Institute of Business Management, Karachi, Pakistan: Journal Management System
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MACRO AND SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF SAVINGS IN PAKISTAN
Get PDFDue to close relationship of savings to economic growth,poverty, income inequality the analysis of the savings behaviorbecomes very important in development economics. The present studyhas analyzed the saving behavior of Pakistan for the period 1973-2013. It has been found that age dependency, foreign savings andinflation have a negative and significant relationships with all thethree type of savings (i.e. national, public and private), while economicgrowth and financial sector development enhances savings inPakistan. The study finds that interest rate has an insignificant impacton nationals and private savings. However, in the case of publicsavings the impact is positive and significant. As far as the role oftaxes is concerned, it has been found that taxes discourage privatesavings while the impact on public savings is positive
IMPACT OF CONFLICT MANAGEMENT STYLES ON AFFECTIVE AND COGNITIVE TRUST: MODERATING ROLE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP
Get PDFThe question as to whether conflicts are detrimental andinfluence other organizational variables to a significant extentdepends on how they are handled.This study aims to explore howconflicts are managed in Pakistan’s corporate setup and what impactvarious conflict management styles have on dimensions of trust.Moderating effect of transformational leadership examined whethertransformational leaders play their role in building trust. Data wascollected from ten companies based in Islamabad. Results showedthat integrating, obliging and compromising styles have a significantimpact on affective and cognitive trust. Whereas, dominating andavoiding were found to be having insignificant relationships withboth trust dimensions. Integrating and compromising were the mostpreferred styles adopted by average number of respondents to managetheir interpersonal conflicts at work.Furthermore, transformationalleadership significantly moderates the relationship between conflictmanagement and trust. Recommendations have been included to helpPakistani organizations in identifying present conflict managementproblem
IDENTIFYING AND MODELING BARRIERS TO COLLABORATION AMONG AUTO-PARTS MANUFACTURING SMEs
Get PDFThis research aims to identify major barriers impactingcollaboration and enhancing the understanding of these barriersamong small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in theauto parts manufacturing sector of Pakistan. A mathematical basedqualitative methodology known as interpretive structural modeling(ISM) approach is applied to diagnose foremost barriers and todevelop a hierarchical model showing mutual relationships amongthem. Seven barriers have been identified with the help of literatureand experts’ opinion. Classification of barriers has also been carriedout according to their driving and dependence powers
THE IMPACT OF PROCEDURAL JUSTICE ON ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT, PROMOTION DECISIONS AND INTENT TO LEAVE THE ORGANIZATION
Get PDFThis study was an attempt to investigate the impact ofprocedural justice on organizational commitment, promotiondecision, and intent to leave the organization. The study wasundertaken in two multinational banks and two local banks situated in Karachi, Pakistan. It was an empirical descriptive study with a sample size of 80 middle managers. To quantify promotion decision one item was used to evaluate whether the respondents got advancement or not. The Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) was employed to assess organizational commitment. Turnover intention questionnaires (TIQ) were used to measure turnover intentions. Procedural equity was measured with Procedural JusticePerception Scale. The findings indicate procedural justice as astatistically significant predictor of organizational commitment [(R²=.240, F (1, 78, 79) = 24.604, p <.001)]; procedural justice as insignificant predictor of promotion decision [(R² =.025, F (11.103, 5.624) = .164, p >.05)]; and procedural justice as insignificant predictor of intent to leave organization [(R² =.011, F (.053, .059) = .349, p >.05)]
TECHNICAL ANALYSIS: CONCEPT OR REALITY?
