43618 research outputs found
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Perceptions of Reactions to Trauma Disclosure and Posttraumatic Growth
No full textThis dissertation explores the associations between trauma disclosure likelihood, perceptions of positive and negative social reactions to trauma disclosure, trauma impact, trauma type, and posttraumatic growth (PTG). The study aimed to clarify the ability of these variables to predict PTG, with a particular focus on the mediating roles of positive and negative social reactions to trauma disclosure in the relationship between trauma disclosure likelihood and PTG. Using a cross-sectional design, data were gathered from 184 participants recruited primarily through an undergraduate participant pool, as well as through various trauma-related organizations and online forums. The findings suggest survivors of Type 2 trauma were less likely to disclose their trauma to others and experienced less PTG compared to those who experienced a Type 1 trauma. Additionally, findings suggest that a positive association exists between likelihood of disclosing one’s most impactful trauma and PTG, even while controlling for positive social reactions to trauma disclosure. However, contrary to hypotheses, neither positive social reactions to trauma disclosure nor negative social reactions to trauma disclosure mediated the relationship between trauma disclosure likelihood and PTG; no evidence for mediation was found when these mediators were considered independently or as parallel mediators. These results underscore the importance of survivors disclosing their trauma to safe and supportive individuals who can provide positive social reactions. Additionally, special care should be given to survivors of Type 2 trauma, as they may require additional support to facilitate PTG. This study contributes to a broader understanding of the intricate relationship between social support, trauma disclosure, and PTG, emphasizing the complex interplay between trauma type, disclosure processes, and social reactions to trauma disclosure
The Effects of COVID-19 on Physical Activity, Physical Function, and Psychological Health
No full textCoronavirus (COVID-19) is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Long COVID is secondary to an acute COVID-19 infection and is characterized by chronic symptoms that persist for \u3e3 months after initial infection with minimal information about the mechanisms and who is most vulnerable. Further, the protective effects of physical activity (PA) on the acute symptoms of COVID-19 and persistent symptoms of Long COVID are not known. The purpose of this dissertation was to determine (1) PA levels before, and after COVID-19 infection, and the persistent effects of COVID-19 on (2) physical function and (3) psychological health in non-hospitalized COVID-19 survivors. We hypothesized that higher PA prior to infection would lessen the acute and persistent symptoms affiliated with Long COVID in people who had not been hospitalized for their acute COVID-19 infection. Aim one demonstrated that PA (self-reported) declined in COVID-19 survivors from pre-COVID-19 to an average of 8.5 months following infection and rebounded to levels similar to pre-COVID on average 4.25 years later. PA declined the most among participants who reported Long COVID symptoms after initial infection. Furthermore, both COVID-19 survivors and age- and sex- matched controls (non-COVID) experienced reduced PA, highlighting the broader impact of the pandemic on activity levels. Aim two demonstrated that persistent symptoms in COVID-19 survivors had a negative impact on muscular and cardiopulmonary function, potentially influencing exercise tolerance even 8.5 months after infection. However, higher levels of PA prior to COVID-19 infection appeared to help preserve maximal handgrip and lower-extremity muscle strength, maximal oxygen utilization (predicted V̇O2), and pulmonary function in people who experienced Long COVID symptoms. Aim three demonstrated greater self-reported fatigue, depression, anxiety and stress in COVID-19 survivors compared with matched controls. These attributes of psychological health were worse in COVID-19 survivors who reported the most symptoms acutely and in people with Long COVID symptoms. These dissertation findings highlight the critical role of PA in mitigating some of the long-term effects of COVID-19 on physical and psychological health. These results emphasize the importance of promoting PA to support recovery, maintain functional and performance abilities, and maintain the overall well-being in COVID-19 survivors
Marriage (book chapter)
No full textThis entry examines the centrality of marriage law to the development of Anglo-American fiction from the eighteenth century to the present day. The entry begins by discussing how writers such as Samuel Richardson, Mary Wollstonecraft, George Eliot, and Thomas Hardy participated in debates about the legal regulation of marriage in England, focusing on Lord Hardwicke’s 1753 Clandestine Marriages Act and the 1857 Divorce and Matrimonial Causes Act. The entry considers how writers interrogated legal rules concerning the formation and dissolution of marriage as well as the legal fiction of marital unity. The entry considers similar debates in the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century United States, discussing Henry James’s and Edith Wharton’s responses to women’s lack of freedom and equality in marriage, as well as Nella Larsen’s treatment of the prohibition on interracial unions. The entry concludes by turning to recent reimaginings of the marriage plot, considering how Jeffrey Eugenides draws upon and subverts the tradition of marriage in Anglo-American fiction while interrogating the legal fictions that structure conjugal life
