Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
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SIMULTANEOUS SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF TELMISARTAN AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE IN PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS BY RATIO SPECTRA DERIVATIVE METHOD
Get PDFBackground: As it is known, antihypertensive drugs are frequently used for the treatment of individuals with high blood pressure all over the world. This study aims is to precisely determine the active substances of telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide, which are commercially sold as high blood pressure drugs in the market, and to use the ratio spectrum method for this purpose.
Method: All, solutions of the active ingredients of the drugs studied in the method were prepared in various concentrations. Subsequently, mixtures were prepared in accordance with the commercial drug sample, their spectra were taken by spectrophotometric method, and the spectrum ratio method was successfully applied to these data sets.
Results: The study revealed that the application of the ratio spectra first-order derivative spectrophotometric method yielded highly reliable outcomes in the spectrophotometric analysis of different combinations of telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide.
Conclusion: The applied method can be used in the field of drug development.
Peer Review History:
Received: 10 February 2023; Revised: 16 March; Accepted: 23 April 2023, Available online: 15 May 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Prof. Cyprian Ogbonna ONYEJI, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, [email protected]
Dr. Wafa Mohamed Al Madhagi, Sana’a University, Yemen, [email protected]
PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS A VIRUS, HEPATITIS B VIRUS, AND HEPATITIS C VIRUS, AMONG PATIENTS WITH HEPATIC JAUNDICE IN SANA’A CITY, YEMEN: A HOSPITAL BASED STUDY
Get PDFBackground: Hepatic jaundice results from abnormal metabolism of bilirubin in the liver. The main hepatic jaundice causes are severe damage to hepatocytes due to autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, drugs/ medication induced, or, less commonly, hereditary genetic diseases.
Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B Virus (HBV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV), in patients with hepatic jaundice as causes of acute viral hepatitis (AVH) in Sana'a city, Yemen.
Subjects and Methods: Data of patients with hepatic jaundice tested for hepatitis B surface antigen, total anti-HCV antibody, and anti-HAV immunoglobulin M (IgM) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were collected from Class I Viral Diagnostic Laboratories in Sana'a for 3 years. Then the statistical analysis of the data was used where the descriptive analysis was calculated: frequency and percentage, as well as the association of infection with sex and age group by means of detection odds ratio, 95% CI and X2 more than 3.9 and P<0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: The study included 644 males (43.8%) and 826 females (56.2%), while most patients were less than 21 years old. The rate of Hepatitis viruses positive was 27.6% positive. Hepatitis A virus infection was the most common virus diagnosed accounting for 259 cases (17.6% of the total), while HBV was less common with 104 (7.1%) and HCV only 42 cases (2.9%). The highest incidence of hepatitis B was in 11-20 years patients (18.2%), with an associated OR 9.3 (p < 0.0001). The highest incidence of hepatitis C was in 31-40 years patients (7.3%), with an associated OR 3.3 (p<0.0001).
Conclusion: Alarmingly changing the epidemiology and dynamics of hepatitis A-C viruses in Yemen, a detailed study is required to understand the definite disease problem caused by these viruses. It is noticeable in this study the high prevalence of hepatitis A virus and hepatitis B virus in the Yemeni population with hepatic jaundice. Also, to our knowledge, this study is the first to report epidemiological transformation of hepatitis A virus in Sana'a, Yemen.
Peer Review History:
Received: 1 October 2021; Revised: 6 November; Accepted: 9 December; Available online: 15 January 2022
Academic Editor: Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Gulam Mohammed Husain,, National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, Hyderabad, India, [email protected]
Dr. Salfarina Ramli, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. [email protected]
THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THYROID HYPERTROPHIC AND ADENOMATOUS TRANSFORMATION
Get PDFBackground: Thyroid benign nodules (TBNs) are the most common diseases of this endocrine gland and are common worldwide. Among TBNs the colloid goiter (CG) and thyroid adenoma (TA) are very frequentdiseases. Evaluation of variant of TBNs is clinically important for subsequent therapeutic interventions, as well as for a clearer understanding the etiology of these disorders. The aim of this exploratory study was to examine differences in the content offifty trace elements (TE) in CG and TA tissues.
Methods: Thyroid tissue levels of TE have prospectively evaluated in 46 patients with CG and 19 patients with TA. Measurements have performed using a combination of non-destructive and destructive methods: instrumental neutron activation analysis with high resolution spectrometry of long-lived radionuclides (INAA-LLR) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS), respectively. Tissue samples were divided into two portions. One was used for morphological study while the other was intended for TE analysis.