Get PDFThe paper investigates the validity of technical analysis toolsfor sample period of 1997 to 2014 on Karachi Stock Exchange for the following three aspects; first KSE-100 index do not follow random walk model by applying the Wright‘s rank based variance ratio test; secondly a variety of extremely popular technical trading rules based on simple moving averages, exponential moving averages, relative strength index (RSI) and stochastic RSI (RSISt) to find the predictive ability of these indicators. These trading rules have predictive power over future price behavior. It is also evidenced that the inclusion of oscillators like RSI and RSISt increase the performance in generating abnormal return. Based on these trading rules, the study proposed two trading strategic to know that whether investor beat buy-andholdstrategy. The results indicate that strategy based on these ruleshave the ability to outperform the buy-and-hold strategy, even after considering the transactional cost
IMPACT OF CUSTOMER BRAND RELATIONSHIP THROUGH FACEBOOK ON THE LEVEL OF CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT
Get PDFIn the last few years customer engagement has received asignificant attention of researchers and marketers’ because there is arise in the awareness of customers as value recipient to value cocreator.Two hypotheses were developed i.e. 1) Customer BrandRelationship through facebook impacts on the level of customerengagement. 2) There is a gender difference on the variable ofcustomer engagement on facebook. A survey was designed by takingten different brands of cloths that have their web pages on onlinesocial media. A sample of 211 individuals was approached to measurethe engagement status of 10 clothing brands through online socialmedia. Customer Engagement Scale (CES; Justina Malciute, 2012)was used to measure the impact of customer brand relationshipthrough Facebook on the level of Customer Engagement. Regressionanalysis was performed to measure the results. The results of thestudy suggest that customer brand relationship through facebookwill impact the level of customer engagement. Moreover, no genderdifference was found on the variable of customer engagement onfacebook
Strategies for Teaching English Abroad: The Immersion Classroom
Get PDFEnglish language development is best laid on the foundation of natural and social interactions which requires a great deal of sacrifice from educators who teach abroad (Snow, 1997). Learning to speak a new language grants learners a passport and highly coveted citizenship to a culturally interconnected world (Met & Lorenz, 1993); however, educators often face a daunting challenge. They must come up with comprehensive strategies which ensure that learners obtain requisite skills faster than might otherwise be deemed necessary. They must also employ non-verbal communication in place of the native language and secure a total commitment from students (Fortune, 2000). Finally, educators must leverage the brain’s information processing and retention ability against a very formidable threat: forgetting. The paper focuses on language immersion classroom strategies currently being used around the world, along with a discussion on how technology has been used to increase language and cultural competencies. This research has implications for educators and administrators who are interested in the impact that technology access has on learning when paired with a total immersion approach. This paper will present recommendations for international English language immersion programs, whose goals are to develop a total cultural competency for students aged 5-25 in environments where there are limited resources to aid in language immersion
John Dewey and His Philosophy of Education
Get PDFThis review paper on John Dewey, the pioneering educationist of the 20th century, discusses his educational thoughts, and writings, which gave a new direction to education at the turn of the century. Dewey’s contributions are immense and overwhelming in the fields of education, politics, humanism, logic, and aesthetics. This discussion will focus on Dewey and his philosophy related to educational approaches, pedagogical issues, and the linkages that he made between education, democracy, experience, and society. At the heart of his educational thought is the child. Dewey’s idea on humanism springs from his democratic bent and his quest for freedom, equity, and the value of child’s experiences
Feminisation of Teaching: Factors Affecting Low Male participation in Early Childhood Teaching at Private Schools in Pakistan
Get PDFThis study was aimed atidentifying associated barriers to entry of male teachers into early childhood teaching and to understand the gender inequality and the shortage of male role models for early learners at private schools of Karachi.A qualitative research was conducted with phenomenology as the chosen inquiry method. A purposeful sampleof six in-service educators was selected from four private schools in Karachi two male post-secondary teachers, two female early childhood teachers and two private school female heads. The data were collected using three semi structured interviews one for each samplesubtype. The study revealed that the male teachers did not teach early learners at private schools due to poor pay;low male adult and child compatibility; the influence of gender stereotypes and societal norms on occupational choice and child safety concerns. To create gender neutrality of early childhood teachers, male participants expressed an interest to teach young learners if offered equitable pay and professional development opportunities, while female participants suggested increased pay and child protection policy implementation
The Impact of Occupational Stress on University Employees’ Personality
Get PDFThis study is an effort to understand the impact of occupational stress which is classified into four constructs i.e. pressure at work, support at work, job satisfaction, and nature of job, on the personality of employees working in public as well as private sector universities. To conduct the study, a survey questionnaire was floated to six universities: two public sector and four private sector. These universities were selected on convenience bases and respondents from these universities were selected based on purposive sampling technique. The data was found reliable through cronbach alpha. In order to analyse data, correlation followed by multiple regression were applied as statistical tools. Analysis showed that all variables of occupational stress have significant impact over employees’ personality and overall model is significant at 99.9% confidence interval