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Velocity pulse effects of near-fault earthquakes on a high-speed railway vehicle-ballastless track-benchmark bridge system
No full textThe near fault (NF) line waves send out signal envelopes that oscillate over lengthy periods of time with periodic impulses. Like train bridges, train tracks demonstrate comparable track-bridge (TB) motion dynamics. Using these coupling dynamics, are the high-speed train-track-bridge (HSTTB) system designs sensitive to those parameters? This research incorporates a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) technique developed for simulating the dynamic reactions of the coupled TB system when faced with simultaneous NF lateral and vertical ground motions (GMs). For the first time, data from the pre-commissioning field testing of the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed train are utilized to validate the Train-Track-Bridge Dynamic Analysis (TTBDA) test. As a matter of fact, the current research has concentrated on the running safety of the high-speed train's operations, as well as the possible derailment mechanism of the high-speed train, in light of the far-field (FF) earthquakes. This analysis reveals that the NF GMs in the bridge structure's seismic reactivity are considerable. Many high-speed train derailments are due to frequent wheel displacement, elevated wheels, and significant lateral motion. The data discovered in the field may give engineers vital information for calculating relevant situations and railroad engineering projects.National Key R&D Program of Chin
Remote customer interaction in frugal product development: model with customer evaluation
No full textThe objective of this paper is to deliver an efficient structured methodology for spatially distributed but collaborative frugal product development to fulfil the requirements of emerging markets. The utilisation of local content, customer feedback, and preferences are respected to enable the customisation of products and attributes in the customer's environment. Virtual customer inspection tool based on augmented reality is developed and presented for remote customer interactions, recording feedback, preferences, and customisations. The developed tool enables the interaction of the customer with the product in digital, semi-finished, and finished form, which is capturing customer experiences, integrates geographical spread, and validates the product in the customer's environment. To achieve this, the tool uses intelligent decision-making with the incorporation of analytic hierarchy process, where satisfaction evaluation of the customer is used to achieve optimal requirements for frugal product development. The developed tool and associated remote virtual customer interactions are demonstrated with use cases
Speaking and gesturing guide event perception during message conceptualization: Evidence from eye movements
No full textSpeakers' visual attention to events is guided by linguistic conceptualization of information in spoken language production and in language-specific ways. Does production of language-specific co-speech gestures further guide speakers' visual attention during message preparation? Here, we examine the link between visual attention and multimodal event descriptions in Turkish. Turkish is a verb-framed language where speakers' speech and gesture show language specificity with path of motion mostly expressed within the main verb accompanied by path gestures. Turkish-speaking adults viewed motion events while their eye movements were recorded during non-linguistic (viewing-only) and linguistic (viewing-before-describing) tasks. The relative attention allocated to path over manner was higher in the linguistic task compared to the non-linguistic task. Furthermore, the relative attention allocated to path over manner within the linguistic task was higher when speakers (a) encoded path in the main verb versus outside the verb and (b) used additional path gestures accompanying speech versus not. Results strongly suggest that speakers' visual attention is guided by language-specific event encoding not only in speech but also in gesture. This provides evidence consistent with models that propose integration of speech and gesture at the conceptualization level of language production and suggests that the links between the eye and the mouth may be extended to the eye and the hand.NWO-VICI ; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekPublisher versio
Taşkın ve deprem etkileri altında endüstriyel yapıların performans ve zarar değerlendirmesi
No full textFlooding and earthquake are the two most-costliest hazard events that significantly affect communities in Turkey. Especially, their impacts on industrial facilities can trigger fire or release of toxic substances, resulting in extensive environmental pollution, enormous economic losses and even significant health effects on the communities around the facilities. To mitigate with impacts of disasters and reduce associated damage on industrial structures, assessment of hazard performance and loss of the facilities is the first crucial step. This study presents a probabilistic methodology to make reliable seismic and flood impact estimate for industrial buildings considering any potential structural, non-structural damage, and equipment and/or inventory losses and associated uncertainties. As a case study, the common