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Health Consumers’ Emotional Responses Toward Asthma Videos on YouTube Are Influenced by Time Since Posting, Number of Tags, Subject of Content and the Emotional Tone
No full textBackground
Social media platforms and user-generated videos have become important channels and resources for health consumers seeking information and learning about asthma management. Objectives
This study examined the characteristics of asthma-related videos on YouTube, health consumers\u27 emotional responses to these videos and explored the video attributes influencing their emotional responses and attitudes toward asthma-related content. Methods
The study employed manual subject analysis, sentiment analysis, descriptive statistical analysis and regression modelling. Results
The most popular content categories were Treatment, Prevention and Cause & Pathophysiology. Consumer interactions confirmed interest in Treatment. The time since posting, the number of tags, the subject of content and the general tone (positive/neutral/negative) of a video influenced whether it elicited positive or negative emotions. Discussion
The consumer interactions might indicate interest in a content category, but the analysis might show negative attitudes to that content. ‘Sign & Symptom’ content can reduce the positive emotional responses, and ‘Cause & Pathophysiology’ content can raise the negative emotional responses, thus reducing the consumers\u27 expression of positive attitudes in different ways. Conclusion
The content priorities of video creators and health consumers differed, and keeping the emotional tone positive appears important for fostering positive emotional responses and attitudes
Exercise for Parents of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Mixed Method Pilot Study
No full textObjectives
Parents of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) do not meet World Health Organization physical exercise recommendations. The first purpose was to assess the necessity, barriers, and facilitators to exercise from the perspective of parent caregivers of persons with ASD to inform an exercise program. A second purpose was to pilot test an exercise program for parents (HR1902028815). Methods
In this mixed methods study, thirty parents completed qualitative interviews. Based on the interviews, an hour-long, 3–4 times a week instructor-led exercise program was developed and piloted for 10 parents. Five parents completed the 9-week program. Results
Participants (N = 10) showed improved sit to stand time [pre 9.71 (3.32) post 8.22 (2.44), p = 0.03] with a large effect size (d = 0.81). There were improvements with a medium effect size for decrease in hip circumference (d = 0.53) and increase in right hand grip strength (d = –0.51) and improvement with a small effect size for decreased body fat (d = 0.38). Conclusions
Results indicated that preference-based group exercise can benefit ASD parents and that they need support to prioritize exercise. Participation in the exercise program was most feasible and acceptable for the parent participants that were older, with older children. Future studies with a larger, more diverse sample are recommended
Explainability-Based Adversarial Attack on Graphs Through Edge Perturbation
No full textDespite the success of graph neural networks (GNNs) in various domains, they exhibit susceptibility to adversarial attacks. Understanding these vulnerabilities is crucial for developing robust and secure applications. In this paper, we investigate the impact of evasion adversarial attacks through edge perturbations which involve both edge insertions and deletions. A novel explainability-based method is proposed to identify important nodes in the graph and perform edge perturbation between these nodes. The task of node classification in GNNs has a substantial effect on tasks that involve network analysis in numerous domains. Considering the broad applicability of this method, understanding potential strategies for adversarial attacks can provide insight to defend against them. Explainability offers comprehensive reasoning behind the predictions made by GNNs and facilitates transparency about the inner operation of the model. We show that additional information and insights that can be gained through GNN-based explainability methods can be utilized to strengthen the adversarial attack. The proposed method is tested for node classification with three different architectures and datasets. The results suggest that introducing edges between nodes of different classes has a higher impact as compared to removing edges among nodes within the same class
To Address the Nursing Faculty Shortage, Start with the Salary Gap
No full textNurses must advocate with policymakers for meaningful change.
