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    Risky maritime encounter prediction via ensemble machine learning

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    As the demand for maritime transport is enhancing, ship-ship encounters are increasing. Narrow and congested waterways are primarily risky areas for potential consequences. The purpose of this study is to predict non-accidental risky encounters between two ships without distance between ships as a model variable on narrow and congested waterways via machine learning. A novel framework is developed to model risky encounters as predictable events. Site specific ship domain approach is used as the risk labeling criteria. To overcome imbalance in the nature of non-accidental critical events, ensemble machine learning algorithms are adopted. Historical navigational statistics of different sectors of the waterway are integrated to prediction model. The approach is tested on a historical AIS dataset from the Strait of Istanbul. To evaluate the methodology, accuracy, precision, recall and roc-auc metrics are used. K-fold cross validation and permutation based feature importance tests are performed. Each 4 out of 5 risky encounters are successfully predicted. Developed methodology can be used by vessels as an early potential collision avoidance alert system

    Influence of office building design on occupant satisfaction

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    The objective of this study is to examine the influence of building design on office occupants by analysing empirical data on their satisfaction levels and prevalent complaints. A methodology involving literature review, expert interviews, and a field survey with 308 office employees was adopted to acquire the empirical data. The findings reveal that office occupants think Amount of Space as the most important parameter, followed by Layout, and Furniture. On the other hand, occupants are least satisfied by Amount of Space, followed by Interior Design and Layout. Insufficient social areas, insufficient work space, and layout of the work environment, distraction caused by human circulation due to office layout, and ergonomics of the furniture are the most common complaints. The results show that average importance level in each building design parameter is higher than or equal to the average satisfaction level. The largest gap between the perceived importance and satisfaction appears in Amount of Space and Layout. The results are expected to provide insight to designers, facility managers, and renovators of office buildings on how office occupants perceive office building design and frequent complaints encountered in the offices

    Özel gereksinimli kardeşi olan tipik gelişim gösteren bireylerin ebeveynleşme deneyimleri

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    Systemic perspective seeks to understand the reason of parentification, why it appears in the moment and what function it contains for the family. The purpose of the study is to explore the caregiving experiences of young adult siblings with typical development of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Intellectual Disabilities (ID). These experiences are interpreted using the systemic theory, ecological systems theory and the term parentification. The results indicate that young adult siblings with typical development experience parentification towards their siblings with special needs as well as to their parents. According to the emerged themes, the siblings with typical development perceive both positive aspects of parentification such as a strong sibling relationship, a special communication, developing empathy skills whereas challenging aspects of parentification such as sacrificing their own needs. Siblings of typical development who have families that lack a sufficient support from each parent show parentification towards their parents as well. Additionally, having a sibling with special needs have effects on future expectations such as roles in couple relationships, spousal choice, having a child. In conclusion, siblings with typical development experience parentification by caregiving their sibling with special needs and their parents. The experience of parentification has influences on a wide area of their life. Further research should be conducted with a larger number of people and higher number of siblings to understand the gender effect on the caregiving practices.Bu çalışma tipik Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu (OSB) ile Zihinsel Engelli (ZE) tanılı kardeşin olan ve tipik gelişim gösteren genç yetişkin kardeşlerin bakımverme deneyimlerini araştırmaktadır. Bu deneyimler Sistemler Teorisi, Ekolojik Sistemler Teorisi ve ebeveynleşme kavramı çevresinde araştırılmıştır. Bulgulara göre tipik gelişim gösteren genç yetişkin kardeşler hem gelişimsel bozukluğu olan kardeşlerine hem de ebeveynlerine yönelik ebeveynleşme tutumları sergilemektedir. Oluşan temalara göre, tipik gelişim gösteren kardeşler ebeveynleşmenin hem olumlu hem de olumsuz yanlarını deneyimlemekteler. Olumlu yanları güçlü kardeşlik ilişkisi, özel bir iletişim ve empati becerilerinin gelişmesi gibi bulunurken, olumsuz yanları ise kendi ihtiyaçlarından ödün vermek olarak bulunmuştur. Tipik gelişim gösteren kardeşlerden ailesindeki her iki ebeveynin eşit derecede sorumluluk almadığı bireylerde ebeveyne yönelik ebeveynleşme tutumları da olduğu bulunmuştur. Buna ek olarak, özel ihtiyaçlı kardeşe sahip olmanın tipik gelişim gösteren kardeşlerin eş seçimi, romantik ilişkilerde üstlendikleri roller ve çocuk sahibi olma isteği gibi birçok gelecek kararına da etki ettiği bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, ebeveynleşme deneyimi tipik gelişim gösteren kardeşlerin hayatının geniş bir bölümüne etki etmektedir. Bundan sonra yapılacak araştırmalarda daha geniş bir örneklem kullanılması ve daha fazla erkek tipik gelişim gösteren kardeş ile cinsiyet etkisine de bakılması önerilmektedir