one-story precast concrete industrial buildings in Turkey were considered. Several field trips were conducted to industrial facilities in different sectors to investigate and understand their hazard damage potential. Using the field notes and literature review results, numerous analytical damage models were built to analyze behavior of typical precast reinforced concrete industrial buildings under lateral seismic and flood forces. Damage state matrices were established for the industrial facilities to connect possible damage levels under earthquake and flood load actions to functionality of the facilities. Considering uncertainties in the key parameters for the built damage models, sensitivity analyses were performed to develop probabilistic earthquake and flood loss models. Both structural and non-structural damages and equipment/inventory losses were considered to establish holistic loss models. While the proposed models have been developed for the industrial structures in Turkey, the methodology can be adopted to the facilities in other nations and regions using similar industrial construction practices.Sel ve deprem, Türkiye'deki toplulukları önemli ölçüde maddi ve manevi olarak etkileyen iki doğal afettir. Özellikle endüstriyel tesisler üzerindeki etkileri yangını veya zehirli maddelerin salınımını tetikleyebilir, bu da kapsamlı çevre kirliliğine, büyük ekonomik kayıplara ve hatta tesislerin çevresindeki topluluklar üzerinde önemli sağlık etkilerine neden olabilir. Afetlerin etkilerini hafifletmek ve endüstriyel yapılar üzerindeki ilgili hasarı azaltmak için, doğal afet performansının ve tesislerin kaybının değerlendirilmesi ilk önemli adımdır. Bu çalışma, endüstriyel binalar için herhangi bir potansiyel yapısal, yapısal olmayan hasar ve ekipman ve / veya envanter kayıpları ve bunlarla ilişkili belirsizlikleri dikkate alarak güvenilir sismik ve taşkın etkisinin hasarını tahmin etmek için olasılıksal bir metodoloji sunmaktadır. Örnek olay incelemesi olarak, Türkiye'deki yaygın tek katlı prekast beton endüstriyel binalar ele alındı. Doğal afet hasar potansiyellerini araştırmak ve anlamak için farklı sektörlerdeki endüstriyel tesislere birkaç saha gezisi yapıldı. Saha notlarını ve literatür inceleme sonuçlarını kullanarak, tipik prekast betonarme endüstriyel binaların yanal sismik ve taşkın kuvvetleri altındaki davranışını analiz etmek için çok sayıda analitik hasar modeli oluşturulmuştur. Deprem ve sel yükleri altında olası hasar seviyelerini tesislerin işlevselliğine bağlamak için endüstriyel tesislerin hasar durumu matrisleri oluşturulmuştur. Olasılıksal hasar modelleri için anahtar parametrelerdeki belirsizlikler dikkate alınarak olasılıksal deprem ve taşkın kayıp modelleri geliştirmek için duyarlılık analizleri yapılmıştır. Bütünsel kayıp modelleri oluşturmak için hem yapısal hem de yapısal olmayan hasarlar ve ekipman / envanter kayıpları dikkate alınmıştır. Türkiye'deki endüstriyel yapılar için önerilen modeller geliştirilirken, metodoloji benzer endüstriyel inşaat uygulamaları kullanılarak diğer ülke ve bölgelerdeki tesislere de uygulanabilir
Observation of B0 s mesons and measurement of the B0 s /B+ yield ratio in PbPb collisions at √snn = 5.02 TeV
No full textThe Bs 0 and B+ production yields are measured in PbPb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV. The data sample, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.7 nb−1. The mesons are reconstructed in the exclusive decay channels B→s0J/ψ(μ+μ−)ϕ(K+K−) and B→+J/ψ(μ+μ−)K+, in the transverse momentum range 7–50 GeV/c and absolute rapidity 0–2.4. The Bs 0 meson is observed with a statistical significance in excess of five standard deviations for the first time in nucleus-nucleus collisions. The measurements are performed as functions of the transverse momentum of the B mesons and of the PbPb collision centrality. The ratio of production yields of Bs 0 and B+ is measured and compared to theoretical models that include quark recombination effects.BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS the determination of the uncertainties related to data/MC comparisons, an identical procedure to that used for the production yield is employed, but utilizing only tracking related variables, using the B+ channel. The dominant uncertainty arises from data/MC agreement and the limited MC sample size. The Rratio results are shown in Fig. 3as functions of the mesons' pT(upper) and event centrality (lower).Publisher versio
Seviye 4 otonom uzunyol çekici araçlarda ekran içerik arayüz tasarımının güvene etkisi
No full textWhile the technological advancements in Level 4 autonomous drive trucks, which can drive by themselves under limited conditions, are being communicated as a way forward to increase road safety, as well as to improve working conditions and provide relaxation to long haulage drivers onboard, it is important to understand the user acceptance factors so that this technology can provide the expected benefits. This study focuses on one of the user acceptance factors, i.e., trust of the drivers. The goal is to study the effect of Human Machine Interface (HMI) screen elements in supporting trust for Level 4 autonomous drive systems for long haulage trucks. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 truck drivers to understand the current status of drivers’ trust, to identify drive maneuver instances where trust needs to be supported, and to develop an in-depth understanding of trust support via HMI screen elements for status and information share. Paper prototypes of HMI screen design proposals were used as probe materials during the interviews and discussed from trust build up perspective towards autonomous drive technology perspective. Interview questions and drive maneuver instances for further investigation were defined based on a preliminary trust questionnaire that was administered to 9 participants. Autonomous drive technology trust constructs that were used during the interview and in the questionnaire were defined through literature reviews in psychology and human machine interaction. Results show that main driver of trust to Level 4 autonomous trucks relies with driver experience with system competency, but it is not enough on its own. HMI screen elements are important for drivers throughout the trip. They become especially important to support feeling of reliability to autonomous system under changing weather conditions and feeling of safety during autonomous drive maneuvers through transparent status and information sharing. HMI screens can build up confidence by providing adequate solutions to watch over the road and other vehicles in autonomous driving mode. Findings from this study indicate that it is a dramatic change for long haulage truck drivers to hand over the drive to an autonomous drive system for extended durations. Considering the critical drive decisions they give during the journey for situation management, strictly following a zero-risk driving characteristic and continuously considering what could go wrong, HMI screen element designs can facilitate transparency of autonomous drive system, support trust and accelerate this transition period from current truck technology to autonomous drive trucks and assist with technology acceptanceUzun yol çekicileri için geliştirilmekte olan ve sınırlı parkurlarda sürücü müdahelesine ve gözlemine gerek olmadan gidebilen Seviye 4 otonom sürüş sistemlerinin, yol güvenliğini arttırması, çekici sürücülerinin çalışma şartlarını iyileştirmesi ve yolculuk esnasında dinlenmelerine imkan tanıması gibi faydaları olacağı beklenmektedir. Sistemin teknik geliştirme çalışmalarına paralel olarak çekici sürücülerinin otonom sürüş teknolojisini kabul etmelerindeki faktörleri ve özellikle bu teknolojiye duydukları güveni kullanıcı odaklı tasarım geliştirme bakış açısıyla incelemek, bu teknolojinin sürücülerinin çalışma ve yaşam şartlarına adaptasyonu açısından önemlidir. Araştırmanın amacı çekici araçların kabin içindeki ekran arayüz içerik tasarımının Seviye 4 otonom sürüş sistemi teknolojisine olan güveni sağlamaktaki etkisini değerlendirmektir. Çekici sürücülerinin mevcut durumda bu teknolojiye duydukları güven durumunu anlamak ve otonom sistem durumu ve bilgi paylaşımına dair ekran arayüz içerik tasarımlarının güven duygusunu nasıl desteklediğini irdelemek için 12 çekici sürücüsü ile görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Kağıt prototipler şeklinde hazırlanan ekran içerik arayüz tasarım önerileri sürücülerinin incelemesine sunulmuş, toplanan bilgilerle çekiciler özelinde Seviye 4 otonom sürüş sistemine olan güvene olumlu etkileri tartışılmıştır. Görüşme sorularının hazırlanması ve hangi sürüş manevralarının görüşmeye dahil edileceğinin belirlenmesi amacıyla bir ön anket hazırlanmış ve 9 sürücüye dağıtılmıştır. Görüşme ve ankette yer verilen otonom sürüşe dair güven olgusunu etkileyen faktörler hem psikoloji dalında, hem de makina-insan arayüzü alanlarında literatür incelemesi yapılarak tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bilgiler ışığında çekici sürücülerinin otonom sürüş sistemine güvenmesinin aslen sistem yeterliliğinin tecrübe edilmesi ile oluşacağı, ama tek başına yeterli olmayacağı çıkarımına ulaşılmıştır. Ekran arayüz içerik tasarımlarının yolculuk boyunca güven duygusunun pekişmesinde önemli bir rolü olduğu, özellikle değişen hava koşullarında sistemin tutarlı bir sürüş sergileyeceğine, manevralar esnasında sistem durumu ve bilgi akışını şeffaf şekilde sağlayarak sürücülerin kendilerini emniyette hissetmelerine, yolu ve diğer araçları izleme ihtiyaçlarına doğru şekilde cevap vererek güven oluşumunu destekleyeceği görülmüştür. Çalışmada sürüşü devrederek uzun süreli otonom teknolojisini kullanarak seyahat etmenin çekici sürücüleri için büyük bir değişim olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Bugünkü yolculuklarında sürücülerin değişen şartlara göre pek çok durumsal kararlar verdikleri, seyir esnasında oluşabilecek tüm olumsuzlukları önden düşünerek sıfır risk ile bir sürüş profili sergilerdikleri bilgisi ışığında, sistem durumunu ve bilgi akışını şeffaf şekilde sağlayacak ekran arayüz içerik tasarımlarının otonom sürüş teknolojisinin benimsenmesini olumlu etkileyeceği sonucu elde edilmiştir
Financial performance evaluation by multi-criteria decision-making techniques
