International Journal of Human Capital Management (IJHCM)
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Prevalence of Hepatitis B Infection Among Male Prisoners in Malang
No full textBackground: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health problem. Prison populations are at high risk for HBV transmission. In Prison, there is very rare to perfom screening for hepatitis B. This study aims to determine the prevalence of HBV infection among male prisoners in Malang, East Java Province of Indonesia.Method: In this cross sectional study, a total of 165 male prisoners were screened using rapid test (DiaSpot® test kit) for detection of HbsAg in serum samples.Results: The risk factors for HBV transmission were had permanent tattoo (11.32%), multiple sex partner (6.67%), injecting drug users (24.32%), history of blood tranfusion (4.76%), and family history of hepatitis (9.37%). There are 101 subjects (61.2%) for negative anti-HBs result. Positive result for HBsAg and anti-HBs were 7.8% and 30.9% respectively.Conclusion: The prevalence of HBV infection among male prisoners was 7.8%. It is suggested to perfom HBV infection screening on high risk population routinely
Correlation Between Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) Score and Metavir Score of Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) Patients in Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang
Full text linkBackground: Hepatitis C still remain a serious problem in Indonesia lead to increasing prevalence , major morbidity and mortality. Liver biopsy is gold standar, invasive procedure for liver fibrosis staging for treatment monitoring and fibrosis regression. Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score has been proposed as a non-invasive, easy, inexpensive as alternative indirect marker for the assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C (CHC).Method: Analytical cross sectional study was conducted among 54 patients with CHC from 2012 -2017 in Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang. Subjects were examined for complete blood count, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), anti hepatitis C virus (anti HCV), hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid (HCV RNA), genotype, and performed liver biopsy. Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman test and statistical significant was assumed when p < 0,05.Results: Fifty four (54) patients were fulfilled the selection criteria from total 67 patients. 29 (53%) males, and 25 (47%) were females. The characteristic were 33 (61%) genotype 1, 12 (22%) genotype 2, 5 (9%) genotype 3, and undetermined 3 (6%); with means of HCV RNA titer 2,57 x 106, AST 79 ± 44 IU/L, ALT 77 ± 48 IU/L platelet 160.000/mm3. Distribution of Metavir F1 10 (19%) , Metavir F2 31(57%), Metavir F3 6(11%), and Metavir F4 7 (13%). Median of FIB-4 score as Metavir F1 1,88;Metavir F2 3,24; Metavir F3 5,36; Metavir F4 4,36. There was positive correlation between FIB-4 score and Metavir score (r = 0.38; p = 0,01).Conclusion: This study indicate that there was significant correlation between FIB-4 score and Metavir score in CHC patients
Helicobacter pylori Antral Density More Valuable than Corporal Density in Chronic Gastritis Patients
Full text linkBackground: Helicobacter pylori has the capacity to colonize in stomach. In countries with a high prevalence of H. pylori, biopsy specimens must be obtained from corpus and antrum to elevate the accuracy. However, in a country with low prevalence of H. pylori such as Indonesia, the sensitivity of antrum specimen only is still questionable. We compared the density of H. pylori in the antrum and corpus of Indonesian gastric biopsy.Method: We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional, and observational study in thirty-two samples of corpus and antrum biopsy tissues from Pathology Anatomy Laboratory. The samples were stained by Modified Giemsa or Diff Quik. Updated Sydney System is utilized to classify the density of H. pylori.Results: Among 32 biopsy specimens from corpus and antrum, it has been statistically proven that H. pylori density in antrum and in corpus has a significant difference (65.5% vs. 15.6%, p < 0.001). The density of H. pylori in antrum is mild predominant (43.8%), while the density in corpus is normal predominant (87.5%). Thus, the antral H. pylori infection was the predominant site. In 53.12% case, H. pylori was found in antrum but was not found in the corpus. In 6.24% case, H. pylori was found in both sites, but the density was higher in antrum. Importantly, no case with H. pylori infection in corpus only was found.Conclusion: H. pylori density in antrum is higher than in corpus. Only a small advantage to use additional biopsy from corpus to detect H. pylori in Indonesia
Gastric Mucosa Plasma Cells is Unspecific for Diagnosing Helicobacter pylori Infection
Full text linkBackground: A high density of Helicobacter pylori is believed to trigger an accumulation of plasma cells in gastric mucosa as one of the inflammatory cells due to its high titer antibodies production circulated in blood system. We aimed to identify the correlation between total plasma cells and H. pylori density in gastric mucosa.Method: Endoscopic gastric biopsy tissues were stained by two different stains, Haematoxylin-Eosin and Modified Giemsa. The examination was performed by experienced pathologist.Results: The average age of chronic gastritis patients in this study was 48.80 years with standard deviation of 14.356. Out of 30 samples, 17 (56.7%) were female chronic gastritis patients. Female patients were dominating in most of categories of H. pylori density including 5 out of 9 patients (55.6%) in normal H. pylori density, 8 out of 14 patients (57.1%) in mild H. pylori density, and 3 out 5 patients (60.0%) in moderate H. pylori density. The average of total plasma cells in this study was 17.30 cells with standard deviation of 5.838. Importantly, there was no statistically significant correlation between total plasma cells and H. pylori density in gastric mucosa (p = 0.536). Although the distribution of total plasma cells was normal, there was no statistically significant difference of total plasma cells between positive and negative H. pylori density (p = 0.944).Conclusion: Plasma cells in gastric mucosa is unspecific for diagnosing H. pylori infection. Other causes associated with plasma cells are needed to be assessed for further study