    Sanayi uygulamaları için tork kontrollü üst uzuv dış iskelet gelişimi

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    Chronic upper body pain and injuries are undesirable physical disorders that result from regular exposure to external forces that strain the musculoskeletal system. These symptoms reduce both the quality of life and employability of the person. Although these disorders are mostly seen in people working in heavy industry and factory workers, they can also be seen in anyone who works physically. The use of upper limb exoskeletons has been seen as a practical solution to prevent the aforementioned ailments. These systems have two basic approaches to prevent chronic upper body pain, depending on the nature of the physical work done. The first of these is to prevent the factory worker from being forced ergonomically while working; the second is to reduce external forces on the musculoskeletal system by providing strength support to the factory worker who lifts heavy loads. In this context, companies operating in many industrial areas, have provided different types of upper limb exoskeletons for their employees to use. Although these developed exoskeletons achieve their intended purpose, they have not been highly accepted by their users. While there are many different and individual reasons for this unacceptance, the most cited reasons are potential users' safety concerns and other types of difficulties in the expense of the system's promised conveniences, such as reduced mobility and increased time to get the work done. The main purpose of this thesis is to develop an upper limb exoskeleton with a robust actuator structure and innovative human-robot interface, which is intended to have high user acceptance, while supporting factory workers against the external forces they are exposed to in their work environment. During the thesis, a 4 degrees of freedom left arm exoskeleton was developed; an innovative sensor structure with a high weight/data input ratio has been developed for the aforementioned exoskeleton, which can read and process the limb force response from 16 different points in real time and thus perform intention estimation. The aforementioned exoskeleton is equipped with the developed sensor structure and driven by enhanced Series Elastic Actuators (SEA) for high-fidelity torque control.Kronik üst vücut ağrı ve sakatlıkları, kişinin düzenli olarak kas-iskelet sistemini zorlayan dış kuvvetlere maruz kalması sonucu ortaya çıkan istenmeyen fiziksel rahatsızlıklardır. Bu semptomlar hem kişinin yaşam kalitesini hem de istihdam edilebilirliğini düşürmektedir. Bu rahatsızlıklar en çok ağır sanayide çalışan kişilerde ve fabrika işçilerinde (endüstri çalışanları) görülmekle birlikte, fiziksel olarak iş yapan herkeste görülebilmektedir. Bahsi geçen rahatsızlıkların önüne geçilmesi için üst vücut dış iskeletlerinin kullanımı pratik bir çözüm olarak görülmüştür. Bu sistemlerin kronik üst vücut ağrılarını engellemeye yönelik, yapılan fiziksel işin doğasına göre, iki temel yaklaşımı mevcuttur. Bunlardan ilki endüstri çalışanının iş yaparken ergonomik olarak zorlanmasını önleme; ikincisi ise ağır yük kaldıran endüstri çalışanına kuvvet desteği sağlayarak kas iskelet sistemine olan dış kuvvetleri azaltma şeklindedir. Bu bağlamda birçok endüstriyel alanda faaliyet gösteren şirket, çalışanlarının kullanması adına farklı tiplerde üst vücut dış iskeletleri temin etmişlerdir. Geliştirilen bu dış iskeletler hedefledikleri amacı gerçekleştirmek ile birlikte kullanıcıları tarafından yüksek oranda kabul görmemişlerdir. Bunun için pek çok farklı ve kişiye özel sebep olmakla beraber, en çok belirtilen sebepler potansiyel kullanıcıların güvenlik endişeleri ve sistemin vaat ettiği kolaylıkları sağlarken düşen hareket kabiliyeti ve işin yapılma süresini uzatması gibi başka tip zorluklar ortaya çıkarması şeklindedir. Bu tezin temel amacı endüstri çalışanlarının iş ortamlarında maruz kaldıkları dış kuvvetlere karşı destek olmakla birlikte, gürbüz eyleyici yapısı ve yenilikçi insan-makine ara yüzü barındıran, kullanıcı kabulü yüksek olması amaçlanan bir üst uzuv dış iskeleti geliştirmektir. Tez süresince 4 serbestlikli bir sol kol dış iskeleti geliştirilmiş; ilgili dış iskelet için 16 farklı noktadan uzuv kuvvet tepkisini gerçek zamanlı olarak okuyabilen ve işleyebilen ve bu sayede niyet kestirimi gerçekleştirebilen yenilikçi ve ağırlık/veri giriş oranı yüksek bir sensör yapısı ile donatılmış; ve de yüksek bağlılıklı tork kontrolü için geliştirilmiş Seri Elastik Eyleyiciler (SEE) ile tahriklenmiş. Geliştirilen SEE modüllerinin ilk versiyonları bu tez çalışmasının öncesinde gerçeklenmiş olup, bu tez kapsamında geliştirilen modüller önceki versiyonlardan tork/ağırlık oranının arttırılması, tahriklenme halindeyken ortaya çıkan mekanik aksaklıklar giderilmesi ve dönel kodlayıcılardan veri alımının mekanik olarak istikrarlı hale getirilmesi gibi iyileştirmeler gerçeklenmiştir

