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Review of \u3cem\u3eBefore Borders: A Legal and Literary History of Naturalization\u3c/em\u3e
No full textPain is Modulated Differently Between Females With and Without Patellofemoral Pain: Factors Related to Sensitization
Get PDFContext
Patellofemoral pain (PFP) has poor long-term recovery outcomes. Central sensitization describes central nervous system changes altering pain modulation, which can complicate recovery (poorer prognosis and worse function). Signs of central sensitization include amplified pain facilitation, pain hypersensitivity, and impaired pain inhibition, which can be measured with temporal summation of pain (TSP), pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), and conditioned pain modulation (CPM), respectively. Sex differences exist for these test responses, but female-only PFP investigations of sensitization are uncommon. Understanding pain modulation in females with PFP could improve treatment protocols. Objective
To determine whether females with PFP exhibit signs of central sensitization (greater TSP, lower PPTs, and reduced CPM) compared with pain-free females. Design
Cross-sectional study. Setting
Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants
Thirty-three females ([20 PFP, 13 pain free]; age: PFP 29.2 ± 7 years, pain free 28 ± 7 years; height: PFP 166.7 ± 5.9 cm, pain free 166 ± 9.5 cm; mass: PFP 66.7 ± 9.6 kg, pain free 69.3 ± 7.5 kg). Main Outcome Measure(s)
Temporal summation of pain was assessed with 10 punctate stimuli applied to the knee and calculated by the difference in pain intensity between beginning and end responses. Pressure pain thresholds were tested at 4 sites (3 for local hypersensitivity [knee] and 1 for widespread hypersensitivity [hand]). Conditioned pain modulation was conducted by comparing PPTs during 2 conditions (baseline and ice immersion). Conditioned pain modulation response was defined as the percent difference between conditions. Between-groups differences in TSP response were analyzed with a Welch test. Separate Welch tests analyzed group comparisons of PPTs and CPM responses at 4 sites. Results
Females with PFP exhibited greater TSP response (P = .019) and lower CPM response at patella center (P = .010) and hand sites (P = .007) than pain-free females. Pressure pain thresholds group differences were not observed at any site (P \u3e .0125). Conclusions
Females with PFP modulate pain differently than pain-free females. Clinicians should recognize signs of central sensitization and their potential effect on treatment options
The Impact of the Pandemic on Religious Practices: Data Analysis from Responses by Muslim and Arab Christian Participants
Get PDFThe following is a brief qualitative analysis based on interviews data and focusing on select questions regarding the impacts of the COVID-19 and the disruption in religious services. The data examined for this report includes responses from over twenty men and women (most of them were women) concerning how (and if) they were impacted by the challenges in practicing their faith. Interviewees were overwhelmingly Muslim but there were also some who identified themselves as Christian. Most of them came from immigrant background
A Virtual Photovoice Project to Describe Adult Perspectives on Living with Sickle Cell Disease
No full textObjective
To explore the lives of adults living with sickle cell disease (SCD) through a novel virtual photovoice method.
Methods
Using a community-based participatory action framework, participants took photographs to document and describe their experiences. Participants met virtually over four months and took photographs to reflect their selected topics, provide descriptive captions, and discuss selected photographs using the SHOWeD method. Participants narrowed down their photos and identified themes. The culmination of this work was displayed through a live virtual presentation of participants’ photos accompanied by a narration.
Results
Six themes were identified to include being a sickle cell warrior, challenges, support, distractions, positives, and call to action. Having a voice throughout the project was valued by participants.