Results: It was observed that in both CG and TA tissues the contents of Ag, Al, Cr, Hg, Mn, Th, and Zn increased, whereas the levels of Au, Be, Cs, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sc, Th, Yb, and Zr were unchanged in comparison with normal thyroid tissue. No differences were found between the TE contents of CG and TA.
Conclusions: From results obtained, it was possible to conclude that the common characteristics of CG and TA tissue samples were of a high level of Ag, Al, Cr, Hg, Mn, Th, and Zn in comparison with normal thyroid and, therefore, these TE could be involved in etiology and pathogenesis of thyroid disorders such as CG and TA.
Peer Review History:
Received: 1 October 2021; Revised: 5 November; Accepted: 13 December; Available online: 15 January 2022
Academic Editor: Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Indonesia, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Prof. Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, [email protected]
Rima Benatoui, Laboratory of Applied Neuroendocrinology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Badji Mokhtar University Annaba, BP12 E L Hadjar–Algeria, [email protected]
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Get PDFIn this article, I will discuss the methods of evaluating the medical and pharmaceutical journal and the obstacles that researchers face in countries similar to the situation in Yemen. To begin with, we should know the Medical Journal; a medical journal is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that conveys medical information to physicians and other health professionals. These journals cover many medical specialties and are sometimes called general medical journals. The first medical journals were general medical journals, created in the late eighteenth century. Specialized medical journals were first introduced in the early twentieth century. It is well known that prestige and rank are one of the attributes of a medical journal and the prestige of an academic journal is established over time, and can reflect many factors, some of which can be quantified but not all. In every academic discipline, there are dominant journals that receive the largest number of applications, and therefore can be selective in their content selection. However, it's not just the big magazines of excellent quality. The medical journal is evaluated with an impact factor which is a well-established proxy, which measures the number of subsequent articles citing articles already published in the journal. There are other quantitative measures of prestige, such as the total number of citations, how quickly articles are cited, and the average "half-life" of articles. Clarivate Analytics's Journal Citation Reports, which among other features, calculates the impact factor for academic journals, and derives data for the computation from the Science Citation Index Expanded, and from the Social Science Citation Index (for social science journals). Several other metrics are also used, including SCImago Journal Rank, CiteScore, Eigenfactor, and Altmetrics.
After this introduction, I would like to express my opinion on the use of these factors that can be used in establishing the position of the journal, as well as the opportunity to publish medical studies in these journals coming from poor countries, which have little or no support for researchers, and many studies depend on the effort of the researchers themselves only. First: Is the use of current factors that can be used to establish the position of the journal as judges for recent journals? In some disciplines, such as knowledge management/intellectual capital, many academics view this journal rating system as “a major obstacle to tenure, promotion and recognition of achievement and that the pursuit of impact factor accounts is detrimental to science goals, and they signed the San Francisco Declaration on Research Evaluation to limit use it. Second, many of the high rank journals, according to my experience, do not pay any attention to studies coming from poor countries, and if they accept the research for evaluation, the response will be after many months and may be rejected because it was not written well and the research is not reviewed and assisted even if the research topic is valuable.
After this description where is UJPR? I would like to testify that our beloved UJPR has made a great effort and steps to change the previous situations, as our esteemed journal is based on the following: Speed of response - Speed of evaluation by the two reviewers - Helping authors with valuable research to rearrange and re-write their research in the correct and appropriate way. These efforts made by the staff of the journal will make our journal in the forefront. In addition, we put more efforts into developing our journal to be in its proper position and to be in SCOPUS and ISI indexed journals.
Finally, I conducted a survey among academic medical staffs and medical postgraduate students in our university and the question was “Which journals did you use the most for medical information on Yemen for your research? 80% of them answered UJPR, and I should add that “UJPR has become the most read medical journal in Yemen.
SEROPREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS FOR HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION AMONG SCHOOL STUDENTS IN SANA'A CITY, YEMEN
Get PDFBackground and Objectives: Helicobacter pylori is the most common bacterial infection affecting more than 50% of the population globally, especially in developing countries, while data on its prevalence in Yemen is still limited. Therefore, the current study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence and risk factors of H. pylori among school students in Sana'a city, Yemen.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in primary and secondary schools in Sana'a during the period from October to December 2021 in which two hundred and ninety-three (293) school students aged 11-21 years were enrolled in this study and tested for H. pylori in blood specimens by using a cassette Rapid antibody test. Associated risk factors were collected through a designed questionnaire.
