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Adolescent–parent relationships and youth well-being in Turkey
No full textIn this article, I review research on adolescent–parent relationships and youth well-being in Turkey. Turkey is a country that has changed rapidly due to urbanization and globalization, and that is characterized by cultural heterogeneity in values, all of which have implications for parent–child relationships. I focus first on parenting styles, and then discuss two dimensions of parenting—warmth and parental control—that are considered more universal and culturally variable, respectively, in terms of their associations with well-being. Overall, research from Turkey is consistent with findings across cultures, showing a positive link between higher warmth and youth well-being. But recent research has challenged the cultural normativity hypothesis, which claims that psychological control may not harm the well-being of children in collectivist cultures because it is perceived as a norm in its sociocultural context. Research from collectivist cultures, including Turkey, suggests that the perception of normativity does not preclude its adversity
Adsorpsiyon bazlı üremik toksin ayırma için biyo uyumlu metal organik çerçevelerin (BIYO-MOF'lar) hesaplamalı araştırmaları
No full textPolymeric membranes in dialysis machines are currently used to separate uremic toxins from blood of chronic kidney patients. However, polymeric membranes can filter only small water-soluble uremic toxins such as urea and creatinine and generally show poor separation performance (<40 mg/g) for uremic toxins. As an alternative to membranes, adsorption-based separation methods can be used to remove uremic toxins from blood. In this thesis, we identify adsorption-based uremic toxin separation performances of 315 bio-compatible metal organic frameworks (bio-MOFs) by performing atomically-detailed simulations. We first identified hydrophobic bio-MOFs and then computed their urea, creatinine, and water uptakes by performing grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations at 310 K and 1 bar. Results showed that several bio-MOFs outperform traditional adsorbents such as zeolites, activated carbons, zeolite-polymer composite nanofibers and polymers in terms of creatinine and urea uptakes. Adsorption selectivities for urea/water, creatinine/water and creatinine/urea separations were calculated at both infinite dilution and 1 bar, 310 K. Adsorption selectivities of most bio-MOFs for urea/water separation calculated at 1 bar were found to be much higher than those computed at infinite dilution. However, adsorption selectivities for creatinine/water separation calculated at 1 bar were much lower than those computed at infinite dilution for most bio-MOFs due to the difference in interaction strength of creatinine and urea molecules within the frameworks. We also performed computationally demanding GCMC simulations for binary and ternary mixtures of uremic toxins and results showed that creatinine uptakes of bio-MOFs do not change significantly in the presence of water since creatinine is strongly adsorbed within the pores of bio-MOFs. However, water adsorption in bio-MOFs slightly increased at mixture condition due to the hydrogen bonds occurred between uremic toxins and water molecules. Overall, adenine-based bio-MOFs including bio-MOF-11 (YUVSUE) and bio-MOF-12 (BEYSEF) and a dicyanamide based MOF, KEXDIB were found to be promising candidates for both urea/water and creatinine water separations. Our results will be highly useful for development of high-performance bio-MOF adsorbents for uremic toxin separation.Polimer membranlar kronik böbrek hastalarının kanından üremik toksinleri ayırmak için diyaliz makinelerinde şu anda kullanılmaktadır. Fakat polimerik membranlar üre ve kreatinin gibi sadece suda çözünür küçük üremik toksinleri filtreleyebilir ve genellikle üremik toksinleri ayırmada düşük performans (<40 mg/g) göstermektedirler. Membranlara alternatif olarak, üremik toksinleri kandan uzaklaştırmak için adsorpsiyona dayalı ayırma yöntemleri de kullanılabilir. Bu tezde, atomik düzeyde detaylı simülasyonlar gerçekleştirilerek 315 