    Dronlar ile afet sonrası hasar tespiti bilgisi toplamak için entegre bir rotalama problemi

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    In this study, we focus on post-disaster damage assessment operations supported by a set of drones when the disaster-affected area is divided into grids, and grids are clustered based on their attributes. We propose a two-phase methodology to assess the damage status of the built environment in grids. Specifically, given a set of drones and a limited time for an assessment interval, the first phase addresses the problem of determining the grids to scan by each drone and the sequence of visits to the selected grids. We aim to maximize the total priority score collected from the scanned grids while satisfying the predefined targeted coverage ratio. In the second phase, we aim to predict the damage status of unscanned grids by using the cluster-based information obtained from the scanned grids at the end of the assessment interval. Nevertheless, the damage status of all grids may not be assessed (by scanning or prediction) after one interval; therefore, these two phases iterate until all grids are evaluated. For the problem solved in the first phase, we adapt two formulations from the literature developed for electric vehicle routing problems. We also develop a Variable Neighborhood Descent based heuristic which can find high-quality solutions rapidly. We evaluate the performance of the alternative formulations and the heuristic in a variety of instances. For the second phase, we devise a novel imputation method and different imputation policies to predict the damage status of the unscanned grids. We also define several performance metrics to measure the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed imputation policies. Our analyses demonstrate that using the proposed imputation policies improve the system performance as they induce a rapid detection of the damaged areas.Bu çalışma, bir dizi insansız hava aracı (dron) tarafından desteklenen afet sonrası hasar değerlendirme operasyonlarına odaklanmaktadır. Afetten etkilenen bölge gridlere ayrılarak ele alınmış ve bu gridler özelliklerine göre kümelenmiştir. Gridlerde bulunan yapıların hasar durumlarını belirlemek için iki aşamalı bir metodoloji önerilmektedir. İlk aşama temel olarak bir dizi dron ile sınırlı bir değerlendirme süresi içinde taranacak gridleri seçme ve seçilen gridlerin taranma sıralarını belirleme sorununu ele alır. Bu aşamadaki amaç, her bir küme için önceden belirlenmiş olan kapsama oranını karşılarken, taranan gridlerden elde edilen toplam öncelik puanlarını maksimize etmektir. İkinci aşamada ise, bir değerlendirme aralığından sonra taranan gridlerden elde edilen küme bazlı hasar bilgileri kullanılarak, taranmamış gridlerdeki hasar durumlarının tahmin edilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Ancak bütün gridlerdeki hasar durumlarının belirlenmesi (taranarak veya tahmin edilerek) tek bir değerlendirme aralığı sonunda mümkün olmayabilir. Bu nedenle önerilen iki aşama tüm gridlerdeki hasar seviyeleri belirlenene kadar yinelenir. İlk aşamada çözülen sorun için, literatürdeki elektrikli araç yönlendirme problemleri için geliştirilen iki matematiksel model uyarlanmıştır. Ayrıca, daha hızlı bir şekilde yüksek kaliteli çözümler elde edebilen bir sezgisel algoritma önerilmiştir. Matematiksel modellerin ve sezgisel algoritmanın performansları çeşitli örnekler üzerinde test edilmiştir. İkinci aşama için, taranmamış gridlerdeki hasar durumlarını tahmin etmekte kullanılmak üzere çeşitli politikalardan oluşan özgün bir veri atama yöntemi önerilmiştir. Ayrıca, bu politikaları verimlilik ve etkinlik açısından değerlendirmek için çeşitli performans ölçütleri tanımlanmıştır. Yapılan analizler önerilen politikaların kullanılmasının hasarlı alanların daha hızlı tespit edilmesini sağlayarak sistem performansını iyileştirdiğini göstermektedir