Barrett’s Esophagus
Full text linkGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition commonly managed in the primary care setting. Patients with GERD may develop reflux esophagitis as the esophagus repeatedly is exposed to acidic gastric contents. Over time, untreated reflux esophagitis may lead to chronic complications such as esophageal stricture or the development of Barrett’s esophagus (BE). BE may progress to oesophageal adenocarcinoma. There is currently a rising incidence of BE. The pathogenesis of BE is not well-understood although genetic and environmental factors play significant roles. BE is characterized by the replacement of distal esophageal stratified squamous epithelium by columnar epithelium. It is rare in children and the risk factors may include mental retardation, cerebral palsy, esophageal atresia, etc. As patients with BE can be entirely asymptomatic, it is difficult to screen this population group. BE is present in 10%–20% of patients with GERD and has also been detected in patients who deny classic GERD symptoms and are undergoing endoscopy for other indications
The Role of Wisteria Floribunda (M2BPGi) Serum Level for Diagnosing Liver Fibrosis in Hepatitis B Patient: An Evidence Based Case Report
Full text linkAim: To assess M2BPGi serum performance compared to liver biopsy in diagnosisng liver fibrosisMethod: Literature search using Pubmed®, Ebsco®, ProQuest®, Scopus®, Clinical Key databases, and the Cochrane Library® yield four relevant and full-text articles. The four articles were critically appraised for its validity, importance, and applicability.Results: Sensitivity and specificity in all four studies showed that M2BPGi serum was inadequate to ruling in and ruling out the diagnosis of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients. The difference in M2BPGi cut-off value to determine the stage of fibrosis in each study makes this value cannot be used as an accurate standard to determine the advanced stage (F≥3) of liver fibrosis. On the other hand, M2BPGi serum combined with other tests are known to improve the diagnostic accuracy.Conclusion: MBP2Gi serum cannot be used as a diagnostic modality for detecting liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients
Association Between Patient Characteristics and Diet Profile with Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) and Neuroblastoma rat sarcoma (NRAS) Gene Mutation in Colorectal Cancer
Full text linkBackground: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer according to American Cancer Society. It is also the third most common cause of death in men and women in US. Colorectal cancer encompasses 5% of all cancer and 29% of gastrointestinal cancer with men and women ratio is about 3:1. More than 1/3 of colorectal cancer occur below the age of 45 years. Mutation in Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) gene was found in 30-50% of colorectal cancer in which it was suggested to associated with increase proliferation and decrease apoptosis. This study aimed to analyze the association between diet profile and KRAS gene mutation.Method: This study was a cross sectional study. Data was collected from medical records of colorectal cancer patient in Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, which included KRAS gene mutation analysis.Results: There were 12 subjetcs included in this study. Four subjects (33.3%) had gene mutation with 3 subjects (75%) had positive KRAS mutation and 1 subjects (25%) had positive Neuroblastoma rat sarcoma (NRAS) mutation. In non-mutation group, it had been found a higher frequency of green leaf vegetables diet, in comparison with mutation group (p = 0.023). There was positive correlation between green leaf vegetables diet with gene mutation.Conclusion: Mutation of KRAS and NRAS mutation in colorectal carcinoma were found in 33.3% of subjects. Data analysis showed positive association between low green leaf vegetables diet with KRAS and NRAS mutation
Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Young Adult
Full text linkInflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that consist of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. A dramatic increase in the prevalence if inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) within developing countries including in Asia makes IBD a substantial global medical burden and modern refractory disease, and it is imperative that Asian healthcare systems especially physician are aware of this and familiar with the clinical manifestation and management. The aim of this case report is to present a case of IBD in young adult in Indonesia. Patient came with complaint of chronic diarrhea and had seen multiple doctor without improvement. Inflammatory bowel disease should always be considered in patient with chronic diarrhea with or without extraintestinal manifestation especially after poor response of usual antidiarrheal medication. Diagnosing of IBD is based on clinical manifestation, physical examination, laboratory result and endoscopy. Until now, ileocolonoscopy and biopsy is the most accurate diagnostic modality for IBD and can be used to differentiate between ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Treatment of IBD are drugs such as mesalazine until surgery based on the severity or complication of disease
Acute Tuberculous Appendicitis with Intestinal Obstruction
Full text linkTuberculosis (TB) can involve any organs. Tuberculous appendicitis is a rare case. Incidence of primary tuberculous appendicitis is 0.1-0.3% while incidence of secondary tuberculous appendicitis is 1.5-3%. Tuberculous appendicitis occurs in 0.08% of all appendectomy and 0.2% of all TB cases. We reported an acute tuberculous appendicitis with intestinal obstruction. Diagnosis was established based on histopathological findings. Treatments included appendectomy and first category of anti tuberculosis drugs (ATD) for 6 months. This case was reported to add our insight about possibility of TB as an etiology of many pathologic conditions in abdominal cavity