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COVID-19-Related Risk, Resilience, and Mental Health Among Mexican American Mothers Across the First Year of the Pandemic
No full textBackground
Latina mothers have been especially affected by the pandemic and historically exhibit high rates of depression and anxiety. However, few longitudinal studies have assessed the effect of the pandemic on this vulnerable population. We hypothesized that COVID-19-related stressors would associate with psychological distress among Latina mothers across the first year of the pandemic. Methods
We investigated COVID-19-related impact, stigma, and fears across two critical time points and changes in these measures in relation to changes in maternal anxiety and depression among mothers of Mexican descent living in Southern California (n=152). Surveys were administered within 5–16 weeks of the March 19, 2020 stay-at-home COVID-19 order in California and again between June to December 2021. Results
High proportions of women reported moderate to severe impacts of COVID-19 early in the pandemic, which reduced modestly a year later, e.g., reduced family incomes (55.9% 2020 Lockdown vs 32.7% 1-year follow-up). Anticipatory stigma was high across the first year, e.g., worrying at least some of the time that a family member will be deported (33.1% 2020 Lockdown vs. 14.1% 1-year follow-up), or they would not be able to care for their children (88.5% 2020 lockdown vs 82.2% 1-year follow-up). COVID-19 stigma, impact, and fears were significantly associated with higher levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms at both time points (p\u3c 0.003), and changes in COVID-19 impact were associated with changes in depression (p=0.0004). Conclusion
Findings emphasize the adverse socioeconomic and psychological effects of the pandemic for Latina mothers
The Lived Experience of Wisconsin Generation Z Teachers Remaining in the Classroom Beyond Their Third Year of Teaching
No full textTeacher retention is an increased concern across Wisconsin. Teacher retention rates are at “67 percent in the first five years” (Kammerud et al., 2023, p. 25) in Wisconsin. Our current workforce spans five generations, and early career teachers are the newest generation to the workforce, Generation Z. They are at a higher risk of leaving the profession (Carver et al., 2017; Hamidu, 2023; Hanover Research, 2022; Sims, 2020). School systems struggle having enough available staff with experience to stabilize the educational environment and mentor new teachers (Hamidu, 2023). The purpose of this phenomenological study was to understand Generation Z early career teachers that intend to return to the classroom experiences of successes, challenges or stresses faced in the classroom. This study can build understanding of how educational systems can adjust strategies to retain early career teachers. The study was conducted through individual semi-structured virtual interviews. One research question and two sub-questions were central to this study: How do Generation Z teachers choosing to remain in the classroom describe their experience? a) What prevalent factors influenced Generation Z teacher retention beyond the first three to five years? b) How do Generation Z teachers describe how they thrive in the classroom in experiences that are stressful or challenging? Results from the study identified that strong mentorship programs and supportive colleagues are central to ensuring early career success for Generation Z teachers. A collaborative culture leads to Generation Z teachers feeling valued, included and supported. The students are the reason that the Generation Z teachers continue to return to the classroom. Findings of this study were compared to the literature to identify areas of confluence and differences with implications for practice and further research suggestions outlined. The findings of this study sought to guide school districts to design mentorship programs for early career teachers and to create a culture that incorporates collaboration
The Civil Rights Movement in Minnesota: The Northstar State Leading the Nation’s Struggle for Civil Rights
No full textWith reason, Minnesota can pride itself on leading the nation in many progressive causes. And a broad participation in the Civil Rights Movement during the 1960s was no exception. Long overlooked, Minnesota led the cause to combat de facto segregation in the North. Not only did it produce numerous national leaders that fought for the cause of civil rights at the federal level, but at the state and local levels it also paced the nation in many ways promoting equality through moral education and passing substantive legislation to combat discrimination in housing, employment, and education. These efforts were bipartisan, biracial, and ecumenical. That is not to say there was no resistance. Minnesotans, like other Americans, expressed concerns over civil rights and the expansion of state power to address the grievances of, especially, African Americans. But unlike in other states, no substantive backlash formed. Thus the Civil Rights Movement in Minnesota, though slowed by legislative calendars and the limits of budgets and moral persuasion, witnessed some of the most, if not the most, progress in the nation. This