There is a national shortage of nursing faculty to educate the future nurse workforce. The biggest barrier to recruiting and retaining nursing faculty is the salary gap between the faculty and clinical nursing roles. Many full-time nursing faculty earn a lower salary than the new graduate nurses they educate. According to our recent research (American Nurse, July 2024), NPs who have a comparable education level to nursing faculty take an average $43,000 pay cut if they leave clinical practice to teach full-time. Even the salaries of PhD-prepared faculty often lag well behind clinical NP salaries. The faculty role is vital to the health of the profession, and it is particularly important to recruit excellent educators with relevant clinical experience
EVALUATING THE ULF MRI (0.64T) IMAGE QUALITY THROUGH IN VIVO TEST-RETEST
No full textUltra-low-field (ULF) MRI systems, such as the Hyperfine Swoop (64mT), represent a transformative advancement in neuroimaging by offering portable, affordable alternatives to conventional high-field MRI. This system has the potential to significantly expand access to diagnostic imaging in resource-limited, emergency, and point-of-care settings. This study evaluates the clinical reliability and reproducibility of the Hyperfine Swoop by conducting a series of controlled in vivo test-retest scans on a single participant. Quantitative assessment of brain image quality was performed using voxel volume consistency and the Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM). The results demonstrated high intra-subject repeatability with minimal variation across sessions, underscoring the system’s robustness and stability. These findings support the clinical viability of Hyperfine Swoop (64mT) for routine diagnostic use and highlight its promise as a scalable solution for broader healthcare accessibility
Regional and local effects on songbird demography, stress, and behavior
No full textUnderstanding how abiotic and biotic factors interact to shape species distributions and population dynamics is essential in a rapidly changing world. Ecological research has traditionally focused on either regional or local scale processes that determine distributions and abundances. For example, some environmental factors such as climate can influence both large-scale population dynamics (i.e., macroclimate effects) and local-scale interactions and individual performance (i.e., microclimate effects), while other factors such as biotic interactions among individuals mostly influence local interactions in a way that might scale up to influence larger-scale population dynamics. However, we lack a comprehensive understanding of how broad-scale and local-scale environmental factors combine and potentially interact to impact species distributions and abundances. The goal of this dissertation is to advance our understanding of the effect that climate and local-scale biotic interactions have on the spatial distributions and local population dynamics of species. To achieve this goal, this dissertation is divided into three chapters that examine: 1) the broad-scale effects of global climate cycles on annual survival rates of birds; 2) broad- and local-scale effects of climate and local-scale effects of interactions with competitors on bird physiological stress; and 3) how local microclimate interacts with species traits to determine aggression in biotic interactions. In this dissertation, I use songbirds as a study system to examine the role of climatic variation, biotic interactions, and habitat quality in structuring populations across spatial and ecological gradients. This dissertation will advance our current ecological understanding of how broad and local scale environmental factors combine and interact to influence the distributions and population dynamics of species. Below I provide more information about each chapter. In the first chapter, I used mark-recapture data from over 350,000 individuals across North America to test the mechanisms of how broad-scale climatic variation correlate to fluctuation in population sizes. I test how global climate cycles, like the El Niño Southern Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation, affect annual apparent adult survival probability for 49 species across North America. I found that global climate cycles have synchronized effects on survival and could provide mechanistic support for the broad-scale climate hypothesis, which posits that population dynamics of organisms are largely synchronized at regional scales. Climate impacts on survival were largely synchronized within broad regions, but effects varied by migratory strategy, region, and species traits. These findings suggest that global climate cycle effects on nonbreeding areas of birds’ ranges might be responsible for this spatial synchrony in survival rates. In the second chapter, I evaluated predictions from habitat selection theory by investigating how fine-scale variation in habitat structure, climate, and conspecific density influence individual markers of stress in a high elevation forest specialist songbird, the hermit warbler (Setophaga occidentalis). Telomeres are a biomarker of physiological stress where increased telomere shortening correlates with increased accumulated oxidative stress. Understanding how measures of stress vary across habitat gradients can help answer questions on habitat selection processes. I found that telomere length increased with elevation and decreased with conspecific density. This suggests that songbirds in this system are following an ideal despotic compared to an ideal free distribution, as stress was lowest areas associated with in higher-quality breeding habitat and in areas with fewer conspecific competitors. In my third chapter, I conducted a playback experiment along a microclimatic gradient to test how microclimate and other environmental factors affect the strength of intra- and interspecific aggression for two closely related species pairs. I found that aggressive interactions shift with environmental context, suggesting that aggression levels are not fixed but vary across ecological gradients like forest structure. Together, these studies demonstrate that population and community processes in birds are jointly shaped by interactions among broad- and local-scale climatic variability, local-scale habitat structure, and local-scale biotic interactions. This work advances our understanding of how abiotic and biotic factors jointly influence avian ecology and underscores the need for a multi-scalar approach to studying population and community dynamics in changing environments