Result: Overall, H. pylori antibody was positive in 82/293(27.99%) students. The higher rate of seroprevalence of H. pylori antibodies was reported among male students (29.25%; P˃0.05), age group of 16-21 years (33.69%; P ˂0.05), and secondary students in schools (31.66%; P ˂0.05). Also, the highest rate of H. pylori infection was positive among students who drank untreated water (32.61%), consuming of unwashed vegetables (28.71%) and fruits (30.51%), not been infected previously (28.45%), one of their family infected (28.98%), sometimes eating out of home (32.47%), and non-use antibiotics (29.12%) and there was non-statistical significant difference (P ˃0.05). In addition, there were no significant relationships between seropositivity of H. pylori and clinical signs and symptoms as well as antibiotic use. Finally, most of the students with blood group (O) had H. pylori antibodies (P ˃0.05).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the increasing rate of H. pylori among school students will become a real serious health problem if it is not monitored. Therefore, an effective educational health program is important for the prevention and control of H. pylori infection among school students.
Peer Review History:
Received: 4 February 2022; Revised: 7 March; Accepted: 13 April; Available online: 15 May 2022
Academic Editor: Dr. Emmanuel O. Olorunsola, Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Uyo, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Prof. Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, [email protected]
Dr. Nkechi Obiofu Ezenobi, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, [email protected]
SEROPREVALENCE OF THE VIRAL MARKERS OF HEPATITIS B, HEPATITIS C, AND HIV AMONG MEDICAL WASTE HANDLERS IN SOME HOSPITALS IN SANA'A CITY- YEMEN
Get PDFBackground and Objective: Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are highly contagious pathogens that threaten medical waste handlers who are highly exposed to these viruses due to the nature of their work. To date, little data is available on the prevalence of viral markers (HBV, HCV, and HIV) among medical waste handlers in Sana'a city, Yemen. Hence, this work was conducted to enhance knowledge of the prevalence of viral markers among medical waste handlers working in some hospitals in the capital, Sana'a.
Methods: A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted on 120 randomly selected medical waste handlers from January to June 2022. A pretested and designed questionnaire was used to collect the required data. Total 5mL of venous blood was collected. Then blood was tested for hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-HCV, as well as HIV antibody, were detected using a qualitative by rapid test cassette and positive results were confirmed by ELIZA technique.
Results: The overall positive rates for HBsAg, anti-HCV, and HIV were 9.17%, 5.0%, and 0.0%, respectively, based on the rapid test. No significant differences were detected between socio-demographic characteristics and hepatitis B and HCV infection. High rates of hepatitis B and C infection were found in the age group ≥41 years (9.17%) and 21-30 years (8.77%), respectively. These two viruses have also been detected among married people with a history of acute infection between 7-9 times. There was a significant correlation between HBsAg positivity and history of blood transfusion as well as between HBsAg and anti-HCV positivity and history of hepatitis B vaccination. ELISA confirmed that the rate of HBsAg was 4.17% and anti-HCV was 2.5%.
Conclusion: Appropriate training, immunization against HBV, and regular motivation of medical waste handlers on the practices of universal standard precautions are recommended to reduce transmission of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and HIV among medical waste handlers.
Peer Review History:
Received: 7 April 2022; Revised: 12 May; Accepted: 14 June; Available online: 15 July 2022
Academic Editor: Dr. Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, AIMST University, Malaysia, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Rusmir Baljic, Clinic for infectious diseases, Clinical center University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. [email protected]
Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, [email protected]
Dr. Jucimary Vieira dos Santos, Hemonorte Dalton Barbosa Cunha, Brazil, [email protected]
Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, [email protected]
NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION, CONSTITUENTS, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF POWDER FRACTIONS OF FICUS DICRANOSTYLA MILDBREAD LEAVES
Get PDFBackground and objective: The research on nutritional and health-benefiting compounds has increased in leafy vegetables such as Ficus dicranostyla.The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of sieved-based fractionation on nutrient content, polyphenolic components, and antioxidant activities of Ficus dicranostyla leaves powder.