biyolojik-uyumlu metal organik yapının (biyo-MOFların) adsorpsiyona dayalı üremik toksin ayırma performansları belirlenmiştir. Öncelikle hidrofobik biyo-MOFlar tayin edilmiş ve daha sonra 310 K ve 1 bar'da Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simülasyonları kullanılarak bu hidrofobik biyo-MOFlar içerisinde tutunan üre, kreatinin ve su miktarları hesaplanmıştır. Sonuçlar birkaç biyo-MOF'un kreatinin ve üre alımı açısından zeolitler, aktif karbonlar ve polimerler gibi geleneksel adsorbanlardan daha iyi performans sağladığını göstermiştir. Üre/su, kreatinin/su ve kreatinin/üre ayrımları için adsorpsiyon seçicilikleri hem sonsuz seyreltmede hem de 1 bar, 310 K'de hesaplanmıştır. Çoğu biyo-MOF için üre/su ayrımı için 1 bar'da hesaplanan adsorpsiyon seçiciliği, sonsuz seyreltmede hesaplanan seçicilik değerlerinden çok daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Fakat biyo-MOFların gözenekleri içindeki kreatinin ve üre moleküllerinin etkileşim gücündeki farklılık nedeniyle 1 bar'da kreatinin/su ayrımı için hesaplanan adsorpsiyon seçiciliği sonsuz seyreltmede hesaplanan seçicilik değerlerinden çok daha düşük bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, hesaplama gücü gerektiren GCMC simülasyonları üremik toksinlerin ikili ve üçlü karışımları için gerçekleştirilmiştir ve sonuçlar biyo-MOFların kreatinin alımlarının su ortamında önemli ölçüde değişmediğini göstermiştir çünkü kreatinin, biyo-MOFların gözenekleri içinde güçlü bir şekilde tutulmuştur. Bununla birlikte, biyo-MOFlarda adsorplanan su miktarı, üremik toksinlerin ve su moleküllerinin arasında meydana gelen hidrojen bağları nedeniyle karışım durumunda biraz artmıştır. Genel olarak, adenin bazlı biyo-MOFların (biyo-MOF-11 (YUVSUE) ve biyo-MOF-12 (BEYSEF) gibi) ve disyanamit bazlı bir MOF olan KEXDIB'in hem üre/su hem de kreatinin/su ayrımları için umut verici adaylar olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonuçlarımız, üremik toksin ayrımı için yüksek performanslı biyo-MOF adsorbanların geliştirilmesi için oldukça faydalı olacaktır
Aspirations among young refugees in Turkey: social class, integration and onward migration in forced migration contexts
No full textThe prevailing sentiment is that refugees desire to go to developed countries rather than stay in their first host country. Based on a critical reading of the literature on onward migration, this article analyzes the formation of aspirations for (im)mobility among young Syrian refugees in Turkey, considering their initial access to resources and integration. Our quantitative analysis suggests that obtaining legal status, satisfaction with life, perceived cultural similarities between the Turkish and Syrian communities, and hence perceived inclusion are the foremost drivers of aspirations to stay in Turkey. The analysis also shows that rather than migrants’ social class, migration-specific capital, such as a passport and networks abroad, drives onward migration aspirations. The qualitative analysis further unpacks the relationship between economic, cultural, and social capital as well as the subjective experience of integration and aspirations to move on or stay. Analyzing different trajectories, we highlight the importance of ‘start-up capital’ at the onset of displacement in shaping opportunities for settlement and future aspirations. Our discussion underscores that resources and opportunities explain onward mobility aspirations in protracted displacement contexts in relation to daily experiences of inclusion and to considerations regarding social class and social mobility in the future.Volkswagen Stiftung Wellcome Trust ; Economic and Social Research Council ; TÜBİTA
Kültürün, ebeveyne ve akrana bağlanmanın ve ebeveyn akran yönetimi uygulamalarının Türk üniversite öğrencilerinin arkadaşlık niteliğindeki rolünün incelenmesi
