Institute of Business Management, Karachi, Pakistan: Journal Management System
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Treatment of Reactive Routing Protocols Using Second Chance Based on Malicious behavior of Nodes in MANETS
Get PDFMobile nodes of various routing protocols in Mobile Ad hoc Networks follow different strategies in transmission and receiving of data. Security, packet delivery and routing overhead are important concerns for any protocol during designing them. The presence and absence of malicious nodes in the network affect a lot on the performance of the protocol. This research focused on the study of the threats, attacks and reasons for malicious behavior of nodes in the network for reactive routing protocols in MANETS. DSR and AODV are the two reactive routing protocols that considered the study to propose a second chance strategy to given to the nodes considering the reason for malicious behavior to improve the packet delivery ratio and reduce the routing overhead in the network. A simulative study has conducted using Ad hoc Simulator (ASIM) considering the DSR and AODV routing protocols in the presence of malicious nodes and in the absence of malicious nodes that showed, that the packet delivery ratio is low and routing overhead is high in the absence of malicious nodes. The second chance strategy proposed considers the reasons for malicious behavior and helps the node to be reintegrate in the network to improve the packet delivery ratio and reduce the routing overhead
Exploring Authentic Leadership In Relation To Job Satisfaction in Public and Private Sector Universities
Get PDFThe study aims to explore the authentic leadership attributes (ALA) and its impact on job satisfaction. The objectives of the study were to investigate the ALA of leaders and measure the relationship between ALA and job satisfaction at the university level. The population of the study was 6975. The sample of the study was 967. The mixed method approach was used to collect information from the sample through a modified form of ALQ developed by Walumbwa, Avolio, Gardener, Wernsing, & Peterson (2008) and interviews. The analysis was done with percentage, Mean, STD, independent sample t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson’s rank correlation and thematic analysis. It was found that r value (.426) which was significant at .000 showed significant positive and average level correlations between ALA and job satisfaction at the university level. It is recommended that research studies may be conducted at primary, secondary and college level as these areas are in need of authentic leaders
ESSENTIAL EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS FOR MARKETING CAREERS: GAP ANALYSIS OF EDUCATION AND PROFESSION
Get PDFThis study investigates generic skills, technical abilities andconceptual knowledge required by employers of marketingprofessionals. The first part of the research is based upon the contentanalysis of 375 advertisements of marketing jobs. These competencieswere classified in two categories i.e. generic skills and technicalmarketing skills. With regards to generic skills, oral/writtencommunication, leadership and team work has come out as preferredby employers. The Industry knowledge and sales management are themost desirable technical skills that are required by employers. In thesecond phase 16 marketing executives ranked the competencies theyprefer while hiring marketing professionals. Lastly an exploratorystudy was conducted to find out if essential competencies are deliveredthrough curriculum of marketing or not. ‘Industry specific knowledge’and forecasting and budgeting are two areas that are not sufficientlycovered by the marketing curriculum
PROACTIVE PERSONALITY AND INGENIOUS WORK INVOLVEMENT: EVIDENCE FROM NOT FOR PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS
Get PDFResearch evidences show that proactive personality and high quality Leader-Member relationship helps to develop ingenuity at work. However, this direct relationship doest not sustain empirical support in certain condition for different reasons. This research aims to find out the moderating role of task identity in relationship between proactive personality, leader member exchange and ingenious work involvement of NGO employees. The research focuses that the antecedents of ingenious work involvement are strongly related to it when employees have task identity. Cross sectional study conducted in NGO sector revealed a positive relation between antecedents under study and ingenious work involvement and it also confirmed the moderating role of task identity. The study points out the importance of proactive personality, leader member exchange and job design issues for increasing employee’s creativity at work.
EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF SERVANT LEADERSHIP ON TEACHERS’ JOB SATISFACTION
No full textThe aim of this study is to investigate the impact of servantleadership qualities on teachers’ job satisfaction in business schools of Kotli Azad Kashmir. For this study, data were collected through adopted instruments. A sample of seventy one subjects was randomly selected from different business schools of Kotli, Azad Kashmir. Results reveal that there is a significant and positive impact of servant leadership attitude on job satisfaction of faculty members. The results of this study can be practically employed to increase teachers’ job satisfaction by directing the efforts of educational administrators towards servant leadership behavior in their routine activities. Practical implications and future directions for research are also discussed
Value Related Practices Used by Teacher Educators at a Public University, Islamabad
Get PDFValues play a vital role in any teacher-training program. The value practices, used by teacher educators affect students’ understanding and practicing of values. This study aimed to explore the value related practices of teacher educators and to rank the value practices of education programs at a public sector university. Survey method was used for the study and the population comprised prospective teachers of education program at the university.100 prospective teachers were selected through simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaire and analyzed by using mean. It was found that there were several value related practices used by teacher educators such as realness, prizing, empathic understanding, fully functioning person, humility, lovingness, courage – overcoming one’s own fears, tolerance, decisiveness, living the tension between patience and impatience and the joy of living. With reference to ranking, realness stood above all other values. It is recommended that there may be more focus on different value related practices and that these are introduced in contents of teacher education program
SUSTAINABLE GROWTH OF NONFINANCIAL FIRMS: MICROECONOMETRIC EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN
Get PDFThis research has investigated the sustainability of growth of nonfinancialfirms in case of Pakistan. For this purpose, explanatoryvariable of earnings per share and total assets turnover were used ascontrolling factors and liquidity, size and cash flows were used asindependent variables. Balanced panel of 27 firms with 24 annualtime dimensions has been used from 1988 to 2011. Model specificationcriteria were in favour of pooled least squares but due to heterogeneityof firms, fixed effect model was opted for. The results of research wererobust against internal growth but not robust to sustainable growthindicating that, in case of Pakistan, the leverage impact, which is thekey difference between internal growth and sustainable growth mightbe playing some unexplained role for the growth of nonfinancial firms.For steady, regular and internal growth, liquidity and cash generationability are playing a significant role but fail to support growth in thelong run and in a sustainable way
SHORT-TERM FINANCING AND RISKADJUSTED PROFITABILITY: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN
Get PDFThis study explores the impact of short-term financing on theoperational performance of firms and the relationship of the formerto risk-adjusted profitability. The sample consists of 352 nonfinancialfirms listed on the KSE (now Pakistan Stock Exchange)from 2003 to 2014. We use several dynamic panel data estimationtechniques and find that short-term financing is positively butinsignificantly related to firms’ profitability. As far as short-termfinancing and risk-adjusted profitability are concerned, the resultsconfirm the hypothesis that short-term financing has no impact onrisk-adjusted profitability under GMM estimation procedure. Thisstudy contributes to the literature as no prior study exists on theassociation of risk-adjusted profitability and short-term financing