repeat our analysis over different machines as well as docker containers to demonstrate applicability over different platforms. Next, we train supervised and unsupervised ML algorithms over commonly used, realistic FEA benchmarks and compare accuracy of different models. Finally, we design two new ML-based online batch schedulers called shortest predicted time first (SPTF) and shortest cluster time first (SCTF), which are comparable in performance to the optimal, but offline shortest job first (SJF) scheduler. We find that ML-based profiling and scheduling can reduce the average turnaround times by 2x –5x over other alternatives
Tamper-proof evidence via blockchain for autonomous vehicle accident monitoring
No full textIn case of an accident between two autonomous vehicles equipped with emerging technologies, how do we apportion liability among the various players? A special liability regime has not even yet been established for damages that may arise due to the accidents of autonomous vehicles. Would the immutable, time-stamped sensor records of vehicles on distributed ledger help define the intertwined relations of liability subjects right through the accident? What if the synthetic media created through deepfake gets involved in the insurance claims? While integrating AI-powered anomaly or deepfake detection into automated insurance claims processing helps to prevent insurance fraud, it is only a matter of time before deepfake becomes nearly undetectable even to elaborate forensic tools. This paper proposes a blockchain-based insurtech decentralized application to check the authenticity and provenance of the accident footage and also to decentralize the loss-adjusting process through a hybrid of decentralized and centralized databases using smart contracts
Expertise comparison among product design students: a cross-sectional analysis
No full textProduct design expertise has mostly been studied in relation to problem-solving and the act of designing. In this paper, we approach the topic from another perspective and explore the differences in product perception of students from different education levels. We conceptualize product perception as a representation of critical thinking towards designed objects and professional assessment/understanding of artifacts. Our aim is to evaluate how students’ product perception change over the years of undergraduate product design education. Data was collected through students’ written product evaluations of a ball-point pen. 41 first-year, 29 second-year, 33 third-year, and 26 fourth-year undergraduate product design students participated in the study. We analyzed students’ product evaluations through initial and focused coding. Our findings indicate a shift from ordinary to professional sense-making between the second- and third-year students. There are three main points that define the professional sense-making of students: a dependence on subjectivity, the significance attributed to users, and better synthetic capabilities that are built around form, material, manufacturing, and detailing relationships
Effectiveness of source-monitoring training in reducing halo error and negativity bias in a performance appraisal setting
No full textThe goal of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of a source-monitoring procedure in reducing halo error and negativity bias in a performance appraisal setting. Participants watched videotaped performance segments of an instructor presumably taking place over a school year (N = 126). Then, participants in the source-monitoring training condition received instructions teaching them how to differentiate memories that evoke detailed representations (remember judgments) from memories that evoke mere feelings of familiarity (know judgments). With this distinction in mind, participants in the training condition made significantly more accurate judgments than participants in the control condition. The training was successful in increasing the accuracy of performance ratings and reducing halo error and the negativity bias. Recognition memory measures showed that improvements were due to increased reliance on specific memory traces in the training condition. There was evidence of heuristic reliance on general impressions in the control condition.Turkish Academy of Science
Evaluation of the concept of public service in terms of the Turkish petroleum market
No full textPetrol piyasası faaliyetleri, 5015 sayılı Petrol Piyasası Kanunu’nda ele alınan ve ham petrolün yurt içinden veya yurt dışından temin edilerek doğrudan ya da işlenmek suretiyle kullanıcıya sunumuna kadar olan faaliyetler zincirini kapsamaktadır. Kanun’da piyasa faaliyetlerinin; petrolün ithalini, ihracını, rafinajını, işlenmesini, depolanmasını, iletimini, ihrakiye teslimini, taşınmasını, dağıtımını, bayiliğini ifade ettiği düzenlenmiştir. Petrol piyasası faaliyetleri, özel kişiler tarafından Enerji Piyasası Düzenleme Kurumu’ndan lisans alınmak suretiyle ve yine Kurum’un gözetim ve denetimi altında rekabetçi bir piyasa yapısı içerisinde sürdürülen faaliyetlerdir. Piyasa faaliyetleri bu kamusal rejime tabi yönleri ile özel ticari faaliyetlerden farklı olmakla birlikte açık bir şekilde kamu hizmeti olarak da düzenlenmemişlerdir.
Bu bağlamda tezimizde, petrol piyasası faaliyetleri kamu hizmeti kavramı çerçevesinde değerlendirilecektir. Tez çalışmamız üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde öncelikle bir enerji kaynağı olarak petrolün ne olduğu ile küresel anlamdaki yeri ve önemi, Türkiye’de petrol piyasasının oluşumu ve gelişimi ile piyasa faaliyetleri ve faaliyetleri yürüten aktörlerin kimler olduğu anlatılacaktır. Tezimizin ikinci bölümünde, çalışmamızın çerçevesini oluşturan kamu hizmeti kavramı, kamu hizmetinin unsurları, türleri ve kamu hizmetinin temel ilkeleri detaylı olarak açıklanacaktır. Bu konular incelenirken ilgili yargı kararları da yeri geldikçe ele alınacaktır.
Tezimizde asıl işlemek istediğimiz konu ise üçüncü ve son bölümde yer alacaktır. Bu bağlamda üçüncü bölümde 5015 sayılı Petrol Piyasası Kanunu kapsamında yer alan petrol piyasası faaliyetlerinin kamu hizmeti kavramı çerçevesinde değerlendirmesi yapılacaktır. Bu değerlendirme yapılırken kamu hizmetinin her bir unsuru ve ilkesi ayrı ayrı ele alınacak olup 5015 sayılı Kanun’da yer alan düzenlemeler, kanun koyucunun düzenleme iradesi, Enerji Piyasası Düzenleme Kurumu’nun oluşturduğu ikincil mevzuat hükümleri ve ilgili yargı kararları kapsamında bir inceleme ve değerlendirme ortaya konulacaktır.Petroleum market activities cover the chain of activities, which is regulated in the Petroleum Market Law No. 5015, from the domestic or international supply of crude oil to the presentation to the user, either directly or by processing. The market activities in the Law No. 5015; It is regulated that it means the import, export, refining, processing, storage, transmission, bunker delivery, transportation, distribution, dealership of petroleum. Petroleum market activities are activities carried out by private individuals in a competitive market structure by obtaining a license from the Energy Market Regulatory Authority and under the supervision and control of the Authority. Although market activities are different from private commercial activities with their aspects subject to this public regime, they are not clearly regulated as public services. In this context, in the thesis, oil market activities are evaluated within the framework of the concept of public service.The thesis work consists of three parts.In the first chapter, what oil is as an energy source, its place and importance in the global sense, the formation and development of the oil market in Turkey, and the market activities and who are the actors carrying out the activities are explained.In the second part of the thesis, the concept of public service, which forms the framework of the study, the elements and types of public service and the basic principles of public service are explained in detail by considering judicial decisions.The main subject to be covered in the thesis is; contained in the third and final section. In this context, in the third part, the petroleum market activities within the scope of the Petroleum Market Law No. 5015 were evaluated within the framework of the concept of public service. While making this evaluation, each element and principle of the public service has been handled separately, and an examination and evaluation has been put forward within the scope of the regulations in the Law No. 5015, the regulation will of the legislator, the provisions of the secondary legislation created by the Energy Market Regulatory Authority and the relevant judicial decisions