Methods: Dried leaves powder was sieved at three size classes (<125 µm, between 250 and 125µm, ≥ 250 µm) and unsieved powder was produced and characterized for proximate composition, minerals, total phenolic, and flavonoids contents, as well as antioxidant activity. Nutrient quantities were expressed in g/100g of crude leaves.
Results: Statistics resultsrevealed a significant difference among fractions composition, as well as antioxidant activity with DPPH and FRAP. Proteins (19.60-26.08), lipids (5.33-10.40), and ash (11.44 16.60) contents were increased in small size fractions, while carbohydrates (40.19-50.88) and fibers (9.08–15.04) contents were lowered. Similarly, minerals namely iron, copper, magnesium, and zinc increased (3.26-9.68, 9.09-24.41, 1.38-2.33, and 3.79-8.55 g/100 g, respectively). In addition, phenolic compounds and flavonoids, as well as antioxidant activity were also higher in smaller powder particles. The powder fraction of < 125 µm (smaller particle) showed the highest phenolic content and antioxidant activity, demonstrating the importance of sizing in the profitability of functional food ingredients.
Conclusion: Data analysis clearly demonstrates that Ficus dicranostyla leaf powder could be recognized as a source of nutritive compounds and antioxidants. Ficus dicranostyla derived functional ingredients could be prepared for the nutritive purpose and oxidative stress-related disease prevention.
Peer Review History:
Received: 5 June 2022; Revised: 11 July; Accepted: 24 August; Available online: 15 September 2022
Academic Editor: Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, [email protected]
Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, [email protected]
Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, [email protected]
A SURVEY ABOUT THE CURRENT SCENARIO OF DIABETES IN CHATTOGRAM AREA BY DETERMINING PRACTICE OF THE SELF-CARE ACTIVITIES AMONGST PEOPLE WITH DIABETES
Get PDFBackground: Diabetes is a non-communicable diseases (NCDs) that create the largest involvement to morbidity in addition to mortality worldwide. To conclude the practice of the self-care activities amongst people with diabetes in addition to a comparative study with current scenario of the diabetes in Chattogram Diabetic General Hospital, Bangladesh.
Methods: This study and data collection was performed into two ways. Firstly, review literatures to evaluate self-care activities of diabetic patients. After that, preparation of the survey on self-care activities of diabetic patients during the past 7 days in Chattogram Diabetic General Hospital, Bangladesh had been carried out.The data was collected from 11th August - 10th November 2021.
Results: This study has revealed among age groups, 41-60 cohorts showed highest diabetes rate (48.8%) in addition to in terms of the gender, prevalence of the diabetes in the females (52%) was more than that in males (48%). Highest patients suffered from Diabetes for 01-05 years (43%). Only 58% of the patients were participated in Diabetes Management Program. In the prior of 7 days, 43% of the patients were followed a healthful eating plan regularly and 9% of the patients were not followed, 43% of the patients were participated in physical exercise regularly and 24% of the patients were not participated, 58% of the patients were tested blood sugar level in 1day and 7% of the patients were not tested, 41% of the patients were checked their feet regularly (most of them are females) and 24% of the patients were not checked, 14% of the patients were smoked cigarettes regularly and 83% of the patients were not smoked, 68% of the patients were taken regular diabetes medications and 9% of the patients were not taken their medications.
Conclusion: The results achieved from this work could give to devising actual strategies for provision of the comprehensive sound health care to the Diabetic patients.
Peer Review History:
Received: 3 December 2021; Revised: 9 January 2022; Accepted: 14 February, Available online: 15 March 2022
Academic Editor: Dr. DANIYAN Oluwatoyin Michael, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, [email protected]
Dr. Anthony C. C. Egbuonu, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Nigeria, [email protected]
PATTERNS OF UVEITIS AT A TERTIARY REFERRAL CENTER IN YEMEN: ONE CENTRAL RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Get PDFBackground: Uveitis is described as a disorder of the eye so as to leads to the iris, ciliary body, choroid, and adjacent parts of the eye inflammation. The disturbances may produce impermanent or continuing visual impairment or sightlessness.
Purpose: The main purpose of the study was to reveal the causes of uveitis in a referral center in Sana'a city, Yemen. Sequentially the study was conducted to assist in the development and design of preventive policies and diagnostic methods for uveitis in Yemen.