No full textHigh quality friendships have been associated with psychosocial well-being of adolescents; therefore, it is important to find the potential contributing factors in the process of becoming mentally healthy individuals. There is an increasing number of studies examining the amount of time and activities shared among peers through early and middle adolescence. However, there are limited numbers of studies focusing on friendship quality in late adolescence. The purpose of the current study was to examine the role of culture, attachment to parents and peers, and parental peer management practices on the positive and negative friendship quality. Also, age, sex, and family SES in friendship qualities were added as control variables in this study. Positive friendship quality involved companionship, security, help, and closeness shared in dyadic interactions. Negative friendship quality included the amounts of conflicts experienced in mutual associations. The total of 719 university students (402 females, 317 males) with the mean age of 19.71 (SD = 1.23) ranging from 16.97 to 22.90 years from Bolu and Ankara participated in the present study. The data collection tools were as follows: Friendship Qualities Scale (Bukowski, Hoza, & Boivin, 1994), Individualistic-Collectivistic Views of Family Scale (Hui, 1988), Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (Armsden & Greenberg, 1987), and Parental Management of Peers Inventory (Mounts, 2002). Two separate hierarchical regression analyses were conducted for positive and negative friendship quality. Results showed that there was a sex difference in terms of positive and negative friendship quality. Accordingly, female students scored higher in the positive friendship quality while male scored higher in negative friendship quality. Parental support for peer relations, attachment to peers, and collectivistic values were positive predictors of positive friendship quality. Prohibiting from parents positively and peer attachment negatively predicted negative friendship quality. In addition to these findings, regression analysis demonstrated the mediator role of peer attachment on the association between parent attachment and friendship qualities. We conducted a mediation analysis by controlling for age, sex, and family SES, even though it was not our research question. Results supported the mediator role of peer attachment on the relationship between parent attachment and positive and negative friendship quality. Our findings suggested the significant role of culture, parents, and peers on the socialization process of adolescents. Therefore, future studies examining friendship qualities should focus on how to foster positive parent and peer associations considering the importance of culture.Çalışmalar yüksek nitelikli arkadaşlıkların ergenlik döneminde psikososyal iyi oluşla ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir, bu nedenle arkadaşlık niteliğine etkisi olan faktörlerin incelenmesi, ruhsal olarak sağlıklı bireylerin yetişmesi konusuna katkıda bulunacaktır. Erken ve orta ergenlik döneminde arkadaşlar ile paylaşılan zamanı ve aktiviteleri inceleyen çalışmalar artmaktadır. Ancak, alanyazın incelendiğinde, sınırlı sayıda çalışmanın geç ergenlik dönemine odaklandığı görülmüştür. Bu çalışmanın amacı kültürün, ebeveyne ve akrana bağlanmanın ve ebeveyn akran yönetimi pratikleri gibi faktörlerin olumlu ve olumsuz arkadaşlık niteliğine etkisini incelemektir. Ayrıca, çalışmamızda yaş, cinsiyet ve ailenin sosyoekonomik düzeyi de kontrol değişkeni olarak eklenmiştir. Olumlu arkadaşlık niteliğini ikili ilişkilerde deneyimlenen yoldaşlık, yardım, yakınlık ve güven oluşturmaktadır. Olumsuz arkadaşlık niteliği ise ilişkilerdeki çatışmaları içermektedir. Çalışmaya Ankara ve Bolu illerinde okuyan yaş ortalaması 19.71 (SS = 1.23) ve yaş aralığı 16.97- 22.90 olan 719 (402 kadın, 317 erkek) üniversite öğrencisi katılmıştır. Çalışmanın veri toplama araçları şu şekildedir: Arkadaşlık Niteliği Ölçeği (Bukowski, Hoza, & Boivin, 1994), Ailenin Bireyci Toplulukçu Bakış Açısı Ölçeği (Hui, 1988), Ebeveyne ve Akrana Bağlanma Envanteri (Armsden & Greenberg, 1987) ve Ebeveyn Akran Yönetimi Ölçeği (Mounts, 2002). Olumlu ve olumsuz arkadaşlık niteliği için 2 ayrı hiyerarşik regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar, olumlu ve olumsuz arkadaş niteliğinde cinsiyet farklılığını ortaya koymuştur. Buna göre, kadın öğrenciler olumlu arkadaşlık niteliğinde daha yüksek puanlar alırken, erkek öğrenciler olumsuz arkadaşlık niteliğinde daha