    Evaluation of stress and cognition indicators in a puzzle game: Neuropsychological, biochemical and electrophysiological approaches

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    Video games have significant and diverse effects on stress and cognitive systems based on the game style. The effect of this media on the central nervous system is significant because of its repetition. Nowadays, video games have become an important part of human life at different ages, and therefore, assessing their effects (good and bad) on stress factors, cognition, and behavior can be an important help in understanding the nature of these games and managing their impact on humans. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the effect of a puzzle game on the player's stress and cognitive indicators in neuropsychological, biochemical, and electrophysiological approaches. A total of 44 participants were entered into the study and randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. Our interventions were watching (control group) and playing (experimental group) the game. Salivary biomarkers (cortisol and alpha-amylase) were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Electrophysiological assessment of attention and stress was performed using electroencephalography. Neuropsychological assessments for the evaluation of mental health, mental fatigue, sustained attention, and reaction time were conducted using paced auditory serial addition test. All tests were administered before and after the interventions. The findings revealed that the salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase significantly reduced after playing the game. There were significantly higher levels of attention after playing the game. Mental health and sustained attention significantly increased after game playing. It can conclude that puzzle-style computer games can strengthen and empower the perceptual-cognitive system and suppress the stress system of players. Therefore, they can be used purposefully as a positive cognitive therapy approach.Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences and Presidential Soft and Identity Technologies Headquarters ; Baqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesPublisher versio

    Tefekkürden temaşaya: 19. yy Osmanlı kültüründe görme biçiminin dönüşümü

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    In this study, by suggesting two different ways of seeing as contemplative and spectatorial, which are based on the distinction made between the concepts of tefekkür (contemplation) and temaşa (spectacle), the transformation of worldview experienced by the Ottomans in the modernization process taking place in the 19th century is interpreted through the transformation of the way of seeing in the Ottoman culture. In the process of Westernization, the way of seeing based on contemplation – which was prevailing in Ottoman culture– gradually turned into the way of seeing based on spectacle. This transformation process can be examined in four different stages: religious, metaphysical, naturalist and impressionist. In this transformation process, in which each stage develops around a unique characteristic, the view towards reason, nature and the individual has also changed. Accordingly, while the religious stage is shaped around the stylization tendency; the metaphysical stage is dominated by a kind of indecision between two ways of seeing. While the naturalist stage is determined by the picturesque attitude; impressionist gaze dominates the impressionist stage. Since the art forms in which contemplative and spectatorial way of seeing were most visible in the Ottoman Empire were poetry and canvas painting respectively, these four stages and transition between them have been examined on literary and visual planes, through the works of poets and painters from successive generations. In this context, through the transformation between two different ways of seeing, this study aims to suggest a different interpretation concerning the change in the Ottoman worldview as a result of Westernization and modernization processes in the 19th century.Bu çalışmada, tefekkür [contemplation] ve temaşa [spectacle] kavramları arasında yapılan ayrım üzerinden, tefekküre dayalı ve temaşaya dayalı olmak üzere iki farklı görme biçimi önerilerek, on dokuzuncu yüzyılda yaşanan modernleşme sürecinde Osmanlının deneyimlediği zihniyet dönüşümü, görme biçimindeki dönüşüm üzerinden yorumlanır. Batılılaşma sürecinde, Osmanlı kültüründe egemen olan tefekküre dayalı görme biçimi aşamalı olarak temaşaya dayalı görme biçimine dönüşmüştür. Bu dönüşüm süreci, dinsel, metafizik, doğalcı ve izlenimci olmak üzere dört farklı aşamada incelenebilir. Her bir aşamanın kendine özgü bir karakteristik etrafında geliştiği bu dönüşüm sürecinde, usa, doğaya ve bireye yönelik bakış da değişmiştir. Buna göre dinsel aşama biçemleme eğilimi etrafında şekillenirken; metafizik aşamaya iki görme biçimi arasında yaşanan bir tür kararsızlık hâkimdir. Doğalcı aşama pitoresk tavır tarafından belirlenirken; izlenimci aşamaya izlenimci bakış egemendir. Osmanlıda tefekküre dayalı ve temaşaya dayalı görme biçimlerinin en görünür olduğu sanat biçimleri –sırasıyla– şiir ve tuval resmi olduğundan, bu dört aşama ve aşamalar arasındaki geçiş, farklı kuşaklara ait şair ve ressamların yapıtları üzerinden incelenmiştir. Bu çerçevede bu çalışma, iki farklı görme biçimi arasındaki dönüşüm üzerinden, Batılılaşma ve modernleşme süreçlerini takiben Osmanlının on dokuzuncu yüzyılda yaşadığı zihniyet dönüşümüne ilişkin farklı bir yorum getirmeyi amaçlamaktadır

