Institute of Business Management, Karachi, Pakistan: Journal Management System
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Performance Related Pay of University Employees: A Comparison of Public and Private Sector Universities of Pakistan
Get PDFPerformance related pay plays an important role indescribing employee motivation towards work and their satisfactionfrom pay. The aim of the study was to explore performance relatedpay of employees of public and private sector universities ofPakistan. Our results indicate that performance related pay waspositively correlated with motivation and job satisfaction (r= .557)was significantly higher than private sector employees. Simplelinear regression demonstrated that demographic variables likeyoung age, teaching experience, marital status, income, educationallevel and academic rank are predictors of performance relatedpay. Results also indicated that performance related pay (PRP)scale exhibit a high Cronbach Alpha
BALANCING RISK MANAGEMENT AND PROFITABILITY
Get PDFThis study examines the strength of linkage between current risk management practices and the profitability of five Islamic Banks in Pakistan. In order to achieve this objective, the current risk management practices of five Islamic banks were studied and quantified over a period of seven years. The study uses both primary (survey questionnaires) and secondary data (annual reports) to gather information. The link of these practices with the banks’ financial performance, controlling for other internal and external determinants of profitability was analyzed by adopting an econometric framework. Estimating pooled regression and checking the reliability of the estimated model through Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, it was found that the risk management framework had a statistically significant negative impact on profitability during the period under review
Some Exact Solutions of Second Grade Fluid over the Plane moving with Constant Acceleration
Get PDFMany materials such as clay coatings, drillingmuds,suspensions, certain oils and greases, polymermelts,elastomers and many emulsions have been treated as non–Newtonian fluids. It is difficult to suggest a singlemodel whichexhibits all properties of non–Newtonianfluids as in caseof theNewtonian fluids. They cannotbe described in a simple model asfor the Newtonian fluids and there has been much confusion overtheclassification of non–Newtonian fluids. However,non–Newtonianfluids may be classified as: (i) fluidsfor which the shear stressdepends on the shear rate;(ii) fluids for which the relation betweenthe shearstress and shear rate depends on time; (iii) fluidswhichpossess both elastic and viscous properties called visco elasticfluids or elastico–viscous fluids.Because of great diversity in thephysical structure of non–Newtonian fluids, it does not seempossible to recommend a single constitutive equation for useinthe cases described in (i), (ii) and (iii). Therefore,many constitutiveequations for non–Newtonian fluids have been proposed. Most ofthem are empirical orsemi–empirical. For more general threedimensionalrepresentations the method of continuum mechanicsis needed. Although many constitutive equationshave beensuggested, many questions are still unsolved.Some of thecontinuum models do not givesatisfactory results in accordancewith the availableexperimental data. Therefore, in many practicalapplications, empirical or semi–empirical equations havebeen used.A constitutive equation is a relation between stressand thelocal properties of the fluid. For a fluid at restthe stress isdetermined wholly by the static pressure.Although in the case of afluid in relative motion therelation between stress and the localproperties of thefluid is more complicated, some modificationsmaybe made such as the stress being dependent only ontheinstantaneous distribution of fluid velocity in theneighborhood ofthe element. This distribution maybe expressed only in terms of thevelocity gradientcomponents such as for a Newtonian fluid.However,non-Newtonian fluids cannot be described as simple asNewtonian fluids. One of the most popular modelsfor non-Newtonianfluids is the model that is called the second–order fluid or secondgrade fluid [6
Marine Ecological Assessment for LNG Terminal at Port Qasim
Get PDFMultinational companies intend to develop a Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) terminal with floating storage and regasification arrangement (FSRA) in the jurisdiction of Port Qasim. Approximately 500 MMSCFD or 3.5 million tons per annum of LNG would be transferred through a mooring arrangement, which would require marine works/structures such as a berth for docking and mooring of LNG Carriers and Floating Ship Regasification Arrangement (FSRA) i.e., unloading, storage and vapor recovery and return unit and pipelines to the delivery point for transport to off-takers. The FSRA will deliver the re-gasified liquefied natural gas (RLNG) via jetty and onshore associated facilities to the gas network operated by the in-country transmission pipeline providers SSGCL and SNGPL. The approach channel of Port Qasim is associated with Gharo Phitti Creek System consists of three creeks: Gharo Creek, Kadiro Creek and Phitti Creek has tidal creeks and are with associated mangrove and mudflats ecosystems that are linked with a network of creeks in the Indus Delta. Dredging will be required to create the berthing and the turning basin of diameter 400 to 700 m with a depth of -13.5 m below chart datum (CD). Approximate dredged material would be upto 5.5 Million cubic meters. The dredged material will be utilized for the reclamation and to construct shore protection structure. Land Area of 75-100 acres with water front of 1000 m has been allocated in the PQA for this project. This would be the first time that LNG terminals are being set up in PQA
Revisiting Far/Near Infrared Pyramid-Based Fusion Types for Night Vision Using Matlab
Get PDFThe night vision imaging mechanisms are developed to increase the visibility beyond normal human perception capabilities. So far, night vision methods reported in literature, such as, Morphological, Low Pass Pyramid, Contrast Pyramid, Filter Subtract Decimate and Shift Invariant methods, the Laplacian fusion method has been rated, the best method [1][2]. In this research paper four different methods of fusion of images, Gradient, Wavelet, Quincuns Lifting, including Laplacian are processed using Matlab toolbox called Matifus for night vision. For comparing the results of processed images using above methods, Mean Opinion Score (MOS) is used. MOS result of Laplacian, wavelet, gradient and quincunx methods are compared. The MOS results on the scale of 1-5 indicate a score of 4.15 for Laplacian, that means the quality of image perceived by the scorers is rated between good and excellent. By using MOS and perceptually proving that Laplacian technique is better than all others for night vision systems. However Gradient scored 3.56, Wavelet scored 3.15 and lastly 2.22 was scored by Quincunx Lifting method
A Novel Text Steganography Technique to Arabic Language Using Reverse Fat5Th5Ta
Get PDFThis paper presents a new technique for information hiding in Arabic language. The technique uses text steganography to hide the information. Considering the existence of Harakat (Fatha, Kasra and Damma) in the languages a new approach of reversing the Fatha has been developed for message hiding. The technique has been also evaluated to ensure its quality. This technique can be applied on other languages like Persian, Sindhi and other Regional languages
Language Ideologies in a Business Institute: A Case Study of Linguistic and Socio-Cultural Realities
Get PDFThis case study explored the English language related ideologies of different management groups and student representatives at a business school of Karachi, Pakistan. The study tried to bring an insider’s perspective to the causes of certain language ideologies prevalent in the business school’s social structure, and the role language played in power relations between the main actors of the community. For this purpose, a sample of four research participants from each of the focussed management cadres was selected for study. Analysis of semi-structured interviews, administered on the participants, was done using Fairclough’s (2009) dialectical-relational approach of critical discourse analysis (CDA). The study suggested the prevalence of certain language ideologies that were manifested and latent in the discourses of the participants. These deeply rooted beliefs were predominantly patterned by centering authorities: language became a means for those in power to sustain their hegemony and maintain social stratification in society. Functionally, English played a stratifying role, and also was found to be extensively perceived as a commodity, a product that is to be acquired or attained. The study realised this social wrong of inequity and divide in a particular community, and on the basis of the findings, recommends a reorganizing of social structures into those of more inclusive and democratic ones for the operationalizing of equality and fairness in social practices
