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Updated Document on Standard Terminology for Foot and Ankle
No full textThe Standardized Terminology and Measurement Subcommittee was established as an ad hoc academic entity at the behest of Dr Ian Alexander in 1990. Members who have served on the committee include Ian Alexander, David Katcherian, Harold Kitaoka, Bright McConnell, Chris Reynolds, Charles Saltzman, and Saul Trevino. This subcommittee met twice yearly at the annual winter and summer meetings. This initial work was coordinated with members of the POSNA’s Committee on Terminology and Measurement. These definitions were published in Foot & Ankle International and were expected to be included in the Guidelines for Manuscript Preparation, which was never done
Pre-Emptive Analgesia for Periodontal and Implant-Related Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textObjective
This systematic review aimed to answer the question: In patients undergoing periodontal and peri-implant surgery, gingival augmentation, implant site development or placement, are pre-emptive analgesics effective in controlling post-operative pain compared with patients not receiving pre-emptive medications? Materials and Methods
After comprehensive electronic and manual literature searches, randomised placebo-controlled clinical trials on adults undergoing the aforementioned surgeries were included. A meta-analysis was performed comparing pain (standardised mean difference) between pre-emptive medication and placebo at post-operative hours 1, 3, 6, 8, 24 and 72. Results
Two reviewers screened 1995 titles, included 18 studies in the systematic review (open flap debridement, osseous, mucogingival, unspecified periodontal surgery, implant placement; 1008 patients) and 7 studies in the meta-analysis. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acetaminophen and corticosteroids were prescribed 8 h to immediately pre-operatively and post-operatively until 12 h after the first dose. A clinically significant pain reduction peaked at 3 h (−0.81 [95% CI: −1.03, −0.58]; 9 study arms, n = 165 drug vs. n = 96 placebo patients) and was significant until 8 h (−0.54 [95% CI: −0.79, −0.28]; 7 study arms, n = 126 drug vs. n = 96 placebo patients), with moderate certainty of evidence (GRADE assessment). Conclusion
Pre-emptive analgesia can reduce pain for up to 8 h following periodontal and implant placement surgery
Reflecting, Regulating, Adapting: Metacognition’s Role in Journalism Practices
No full textThis article advances our understanding of transparency in journalism through the lens of metacognition. Drawing on a six-week intervention with eight U.S. newsrooms, the study analyzes journalists’ reflective journals using the Eight Pillars of Metacognition and a three-stage interpretive method. Findings reveal that journalists used metacognitive strategies—such as self-monitoring, adaptation, discrimination, and mnemosyne—to question assumptions, revise workflows, and embed transparency into daily practice. Rather than treating transparency as a discrete output or static ideal, this study positions it as a situated epistemic practice that unfolds through internal reflection, institutional memory, and relational ethics. While existing scholarship critiques transparency’s limited impact on public trust, this article argues that its unrealized potential lies in how it is practiced and internalized. Metacognition offers a conceptual bridge between normative ideals and newsroom work’s messy, iterative realities. This reorientation from transparency-as-disclosure to transparency-as-reflection highlights the cognitive labor journalists perform to remain accountable in uncertain and constrained environments. The study contributes to journalism studies by theorizing metacognition as both a professional resource and a democratic imperative that equips journalists to navigate audience skepticism, institutional pressures, and the evolving demands of ethical practice
Block Clubs and Crime in Chicago: The Transplant Hypothesis
No full textPrior research has emphasized the interconnection between community structure, civil society activism, and crime. Yet, the statistical association between crime and block clubs, a key element in local networks of voluntary associations and mutual self-help, has not been previously examined in the literature. We collected cross-sectional data on block clubs and crime in Chicago, Illinois, and estimated a set of negative binomial and quantile regression models, while controlling for social disorganization, nearby block club and crime levels, residential population and area size. We found that block clubs are positively associated with both violent and property crime, and that the presence of nearby block clubs is associated with lower crime in communities that have disproportionately high levels of crime. The history of block club organizing in the city informs our Transplant Hypothesis: block clubs are transplanted in communities that have high crime levels. Fostering block clubs in communities may enhance community organization, spur the development of informal social control, and institutionalize mobilization of resources to fight future crime
Understanding User Attitudes Towards AI-Enabled Technologies: An Integrated Model of Self-Efficacy, TAM, and AI Ethics
No full textDespite a growing body of research on AI adoption and use, the impact of various psychological and technological factors on users’ decision-making processes remains largely understudied. To bridge this gap, this study examines the combined influence of self-efficacy, AI ethics, and technological factors on users’ attitudes toward the use of AI technologies. Using an integrated theoretical model that combines self-efficacy theory and the technology acceptance model, this study conducted a nationwide survey in the U.S. (N = 1252) to test the multistage process of determining users’ attitudes toward the use of AI technologies. The results showed that perceived AI ethics plays a vital role in mediating between self-efficacy and technological factors, leading to a more positive attitude toward AI technologies. This study contributes to the AI adoption literature by advancing an integrated model to unveil the underlying mechanisms influencing users’ attitudes toward AI. Theoretical and practical implications are further discussed