yüksek puanlar almıştır. Ebeveynin akran ilişkilerini desteklemesi, akrana bağlanma ve ergenin toplulukçu değerlere sahip olması olumlu arkadaşlık niteliğini pozitif yordamıştır. Ebeveynin akran ilişkilerini yasaklaması olumsuz arkadaşlık niteliğini pozitif, arkadaşa bağlanma ise olumsuz arkadaşlık niteliğini negatif yordamıştır. Bu bulgulara ilave olarak regresyon analizi akrana bağlanmanın ebeveyne bağlanma ve arkadaşlık niteliği arasındaki ilişkide aracı rolünün olabileceğini ortaya koymuştur. Bunun üzerine, araştırma sorumuz olmamasına rağmen, yaş, cinsiyet ve sosyoekonomik durum kontrol edilerek aracı değişken analizi yapılmıştır. Bulgular akrana bağlanmanın aynı zamanda ebeveyne bağlanma ile olumlu ve olumsuz arkadaşlık niteliği arasındaki ilişkide aracı rol oynadığını ortaya koymuştur. Bulgularımız ergenlerin sosyalleşme sürecinde kültürün, ebeveynlerin ve arkadaşların önemli bir rol oynadığını göstermiştir. Bu nedenle, gelecekte arkadaşlık niteliğini inceleyen çalışmalar, kültürün etkisi göz önüne alınarak olumlu ebeveyn ve akran ilişkilerinin nasıl geliştirileceğine odaklanmalıdır
Measurement of W ± γ differential cross sections in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV and effective field theory constraints
No full textDifferential cross section measurements of W±γ production in proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeV are presented. The data set used in this study was collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2016-2018 with an integrated luminosity of 138 fb-1. Candidate events containing an electron or muon, a photon, and missing transverse momentum are selected. The measurements are compared with standard model predictions computed at next-to-leading and next-to-next-to-leading orders in perturbative quantum chromodynamics. Constraints on the presence of TeV-scale new physics affecting the WWγ vertex are determined within an effective field theory framework, focusing on the O3W operator. A simultaneous measurement of the photon transverse momentum and the azimuthal angle of the charged lepton in a special reference frame is performed. This two-dimensional approach provides up to a factor of ten more sensitivity to the interference between the standard model and the O3W contribution than using the transverse momentum alone.BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES and BNSF (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); MINCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC PUT and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRI (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS, RFBR, and NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI, and FEDER (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the MarieCurie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, Contracts No. 675440, No. 724704, No. 752730, No. 758316, No. 765710, No. 824093, and No. 884104, and COST Action CA16108 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation `a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWTBelgium); the F. R. S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science-EOS"-be.h Project No. 30820817; the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, No. Z191100007219010; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), under Germany's Excellence Strategy-EXC 2121 "Quantum Universe"-390833306, and under Project No. 400140256-GRK2497; the Lendulet ("Momentum") Program and the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program UNKP, the NKFIA research Grants No. 123842, No. 123959, No. 124845, No. 124850, No. 125105, No. 128713, No. 128786, and No. 129058 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the Latvian Council of Science; the Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the National Science Center, contracts Opus 2014/15/B/ST2/03998 and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861 (Poland); the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, grant CEECIND/01334/2018 (Portugal); the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Projects No. 14.W03.31.0026 and No. FSWW-2020-0008, and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Project No.
