International Journal of Human Capital Management (IJHCM)
Not a member yet
422 research outputs found
Sort by
The Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Bile Reflux Gastropathy
No full textBile reflux gastropathy is a disease caused by reflux of duodenal fluid to the gaster. This fluid contains pancreatic juices and duodenal secretion. The manifestations that occur depend on the frequency, amount, and duration of reflux. This disorder is quite rarely recognized in daily clinical practice. Endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract is required to establish the diagnosis of this disorder. This paper will give a brief view of the pathogenesis and diagnostic method for this disorder. Keywords: gastropathy, bile reflux, motilit
Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children with Recurrent Abdominal Pain
No full textRecurrent abdominal pain (RAP) is a very common presenting complaint in pediatric population. There is still a debate regarding the role of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection as an etiology of RAP. Typically, the inflammatory process in the gastric mucosa of infected individuals is chronic gastritis. Serologic and histologic examination are widely used for the diagnosis. This study was aimed to determine the role of H. pylori infection in Indonesian children with RAP. The presence of serum IgG antibody to H. pylori and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were performed on the 101 children with RAP. Mucosal biopsies were obtained for histologic analysis. The prevalence of H. pylori infection indicated by serology was 32.7% and by histology was 27.7%. Histologic evidence of gastritis was present in 94.1% children and 45% of them had chronic atrophic and active gastritis. Seventy percent children with H. pylori positive were found abnormal through endoscopy and all of the infected children were revealed abnormal through histological examination. Forty eight percent of seropositive children were found H. pylori positive and 80% of seronegative’s children were found to be H. pylori negative through histologic examination. Conclusion: H. pylori infection can be a cause of RAP in children. Work up for H. pylori infection should be performed when symptoms are suggestive of organic disease. Larger prospective studies are needed to be performed for a longer time of period to clarify this issue. Keywords: H. pylori infection, IgG antibody to H. pylori, upper GI endoscopy, RAP, recurrent abdominal pai
Diagnostic Value of Barium Esophagogram and Bernstein Test in Patients with Esophagitis
No full textFrom the 19th of July to the 19th of October 1999, we conducted a study to evaluate the diagnostic capabilities/benefits of the double contrast barium esophagogram in patients with esophagitis. The sample patients were taken from patients with reflux-type dyspepsia who visited the out patient clinic of the Sub-department of Gastroenterology of the Department of Internal Medicine of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. During the duration of study, 32 patients fulfilled the criteria for inclusion, and did not fulfill the criteria for exclusion. All of the subjects underwent double contrast barium esophagogram, Bernstein test, and endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract, as well as biopsy of the lower third esophageal mucosa. The chief complaints for reflux type dyspepsia were found in the following order: pyrosis/heartburn (56.26%), acid/sour taste in the mouth (12.5%), chest pain (9.38%), swallowing disturbance (6.25%), breathing difficulties (6.25%), belching (6.25%), and palpitation (3.12%). From the 32 patients with reflux type dyspepsia that underwent double contrast barium esophagogram, 10 patients (31.25%) were found positive for esophagitis, and the remaining 22 patients were found to be negative (68.75%). Bernstein test found 11 patients (34.37%) positive and 21 (65.63%) negative, while endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract showed positive esophagitis in 25 patients (78.13%) and negative in 7 patients (21.87%). The degree of accordance between double contrast barium esophagogram and the Bernstein test or even a combination of the two was unsatisfactory in diagnosing esophagitis in reflux type dyspepsia. Based on this, this study concludes that double contrast barium esophagogram and Bernstein are incapable of replacing endoscopic examination in establishing the diagnosis of esophagitis. Keywords: esophagitis, esophagogram, Bernstein tes
Non-Invasive Assessment and Evaluation of Portal Hypertension in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis
No full textUltrasonography examination is an one of examination that can be used to see the abnormality of portal vein system. The technology of ultrasonography examination has further developed especially after using of Doppler ultrasonography which could portray haemodynamic changes from portal vein in liver cirrhosis patient. From this examination we also could predict bleeding. Keywords: liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension, doppler ultrasonograph
Achalasia Carcinoma Sequence
No full textWe report a case of carcinoma of the esophagus in a 58 years old woman with achalasia, who has been diagnosed since 30 years ago, which initiated by surgical treatment (myotomy) and the symptoms recurred since 3 years ago. According to the progress of the disease, malignancy was strongly suspected due to prolonged stasis and mucosal irritation caused by achalasia (achalasia carcinoma sequence). Because of these contributing factors for the development of serious complications such as malignancy, the diagnosis of achalasia must be systematically diagnosed and treated agressively. Surveillance endoscopy in patients with achalasia should be performed every 1-2 years. Key words: achalasia carcinoma sequence, surveillance endoscop
Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
No full textEven though there are still no epidemiological data on the prevalence of Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in Indonesia, data from The Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medicine Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital demonstrate signs of esophagitis in 22.8% of all patients with dyspepsia who underwent endoscopic examination. Western countries report a higher rate of GERD than Asian and African countries, possibly due to dietary factors and increased obesity. Besides adequate history and physical examination, there are many other supporting examinations that could be performed to establish the diagnosis of GERD, especially endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract and 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring. Even though this condition is rarely fatal, GERD patients should still receive adequate management. Most patients demonstrate a satisfactory response towards therapy, which includes life-style modification as well as medication. Currently, the drugs of choice for GERD are proton-pump inhibitors. A combination of proton-pump inhibitors and prokinetics produces a better effect. Patients resistant to medical treatment or those with recurrent esophageal stricture should be considered for anti-reflux surgery. Keywords: gastroesophageal reflux, diagnosis, prokinetics, proton-pump inhibitor
Helicobacter pylori in dyspeptic patients in M. Jamil Hospital-Padang
No full textObjective: Helicobacter pylori infection is probably the most common infection caused by pathogenic bacteria and affects more than half of the world population. These bacteria caused many gastroduodenal pathology such as chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric malignancy. This study investigated Helicobacter pylori infections in dyspeptic patients. Materials & Methods: Forty dyspeptic patients were examined using upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and biopsy for histopathologic examination. Results: The symptom of the dyspeptic patients were epigastric tenderness (100%). Endoscopic abnormalities were found in 39 (97.5%) cases. The gastric abnormalities were chronic antral gastritis in 24 (60%), esophagitis and gastritis in 7 (17.5%), and gastric ulcer in 3 (7.5%). Twenty four out of 40 patients had anti-Helicobacter pylori positive (60%) and histopathologic examination were positive 18 (45%). The histopathologic examination found atrophy in 18 (45%), MN in 18 (45%), PMN in 18 (45%), and metaplastic in 4 (10%). Conclusion : The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in dyspeptic patients were 60% (serology) and 45% (histopathology). Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, dyspeptic, serology, histopatholog
Optimum treatment regimens for Helicobacter pylori infection
No full textThe treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection includes of current standard triple therapies consisting of a proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin and amoxicillin or metronidazole on the basis of simplicity, safety, and efficacy. There are several factors determining the success of H. pylori eradication treatment. They include the components of a treatment regimen, the treatment duration, patient compliance, the presence of resistant or virulent strains of Helicobacter pylori and possibly the patient’s gastric acid secretory status. PPI, clarithromycin 500 mg, amoxicillin 1 g or metronidazol 400 mg, all given bid for 7 days are the most commonly used combination regimens. RBC-based triple therapies, furazolidone or rifabutin containing regimens can be used as an alternative approach to PPI-based triple therapies in areas where bacterial resistant strains of H. pylory are concerned. Keywords: treatment, Helicobacter pylori, PPI, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, metronidazole, PAM, PMC, PAC, RB
Crohn’s disease, diagnosis, and management
No full textCrohn’s disease is a rare chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. The cause could be genetic factors, infection, immunology and psychological factors. The exact diagnosis is determined by colonoscopy and histopathology examination. Keywords: Inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s diseas
Helicobacter pylori infection in children
No full textHelicobacter pylori colonizes the stomach of man, especially during childhood. However, H. pylori strains are not created equal, with major differences in virulence factors such as the vacuolating cytotoxin A and the cytotoxic-associated gene A, probably accounting for different clinical symptoms. The majority of infected subjects remain asymptomatic. Symptoms are aspecific. Helicobacter pylori infection is correlated with socioeconomic conditions and hygienic circumstances, resulting in an extremely high prevalence in children in developing countries. The golden standard technique to diagnose Helicobacter infection is culture of gastric biopsies; specificity and sensitivity of serology are low during childhood. Carbon-13 urea breath tests are a useful in the diagnosis but especially during follow-up. Recommended treatment consists of proton pump inhibitors in combination with two antibiotics out of amoxycillin, clarithromycin and metronidazole. The importance or clinical relevance of Helicobacter infection in asymptomatic individuals remains to be determined.Key words: Helicobacter pylori, gastriti