MOTIVATIONS FOR BENEFICIARIES AND POLICYMAKERS WHEN MAKING CHOICES ABOUT MEDICARE ADVANTAGE VERSUS FEE-FOR-SERVICE
No full textBeneficiaries and policymakers face choices in Medicare. Annually, beneficiaries can exercise their right to review and compare among the two coverage options, Medicare Advantage (MA) and Fee-for-Service (FFS). Likewise, policymakers can exercise their right to enact change, typically favoring either MA or FFS. This dissertation examined how exercising the right to engage in certain activities may motivate beneficiaries and policymakers to favor either FFS or MA. Individual preferences likely play a role, and this dissertation includes three analyses to explore such preferences. Comparison of FFS and MA was enabled by 2019-2021 data from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey. The first analysis examined the impact of beneficiaries exercising their right to review cost and service information. Less than 30% of beneficiaries exercised their right to compare coverage, but review of cost and service information increased the probability of comparing coverage by 44.4 percentage points or 159%. Forty-seven percent of beneficiaries did not exercise their right to review cost nor service information. In analysis two, exercising the right to compare coverage increased the probability of a beneficiary switching plans (from FFS to MA or vice versa) by 1.8 percentage points or 69%. Further, an examination of the sticker population, found exercising the right to compare coverage increased the probability of sticking with MA, relative to FFS, by 18% (7.2 percentage points). In the third analysis, policymaker’s decision to exercise their right to enact change, as evidenced by investing capital in FFS telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic, was associated with a 4.3 percentage point increase in access to FFS telehealth, relative to MA. Despite a lack of investment, MA plans closed the initial gap in telehealth access and provided near equal access by the end of the first year of the pandemic. Taken together, these findings suggest when beneficiaries and policymakers exercise their rights, they may become more aware of their preferences, which may motivate them to favor FFS or MA. Though not all beneficiaries and policymakers engaged in these actions, we can gain insights from those who did and disseminate the findings to increase engagement in fully exercising rights, in the future
DISCOURSES OF DEATH IN MATTHEW\u27S PASSION NARRATIVE
No full textHistorians and biographers in the ancient world applied standardized idioms and forms to narrate death. Embedding textual clues allowed narrators to indicate how the immediate community and future readers should memorialize the deceased. By evaluating a person’s life through their death, author served as meaning-makers, distinguishing a good death from a bad death. Matthew, like all the canonical evangelists, narrates Jesus’s death. Except, unlike them, he relates two deaths in his Passion Narrative: Judas Iscariot and Jesus of Nazareth. Judas’s death is a self-caused hanging while Jesus is crucified, also a form of hanging. This unique narrative feature calls for an autopsy of Matthew’s Passion Narrative. More to the point, what is needed is an autopsy of the two death scenes and their interrelationship. My approach to offering an integrated reading of these two deaths in Matthew begins by situating them within the framework of death as a discourse. The textual history reveals that authors shared basic literary formulas and motifs to narrate death. Key textual clues that authors used to qualify an individual’s death include (1) the manner of death, (2) who or what causes or instigates the death, (3) the deceased’s final words, (4) how the remains were handled, and (5) the deceased’s community’s narrated response. In the first chapter, using the five categories above, I will examine some of the many discourses of death in the Old Testament and Second Temple Jewish literature. This will provide a foundation for how to read death in Matthew’s gospel while also uncovering conceptions of life, death, and the afterlife in the Jewish world facing its text. In chapters two and three, I will apply this framework to Judas’s hanging and Jesus’s crucifixion. This will enable us to see how Matthew engages the biblical and social discourse of death while also layering meaning for his audience. In the final chapter I will evaluate the implications reading the pair of deaths by placing them side-by-side. This will allow us to view Matthew’s patterns as a narrator and to establish what social and theological purposes death serves in his narrative
Why Mark Zuckerberg is hyped on Meta\u27s new glasses and superintelligence
No full texthttps://epublications.marquette.edu/zuckerberg_files_videos/1469/thumbnail.jp
Zuckerberg Facebook video announcing the fall 2025 line of Meta glasses part 2
No full texthttps://epublications.marquette.edu/zuckerberg_files_videos/1473/thumbnail.jp