Belial: Sexual Violence and Its Legal Remediation in the Deuteronomistic History
No full textAt first glance, the pericopes of Judges 19–20, 1 Samuel 2:12–36, and 1 Samuel 30 have little in common with one another. Yet, several peculiar threads are interwoven in each pericope that signal a common bond between these narratives. In each account, the characterization of the antagonists and their deeds are the same. In Judg 19–20, בני־בליעל, lit. “sons of belial,” are responsible for the rape of the Levite’s concubine. In 1 Sam 2:12–36, Eli’s sons are called בני־בליעל, lit. “sons of belial,” and accused of exploiting the so-called gathering women. In 1 Sam 30, a portion of David’s men who are called belial (בליעל) make a proposal that capitalizes on the sexual abuse of Israelite daughters in the wake of an Amalekite raid. In addition to the striking correlation of belial and sexual violence against women in each of these pericopes, there are several more peculiarities shared between them. First is the use of belial itself. The uncertain etymology and linguistic ambiguity of the term have famously puzzled interpreters. There is little consensus on its precise meaning, and the various interpretations of the term in later recensions of the biblical text obfuscate the shared usage of the term in these pericopes. Second, although these pericopes are replete with allusions to Pentateuchal legislation, interpreters have not considered a shared motivation underlying the incorporation of these allusions. Finally, although it is widely accepted that editorial activity has significantly shaped each pericope, there has not yet been an attempt to trace common scribal motivations behind their literary development. This study aims to resolve these collective difficulties by arguing that Judg 19–20, 1 Sam 2:12–36, and 1 Sam 30 engaged in shared legal reflection. I propose that the intricate legal themes, allusions to sexual violence, complex text-critical issues, and evocation of belial in Judg 19–20, 1 Sam 2:12–36, and 1 Sam 30 are the product of legal exegesis that sought to correlate belial with sexual violence against women
Distinct Neuropsychological Profiles of Acute Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury
No full textTraumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause significant impairment in a child’s life, particularly impacting their cognitive and psychological functioning. Despite these significant consequences, there are currently no validated treatments to alleviate or mitigate the negative impact of TBI. Failed clinical trials in pediatric TBI are thought to be due to simplistic diagnostic criteria and coarse classification nomenclature (i.e., mild, moderate, severe), which results in significant variability in recovery within a classification category. Furthermore, other variables, such as age, preinjury functioning, social determinants of health (SDOH), and post-injury cognitive functioning, more effectively predict long term outcomes than classification nomenclature, highlighting the need to identify new ways to categorize TBI. This project used Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) to identify distinct profiles of pediatric TBI using preinjury functioning and post-injury cognitive functioning and associated these profiles with demographic, SDOH, preinjury, and injury characteristics. Moreover, differences between long-term cognitive and psychological functioning, cognitive recovery, and healthcare referrals were investigated for the identified profiles and compared with the traditional classification criteria. Overall, five profiles were identified: (1) Low Average Preinjury with Severe Impairment (24%), (2) High Average Preinjury with Severe Impairment (8%), (3) Average Preinjury with Moderate Impairment (23%), (4) Average Preinjury with Low Impairment (40%), and (5) Low Average Preinjury with Low Impairment (5%). The identified profiles were significantly associated with demographic, SDOH, and injury factors predictive of worse injury (e.g., diffuse axonal injury, high deprivation index). The identified profiles were also associated with long-term cognitive outcomes and cognitive recovery, whereas the traditional classification criteria were not. However, the traditional classification criteria demonstrated stronger associations with healthcare referrals. Overall, distinct neuropsychological profiles of acute pediatric TBI were identified, and the profiles were associated with injury characteristics and long-term cognitive outcomes, thus allowing clinicians to use a patients’ inpatient profiles to tailor clinical-trials, treatments, and education regarding TBI recovery