19-42-703014 (Russia); the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y T ' ecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, Grant No. MDM-20150509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Stavros Niarchos Foundation (Greece); the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Kavli Foundation; the Nvidia Corporation; the SuperMicro Corporation; the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA).Publisher versio
Erratum to: Search for heavy Higgs bosons decaying to a top quark pair in proton-proton collisions at s√ = 13 TeV
No full textIn figure 7 of the original publication, the label of the y axis should have been (Formula presented.)”. The corrected version is shown in figure 1. Accordingly, the text pointing to the figure should read “figure 7 shows scans of (Formula presented.) for this hypothesis, as a function of the coupling modifier gAtt-”. © The Author(s).Publisher versio
Precision measurement of the W boson decay branching fractions in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV
No full textThe leptonic and inclusive hadronic decay branching fractions of the W boson are measured using proton-proton collision data collected at s=13 TeV by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb-1. Events characterized by the production of one or two W bosons are selected and categorized based on the multiplicity and flavor of reconstructed leptons, the number of jets, and the number of jets identified as originating from the hadronization of b quarks. A binned maximum likelihood estimate of the W boson branching fractions is performed simultaneously in each event category. The measured branching fractions of the W boson decaying into electron, muon, and tau lepton final states are (10.83±0.10)%, (10.94±0.08)%, and (10.77±0.21)%, respectively, consistent with lepton flavor universality for the weak interaction. The average leptonic and inclusive hadronic decay branching fractions are estimated to be (10.89±0.08)% and (67.32±0.23)%, respectively. Based on the hadronic branching fraction, three standard model quantities are subsequently derived: the sum of squared elements in the first two rows of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix ∑ij|Vij|2=1.984±0.021, the CKM element |Vcs|=0.967±0.011, and the strong coupling constant at the W boson mass scale, αS(mW2)=0.095±0.033.BMBWF and FWF (Austria) ; FNRS and FWO (Belgium) ; CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil) ; MES and BNSF (Bulgaria) ; CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China) ; MINCIENCIAS (Colombia) ; MSES and CSF (Croatia) ; RIF (Cyprus) ; SENESCYT (Ecuador) ; MoER, ERC PUT and ERDF (Estonia) ; Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland) ; CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France) ; BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany) ; GSRI (Greece) ; NKFIA (Hungary) ; DAE and DST (India) ; IPM (Iran) ; SFI (Ireland) ; INFN (Italy) ; MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea) ; MES (Latvia) ; LAS (Lithuania) ; MOE and UM (Malaysia) ; BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico) ; MOS (Montenegro) ; MBIE (New Zealand) ; PAEC (Pakistan) ; MSHE and NSC (Poland) ; FCT (Portugal) ; JINR (Dubna) ; MON, RosAtom, RAS, RFBR, and NRC KI (Russia) ; MESTD (Serbia) ; MCIN/AEI and PCTI (Spain) ; MOSTR (Sri Lanka) ; Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland) ; MST (Taipei) ; ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand) ; TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey) ; NASU (Ukraine) ; STFC (United Kingdom) ; DOE and NSF (USA) . Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, Contract Nos. 675440, 724704, 752730, 758316, 765710, 824093, 884104, and COST Action CA16108 (European Union) ; the Leventis Foundation; the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a` la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium) ; the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium) ; the F. R. S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the 'Excellence of Science-EOS'-be.h Project No. 30820817; the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, No. Z191100007219010; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) , under Germany's Excellence Strategy-EXC 2121 'Quantum Universe'-390833306, and under Project No. 400140256-GRK2497; the Lendulet ('Momentum') Program and the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program UNKP, the NKFIA research Grants No. 123842, No. 123959, No. 124845, No. 124850, No. 125105, No. 128713, No. 128786, and No. 129058 (Hungary) ; the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the Latvian Council of Science; the Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the National Science Center, Contracts No. Opus 2014/15/B/ST2/03998 and No. 2015/19/B/ST2/02861 (Poland) ; the Fundaco para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Grant No. CEECIND/01334/2018 (Portugal) ; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Projects No. 0723-2020-0041 and No. FSWW-2020-0008, and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Projects No. 19-42-703014 (Russia) ; No. MCIN/AEI/10.