Methods: This cross-sectional, retrospective analysis integrated 65 uveitis patients who were referred to the Eye Consulting Center clinic, from January 2021 to the end of December 2021. Data concerning patient gender, age and anatomical location of disease, clinical and pathological manifestations were collected then evaluated.
Results: The mean patient age at onset of uveitis was 36.3 ± 13.4 (range: 9-75) years. The female to male ratio was 2.6: 1. Sixty-seven percent participated uveitis patients suffered from bilateral involvement. The predominant type was Pan-uveitis (46.2%), anterior acute uveitis (36.9%), intermediate acute uveitis (12.3%) while posterior acute uveitis was less common (4.6%). Considering medical conditions, 53.8% of patients had acute uveitis and 46.2% had chronic uveitis. Laterality, 38.5% had unilateral uveitis while most patients had bilateral uveitis. Also, 53.8% of patients developed complications. Given the possible causes, the most common diagnoses were 'idiopathic' (32.3%), HLA-B27-positive (21.5%), Behçet‘s syndrome (13.8%), and granulomatous uveitis (TB) (9.2%)., seronegative spondyloarthropathy (6.2%), Fuch’s uveitis (6.2%), followed by less common Vogt Koyanagi Harada (4.6%), herpetic uveitis (3.1%), and toxoplasmosis (3.1%).
Conclusion: On the contrary to most uveitis epidemiologic studies the uveitis etiologic and clinical patterns were diverse in a tertiary referral center in Sana’a city, Yemen. Pan-uveitis and anterior acute uveitis were the most frequent clinical pattern in this study, and the most common related causes were HLA-B27 positive and Behçet's syndrome.
Peer Review History:
Received: 12 February 2022; Revised: 17 March; Accepted: 30 April; Available online: 15 May 2022
Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Jucimary Vieira dos Santos, Hemonorte Dalton Barbosa Cunha, Brazil, [email protected]
Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, [email protected]
CHOLERA IN SANA'A, YEMEN: CLINICAL FEATURES, RISK FACTORS AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF VIBRIO CHOLERAE
Get PDFBackground: Cholera, caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 or O139 serotypes, is one of the most important healthcare associated infections (HAI) among patients in Yemen.
Aim: This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with cholera outbreaks, clinical presentations, and antibiotic susceptibility of the V. cholerae strains isolated among inpatient in Diarrheal Treatment Centers (DTCs) in Sana’a City.
Methods: This is a matched case-control study carried out on 134 DTC inpatients (cases) aged from 2 to 85 years who had a mean age of 26.8 years; and 134 community healthy individuals (control), ranged in age from 2 to 85 years with a mean age of 27.1 years in Sana'a. The identified isolates were tested for antibiotics susceptibility using disc diffusion technique. Data were analyzed using Epi Info 7.2. Express the quantitative data as mean values, standard deviation (SD), when the data are normally distributed.
Results: Among the cases, females are more susceptible to cholera than males (62.7% vs. 37.3%), and there is an increase in the incidence of cholera with age as 32.8% of cases were in the ≥35-year age group. There were significant risk factors for cholera with unwashed fruits (OR=33, p<0.001), unwashed vegetables (OR=5.3, p=0.001), outside foods (OR=129, p<0.001), and leftovers un-cooled food (OR=2, p=0.04). Also, collapsed drinking water and sanitation system (OR=4.5, p<0.001), sewage running in street (OR=8.7, p<0.001), and contact with diarrhea persons in the home (OR=33.3, p<0.001) were factors associated with cholera, while being vaccinated with cholera vaccines (OR=0.11, p<0.001) and use of pipes for sewage disposal (OR=0.5, p=0.02) were factors protectively associated with cholera.
Conclusion: Cholera affects all age groups in Sana’a, with females and persons of the age group greater than 35 years mostly affected. The most common clinical presentations were watery diarrhea and abdominal pain. Consumption of unwashed fruits, vegetables, outside food, unrefrigerated food, use of breakdown sewage system, dilapidated sewage near the home, running of street sewage, and contact with diarrhea in the home were risk factors, while cholera vaccination was protective against it. Therefore there is need to ensure that proper hygiene and sanitation to prevent infection.
Peer Review History:
Received: 2 April 2022; Revised: 8 May; Accepted: 11 June; Available online: 15 July 2022
Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Bountain Welcome Tebeda,Chemical Pathology Department, Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Nigeria. [email protected]
Dr. Esther Marguerite Chase DJANGA, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. Department of Public Health. University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon. [email protected]