Conclusions
The photovoice project provided participants with an opportunity to share their perspectives living with SCD. Learning about their unique experiences can set the stage for the development of interventions to improve their overall quality of life
Cumulative Effects of H\u3csup\u3e+\u3c/sup\u3e and P\u3csub\u3ei\u3c/sub\u3e on Force and Power of Skeletal Muscle Fibres from Young and Older Adults
No full textThe cellular causes of the age-related loss in power output and increased fatigability are unresolved. We previously observed that the depressive effects of hydrogen (H+) (pH 6.2) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) (30 mm) did not differ in muscle fibres from young and older men. However, the effects may have been saturated in the severe fatigue-mimicking condition, potentially masking age differences in the sensitivity of the cross-bridge to these metabolites. Thus, we compared the contractile mechanics of muscle fibres from the vastus lateralis of 13 young (20–32 years, seven women) and 12 older adults (70–90 years, six women) in conditions mimicking quiescent muscle and a range of elevated H+ (pH 6.8–6.6–6.2) and Pi (12–20–30 mm). The older adult knee extensor muscles showed hallmark signs of ageing, including 19% lower thigh lean mass, 60% lower power and a greater fatigability compared to young adult muscles. Progressively increasing concentrations of H+ and Pi in the chemically-permeabilized fibre experiments caused a linear decrease in fibre force, velocity and power; however, the effects did not differ with age or sex. Fast fibre cross-sectional area was 41% smaller in older compared to young adults, which corresponded with lower absolute power. Size-specific power was greater in fibres from older compared to young adults, indicating the age-related decline in absolute power was explained by differences in fibre size. These data suggest the age-related loss in power is determined primarily by fast fibre atrophy in men and women, but the age-related increase in fatigability cannot be explained by an increased sensitivity of the cross-bridge to H+ and Pi
The Roles of Supervisor Care and Trust and Sense of Belonging in Promoting Internship Satisfaction
Get PDFThis study examines how relational aspects of the internship experience, namely students’ perceptions of a supervisor’s care and trust and students’ sense of belonging, factor into students’ satisfaction with their internship experience. We found that relational aspects impacted internship satisfaction. Although students’ perceptions of a supervisor’s care and trust were not a significant predictor of satisfaction, their sense of belonging was significant. Further analysis pointed to opportunities to use career related skills and gain confidence to pursue future job opportunities as significant in building students’ sense of belonging
Separating the Impacts of a Corrosion Inhibitor from Copper Corrosion Products on Antibiotic Resistance in Drinking Water
No full textAntibiotic resistance is a growing threat to public health, and environmental factors, including metals in drinking water distribution systems, are increasingly recognized as contributors to the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Zinc orthophosphate, a common corrosion inhibitor, and copper corrosion products (CuO and Cu2O) are frequently present in drinking water systems. While each has been shown to increase ARB and ARGs individually, their combined effects remain unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the combined impact of copper corrosion products and the corrosion inhibitor zinc orthophosphate on antibiotic resistance. Two sets of lab-scale microcosms were used, in which CuO and Cu2O were added with and without zinc orthophosphate, and impacts on ARB abundance, ARG abundance, and microbial community structure were assessed. Overall, the combined addition of copper corrosion products and corrosion inhibitor increased ARB and ARGs, coinciding with changes to the microbial community’s β-diversity. In most cases, the coaddition of the corrosion product with the corrosion inhibitor resulted in greater changes in antibiotic resistance abundance than the addition of the corrosion product alone. This research improves our understanding of how the coexistence of metal corrosion products and corrosion inhibitors in drinking water pipes can impact antibiotic resistance
Diabetes Potentiates the Emergence and Expansion of Antibiotic Resistance
Get PDFIndividuals with diabetes mellitus frequently develop severe skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) that are recalcitrant to antibiotic treatment. We examined how diabetes affects the emergence of antibiotic resistance in a Staphylococcus aureus SSTI. We determined that S. aureus evolves antibiotic resistance rapidly in diabetic mice, while resistance did not occur in nondiabetic mice over the course of infection. Diabetes-associated immune cell dysfunction plays a minor role in the emergence of resistance, while hyperglycemia plays a dominant role facilitating the expansion and takeover of resistant mutants in diabetic infections. Furthermore, vancomycin intermediate resistant isolates display a pronounced fitness defect in nondiabetic mice but not in diabetic mice. Together, these data suggest that the diabetic infection environment represents an ideal reservoir for the emergence and proliferation of antibiotic resistance. Controlling the blood sugar of diabetic mice with insulin resulted in significantly decreased incidence of antibiotic-resistant S. aureus
Editorial: To Know or Not to Know: Causes and Evolution of Lack of Awareness of Cognitive Decline in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Volume II
Get PDFAnosognosia, or the lack of awareness of cognitive, behavioral, or functional deficits, represents a critical challenge in the clinical management of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia. This condition not only impacts patients, caregivers, and healthcare systems (D\u27Souza et al., 2011; Turró-Garriga et al., 2013) but also raises important questions about its underlying mechanisms and evolution (Hanseeuw et al., 2020; Starkstein, 2014; Vannini et al., 2017). Despite its critical importance, significant gaps remain in our understanding of cognitive self-awareness in neurodegenerative diseases. Building on the momentum of the first edition of To Know or Not to Know, this second volume continues to explore these pressing issues through innovative approaches and multidisciplinary perspectives. The eight articles in this volume span a diverse range of themes and methodologies, reflecting the multifaceted nature and importance of awareness research