r 13039/501100011033, ERDF "a way of making Europe", and the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, Grant No. MDM-2017-0765 and Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias (Spain) ; the Stavros Niarchos Foundation (Greece) ; the RachadapisekSompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand) ; the Kavli Foundation; the Nvidia Corporation; the SuperMicro Corporation; the Welch Foundation, Contract No. C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA) .Publisher versio
Forming robot trust in heterogeneous agents during a multimodal interactive game
No full textThis study presents a robot trust model based on cognitive load that uses multimodal cues in a learning setting to assess the trustworthiness of heterogeneous interaction partners. As a test-bed, we designed an interactive task where a small humanoid robot, Nao, is asked to perform a sequential audio-visual pattern recall task while minimizing its cognitive load by receiving help from its interaction partner, either a robot, Pepper, or a human. The partner displayed one of three guiding strategies, reliable, unreliable, or random. The robot is equipped with two cognitive modules: a multimodal auto-associative memory and an internal reward module. The former represents the multimodal cognitive processing of the robot and allows a 'cognitive load' or 'cost' to be assigned to the processing that takes place, while the latter converts the cognitive processing cost to an internal reward signal that drives the cost-based behavior learning. Here, the robot asks for help from its interaction partner when its action leads to a high cognitive load. Then the robot receives an action suggestion from the partner and follows it. After performing interactive experiments with each partner, the robot uses the cognitive load yielded during the interaction to assess the trustworthiness of the partners -i.e., it associates high trustworthiness with low cognitive load. We then give a free choice to the robot to select the trustworthy interaction partner to perform the next task. Our results show that, overall, the robot selects partners with reliable guiding strategies. Moreover, the robot's ability to identify a trustworthy partner was unaffected by whether the partner was a human or a robot.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft ; Osaka Universit
The Taliban: From past to present and the question of whether it can be recognized as government under international law
No full textMilletlerarası hukukta devletin tanınması ile hükümetin tanınması birbirinden farklı konulardır. Bir devletin anayasasına uygun olarak kurulan hükümetin diğer devletler tarafından tanınmasına gerek yoktur. Ancak olağandışı yollarla yani anayasaya ve hukuka aykırı olarak iktidara gelen hükümetin diğer devletler tarafından tanınması gerekmektedir. Afganistan devlet olarak varlığını korumakla beraber Afganistan anayasasına aykırı şekilde yönetimi ele geçiren oluşumların diğer devletlerce hükümet olarak tanınıp tanınmayacağı sorunuyla karşı karşıyadır. 1996-2001 yılları arasında yasadışı yollarla yönetimi ele geçiren Taliban’ı sadece Pakistan, Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri ve Suudi Arabistan hükümet olarak tanımıştı. ABD’nin, ikiz kuleler saldırısından sorumlu tuttuğu Usame bin Ladin ve El-Kaide üyelerine karşı başlattığı operasyonu bahane ederek Afganistan’a girmesi üzerine, Taliban yönetimi terk etmiş ve dağlara kaçmak zorunda kalmıştı. ABD ve müttefiklerinin Afganistan’daki varlığı yirmi yıl devam etmesine rağmen Taliban yeniden güçlenmiştir. 29 Şubat 2020 tarihinde Doha’da Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ile Taliban Olarak Bilinen Afganistan İslam Emirliği Arasında Afganistan’a Barış Getiren Anlaşma imzalanmıştır. ABD ile Taliban arasında yapılan iki taraflı antlaşmanın ardından 17 Kasım 2020 tarihinde ABD, Afganistan’dan çekileceğini açıklamıştır. 14 Nisan 2021 tarihinde ABD Başkanı Biden, Afganistan’dan tamamen çekilme kararı almıştır. Taliban’ın çatışmasız şekilde Kabil’i ele geçirmesiyle beraber, 15 Ağustos 2021 tarihinde Afganistan İslam Cumhuriyeti Hükümeti düşmüştür. Afganistan İslam Cumhuriyeti Hükümeti’nin düşmesiyle beraber fiili yönetim Taliban’ın eline geçmiştir. Çalışmamızda öncelikle dünden bugüne Taliban hakkında bilgi verilecektir. Ardından milletlerarası hukuk açısından tanıma türleri ve devletlerin tanınması ile hükümetlerin tanınması arasındaki farklar üzerinde durulacaktır. Daha sonra Taliban’ın hükümet olarak tanınıp tanınmayacağı meselesi irdelenecektir.Publisher versio
Temporary topic models in social sciences: A study on STM
No full textTopic models are rapidly becoming popular in social sciences. However, researchers should pay attention to some critical steps while using these models. The format and content of the textual data, language, existence of covariates, and preprocessing steps are the most crucial elements of a topic model analysis. This study inspects the effect of various datasets and preprocessing steps on Structural Topic Models (STM). Results shows that preprocessing, which depends on the research question, profoundly affects the model performance. Besides, the existence of multilingual data weakens the topic quality. Also, the algorithm performance is different among long and short texts. Last, the potential usage of covariates in the model enhances its functionality in social science