    Preparation of molecularly imprinted metoprolol sensor from poly(aniline-co-p-toluene sulfonic acid)

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    In this study, the metoprolol (MTP), which is a beta-blocker class molecule used in hypertension treatment, was determined by modifying the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with a molecular imprinting technique. Firstly, p-toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA) and aniline (AN) were co-electropolymerized in the presence of MTP as a template molecule on GCE and MTP contained poly(aniline-co-p-toluene sulfonic acid) (p(AN-co-PTSA)) film was obtained. Then, the template metoprolol molecule was desorbed from the conductive p(AN-co-PTSA) film structure on the GCE surface using hydrochloric acid. Obtained molecularly imprinted electrodes were used to determine MTP by the square wave voltammetry (SWV) method. The modified electrodes obtained showed a correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.9995 in the 40-1500 µM MTP concentration range. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of the p(AN-co-PTSA) film modified MTP electrodes were 37.9 µM and 126.3 µM, respectively. A standard deviation of 1.33% was observed for the first three replicates with the same modified electrode. For the time reproduced electrodes, stable reproducibility was achieved between the first electrode result and the tenth electrode result. For the modified MTP electrode, the relative standard deviation (RSD%) value was calculated to be 2.53%. As result, the molecularly imprinted electrodes prepared with p(AN-co-PTSA) film have low response time, high reproducibility, good stability, and high selectivity for the determination of MTP.İnönü Universit

    Conceptions of professionalism in U.S. research universities: Evidence from the gradSERU survey

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    Recent scholars of the professions have argued that a new hybrid form of professionalism is becoming dominant. This new form combines traditional commitments to ethics and community service with new commitments to managerial and entrepreneurial objectives. We analyze the perceptions of 4,300 U.S. graduate students in 21 fields concerning how well their programs have prepared them for leadership and management and for ethics and community service. These assessments allow us to examine the prevalence of this new conception of professionalism and to examine it in relation to two other conceptions: the “neo-classical” emphasis on ethics and community service as opposed to leadership and management, and another that emphasizes a divergence between business and technical professions on one side and social and cultural professions on the other. Hybridization was comparatively rare but occurred more frequently among students preparing for management, law, and medicine, and among men and students from more affluent families. We also find some support for the neo-classical thesis insofar as students tended to score higher on the ethics and community measure than on the leadership and management measure. However, the largest number of students took positions consistent with the divergence thesis.Publisher versio

    Mad patriots militarized masculinities and nation- building in contemporary Turkish novels

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    Nationalist discourse in Turkey is replete with metaphors of militarism, and is built on hierarchies of ethnicity, class, and, of course, gender

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