No full textA thorough review of techniques for the experts invested in capital markets is necessary to take the decision-making process on the stock. When it comes to profiting from the capital markets, timing is crucial. The accurate evaluation of the financial performance of the businesses in the tourism sector is of great importance both in socio-economic and strategic terms in all countries in the world. As a result, the majority of investors use multi-criteria decision-making techniques to choose the best stocks. Thus, this paper aims to perform analysis on the TOPSIS, and VIKOR multi-criteria decision-making methods by taking base as an entropy method across companies that operate in the tourism industry and are publicly traded on the Borsa Istanbul by covering the data from 2018 to 2020, and to uncover the performance results of the companies and rank them by these main criteria. In the analysis results regarding the evaluation of the financial performance of tourism companies traded in BIST, it was seen that the ranking results made with TOPSIS and VIKOR methods were similar in 2018 and 2019. It is slightly different in 2020. It was seen that AVTUR was the most important alternative in both methods, whereas MARTI had the lowest ranking alternative. Moreover, MERIT, KSTUR, and PKENT have been determined as fluctuating companies.Publisher versio
TURKEY: Governing the Unpredictable through Market Imperative
No full textThis chapter analyzes Turkey’s handling of the COVID-19 crisis, arguing that Turkey’s authoritarian regime type rather than populism per se is the central factor in making sense of its crisis response. The key features of Turkey’s response to COVID-19 were neither apparently denialist nor overwhelmingly conspiratorial. However, double standards, extensive data manipulation, a lack of transparency, and suppression of dissent have become characteristic features of Turkey’s handling of the virus—all of which point to an authoritarian style in the management of the crisis. Extensive school closures and age-based restrictions on movement are also some important components of the crisis response. Overall, the neoliberal market imperative and the absolute prioritization of the economy/business are ultimately what shaped the policy choices of the Turkish government
HM-net: A regression network for object center detection and tracking on wide area motion imagery
No full textWide Area Motion Imagery (WAMI) yields high resolution images with a large number of extremely small objects. Target objects have large spatial displacements throughout consecutive frames. This nature of WAMI images makes object tracking and detection challenging. In this paper, we present our deep neural network-based combined object detection and tracking model, namely, Heat Map Network (HM-Net). HM-Net is significantly faster than state-of-the-art frame differencing and background subtraction-based methods, without compromising detection and tracking performances. HM-Net follows object center-based joint detection and tracking paradigm. Simple heat map-based predictions support unlimited number of simultaneous detections. The proposed method uses two consecutive frames and the object detection heat map obtained from the previous frame as input, which helps HM-Net monitor spatio-temporal changes between frames and keep track of previously predicted objects. Although reuse of prior object detection heat map acts as a vital feedback-based memory element, it can lead to unintended surge of false positive detections. To increase robustness of the method against false positives and to eliminate low confidence detections, HM-Net employs novel feedback filters and advanced data augmentations. HM-Net outperforms state-of-the-art WAMI moving object detection and tracking methods on WPAFB dataset with its 96.2% F1 and 94.4% mAP detection scores, while achieving 61.8 % mAP tracking score on the same dataset. This performance corresponds to an improvement of 2.1% for F1, 6.1% for mAP scores on detection, and 9.5% for mAP score on tracking over state-of-the-art
Designing façade and envelope for a high-rise residential building using energy-efficient materials: A case in Istanbul, Turkey
No full textThe construction industry is responsible for 40% of global energy demand as buildings increase heating, cooling, and lighting demand. Therefore, building energy performance has become one of the most significant subjects for the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry in the last decade. The envelope of a building has an essential role in optimizing energy performance and consumption. The research objective of this study is to analyse and compare the impact of different envelope and facade materials on building energy performance for a high-rise residential building. The research methodology includes a literature review and a case study. The literature review analysed studies published between 2015 and 2021. In the literary review, 84 publications were extracted from Web of Science and Scopus databases, and the following sources were included: articles published in prominent journals, conference proceedings, thesis, scientific reports, and books. In the case study, passive strategies including building shape, orientation, insulation, window-wall ratio, and shelter were implemented in a 10-story residential building in Istanbul, Turkey. Design-Builder and EnergyPlus were used for analysing and comparing the energy performance of the different wall, insulation, and glass materials used in the building. Results demonstrate that each parameter and material has a considerable impact on the building energy performance. This study would contribute to the AEC literature and industry by comparing different envelope materials' energy performance and the proper scenario according to Turkey(Istanbul)'s climate. Policy-makers and decision-makers can benefit from the results of this research and amend the existing codes and policies for new high-rise buildings