progress stands in marked contrast to the rest of the country—the South being the most obvious example where the fight to overturn Jim Crow was intense and in many cases violent. In many non-Southern states, though, backlash was clear whether in terms of resistance to legislation or quite literally in resistance in the streets against civil right protests. The North may have been more benign on paper than the South, but it also witnessed tremendous degrees of bigotry and opposition to integration. Minnesota was not free of bigotry, but the consensus and rapidity with which legislation passed at the state and municipal level, despite urban disturbances, underscored Minnesota’s liberal cast of mind during a national period fraught with racial tension. Minnesota, thus, proved a northstar state for the nation even if its, albeit smaller racial tumults, proved a cautionary tale on the limits of civil rights. If Minnesota with its small African American population could not be free of even some racial tension, what state could hope for peace and justice
Sex Differences in Neuromuscular Fatigability Post Stroke
No full textThe purpose of this dissertation was to determine sex differences in neuromuscular fatigability (acute, exercise-induced reduction in power) during dynamic exercise post stroke and identify potential mechanisms related to vascular dysfunction. Female stroke survivors have worse motor-related functional outcomes and lower quality of life. Although multifactorial, one overlooked contributor to sex differences post stroke is fatigability. In addition to baseline weakness, stroke survivors have increased fatigability, limiting task endurance. Sex differences in fatigability may in part explain the worse motor-related functional outcomes for female stroke survivors. Studies have shown that older estrogen-deficient females exhibit blunted vasodilatory responses during exercise compared to younger females, but this age-related difference is not observed in males. Collectively, it is plausible that postmenopausal female stroke survivors have greater vascular dysfunction, resulting in greater fatigability than male stroke survivors. In Aim 1, we quantified differences in fatigability (power reduction) during dynamic exercise in stroke survivors compared to neurotypical controls. Stroke survivors were more fatigable than neurotypical controls. Female stroke survivors were more fatigable than male stroke survivors, but neurotypical males and females fatigued similarly. Fatigability in stroke survivors was negatively associated with muscle oxygenation responses but not exercise-induce hyperemia. In Aim 2, we investigated sex differences in fatigability (total contraction number) during ischemic dynamic exercise post stroke. Female stroke survivors were more fatigable than male stroke survivors under ischemia. The total contraction number was positively associated with the increase in neuromuscular activation. In Aim 3, we explored the effects of ischemic conditioning (IC), which enhances vasodilation, on fatigability (power reduction) during dynamic exercise post stroke. After a single session of IC, male and female stroke survivors were less fatigable than after IC-sham. Improvements in fatigability were positively associated with walking speed and endurance. In summary, when there is free muscle perfusion/reperfusion, mechanisms involving micro-vascular dysfunction contributes more to the greater fatigability in female stroke survivors versus male stroke survivors; whereas in conditions where muscle perfusion/reperfusion is limited, mechanisms for sex differences in fatigability post stroke are likely neural in origin. Lastly, IC could serve as a potential intervention to improve task endurance post stroke
Evaluating Open-Source Machine Learning Ransomware Detection Techniques
No full textRansomware remains one of the most disruptive and damaging form of cyber threat affecting both larger and smaller organizations. It is becoming increasingly more important to find tools to mitigate this threat, and one route that is much more prevalent is using machine learning techniques for detection. This work explores open-source work geared towards ransomware detection with the aid of artificial intelligence as a means to provide a cost-effective alternative for organizations that may not have the funding to purchase the commercial solutions. Many tools and malware repositories were investigated, and one was further analyzed with a dataset specifically catered to the features it requires. The dataset was created through the collection of ransomware executable samples gathered from VirusTotal, a public repository of malware. Due to missing features in the dataset, there were two experimental setups used, one using the data as is and one with the present features weighted. The results of this convey that it is important to acknowledge what aspects may affect the accuracy and overall effectiveness of these kinds of tools, and explores what could be done to lessen this impact
Editorial: The Gendered Impact of COVID-19: Communicating Risks, Hope, Opportunities, and Challenges
Get PDFZuckerberg Facebook reel celebrating July 4 on hydrofoil in eagle costume
No full texthttps://epublications.marquette.edu/zuckerberg_files_videos/1466/thumbnail.jp
