Journals of Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM)
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Simulation Study of n-type Double-Gate Nano-MOSFET with Arbitrary Wafer Orientations and Any Channel Materials
Get PDFIn this paper, the technique for quantum mechanically simulating a double-gate (DG) nano-MOSFET with arbitrarily oriented wafer directions and various channel materials is presented. The problem with arbitrarily oriented wafer directions and any channel materials is that the misalignment of principal axes of conduction bands ellipsoids and devices axes causes the matrix and so effective mass equation (EME) become cumbersome to solve. This drawback is overcome by transforming the main axes of the conduction band ellipsoids of the nano-MOSFET to align properly with the device axes, that are transport, confinement and width directions. This transformation technique is discussed theoretically, generally and then simulated specifically for a 10 nm n-type DG nano-MOSFET designed using Silicon (Si) wafer orientation of (100) direction. Two current-voltage (I-V) equations are derived and the calculated on-state current value, are compared with theoretically simulated data 2.500x103 µA/µm. The first and second current model produce of 2.182x103 µA/µm and 2.548x103 µA/µm, respectively. The second model is more accurate since it treats the electron flow as ballistic. This transformation technique enables device engineers to use any device simulator with EME model to study the carriers transport properties of MOSFET with any channel materials (Si, Ge and GaAs) and arbitrary wafer orientations ((100), (110) and (111)). This paper focuses specifically on Si with (100) wafer
Mini Review of RF Magnetron Sputtering for Aluminum Nitride Thin Film Deposition: Scale-Up Challenges and Perspectives
Get PDFRadio Frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering is a pivotal technique in thin-film deposition, renowned for its versatility and precision in producing high-quality crystalline films. This method excels in delivering uniform film deposition, high reproducibility, and adaptability for both insulating and conductive materials. Among the materials deposited using RF magnetron sputtering, Aluminum Nitride (AlN) has gained attention due to its wide bandgap, high thermal conductivity, and excellent breakdown voltage. Over the years, researchers have successfully deposited c-axis-oriented AlN films with thicknesses ranging from 8 nm to 2.75 µm, typically on small wafers (2–4 inches) at temperatures up to 900 °C. This mini-review explores the fundamentals, working principles, and application of RF magnetron sputtering for AlN thin film deposition. The novelty lies in synthesizing existing literature on RF magnetron sputtering for AlN deposition and systematically linking key sputtering parameters (RF power, working pressure, gas flow ratio, substrate temperature, target-to-substrate distance, and post-annealing) to film properties, while highlighting the challenges of scaling up to larger wafers. These insights offer a practical reference for optimizing AlN deposition at larger scales
Himpunan Hadith Tibb Al-Nabawi dan Isu-Isu Berkaitan Perawatan Nabawi di Malaysia
Get PDFTibb al-Nabawi atau turut merujuk kepada perubatan Islam ialah kaedah perubatan yang menjadi amalan Rasulullah melalui rujukan terhadap al-Quran dan hadis Nabawi. Perubatan nabawi melibatkan ruqyah, bahan-bahan seperti air dan herba serta bekam dan hendaklah dilakukan mengikut syariat Islam. Oleh itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk menghimpunkan hadis-hadis berkaitan dengan tibb al-Nabawi serta menelusuri isu-isu yang berlaku mengenai pelaksanaan perubatan nabawi dalam konteks Malaysia. Kajian kualitatif ini menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan kitab hadis kutub sittah sebagai kaedah pengumpulan data utama. Manakala isu pelaksanaan perawatan nabawi di Malaysia dianalisis daripada kajian lepas. Dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa sebanyak 20 buah hadis dipilih berkaitan tibb al-nabawi. Dan terdapat isu amalan perawatan nabawi di Malaysia iaitu penyelewengan ayat al-Quran dan hadis, integriti perawat dan pusat perubatan Islam. Kaedah perawatan nabawi perlu diambil perhatian oleh masyarakat Islam dan isu yang timbul berkaitan perawatan di Malaysia perlu ditangani dengan penuh hikmah
Quranic Tadabbur on Gus Baha\u27s Sermons in the Santri Gayeng YouTube Channel: Critical Discourse Analysis
No full textQuranic tadabbur is the practice of deeply reflecting on the meanings and messages of the Qur’an in order to understand and apply its guidance in daily life, as encouraged by Allah in Surah Muhammad (47:24), which calls believers to contemplate the verses of the Qur’an. In the context of Indonesia, the tadabbur became the content of sermons. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the construction of tolerance discourse in the sermons of Gus Baha delivered through the Santri Gayeng YouTube channel, employing Norman Fairclough\u27s model of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The research is grounded in the urgency of promoting inclusive religious narratives within Indonesia\u27s pluralistic society and the growing influence of digital Islamic preaching. A qualitative approach was employed, utilizing transcription, participatory observation, and content analysis of sermon videos that focused on the theme of tolerance. The findings reveal that Gus Baha constructs tolerance discourse through narrative linguistic strategies, the use of local language, and a grounded and reflective rhetorical approach. His sermons transcend conveying theological doctrine by fostering a collective awareness of the importance of peaceful coexistence in diversity. The finding of this research lies in its exposition of how Gus Baha\u27s digital sermons serve not only as a medium of religious transmission but also as a discursive arena that shapes moderate, peaceful, and context-sensitive Islamic perspectives. The implications indicate the substantial potential of digital da\u27wah rooted in local wisdom to strengthen religious tolerance and moderation amid the increasing complexity of the digital public spher
Effect of SiO2 Nanoparticle in Low-Temperature Molten Salts as Heat Transfer Fluid for Heat Recovery System
Get PDFThe utilization of low-temperature molten salts as heat transfer fluids in heat recovery systems has gained significant attention due to their advantageous physical and thermal properties. The relatively low thermal conductivity of molten salts limits their overall efficiency in transferring heat. The objective of this research to study the characteristic and thermal properties of quaternary molten with addition of SIO2 nanoparticle. Quaternary molten salt mixture of substance are LiNO3, KNO3, Ca(NO3)2, NaNO3 with combination of nanoparticle, SiO2 were used. Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) testing were conducted. Based on the results and data discussion, the best composition of SiO2 nanoparticles in the quaternary molten salt for heat transfer fluid and heat storage was determined. Sample B exhibited the lowest melting point of 87.3℃, sample B had the highest heat capacity of 1.6 J/K.g, and sample C demonstrated the best thermal stability with the lowest mass change of -0.538917mg. Therefore, it can be concluded that Sample B had the optimal composition of SiO2 in the quaternary molten salt, providing a low melting point and high heat capacity
Performance Investigation of Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) Algorithm for Flexible Job-shop Scheduling Problem (FJSP)
Get PDFFlexible Job-Shop Scheduling Problem (FJSP) allows a job to be processed on any machine of a set of alternative machines. Therefore, it acts as an extension of the classical Job-Shop Scheduling Problem (JSP). The complexity is portrayed by dealing with both routing and scheduling sub-problems. Major weakness of classical Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm is shown by trapping in local optimum easily during dealing with complicated multimodal problems such as FJSP despite the proof of ABC’s capability to solve FJSP [1], [2]. Therefore, this study aims to study the nature of ABC algorithm. At the same time, the best parameter setting is investigated by using factorial experiment. Brandimarte benchmark (MK01 – MK10) was adopted in the study for the best makespan. The results indicate that a limit value of 5 provides the lowest average makespan for 70% of the benchmark instances. Additionally, selecting MCN = 1000 reduces computational time by approximately 50% while maintaining comparable solution quality
On-Device Training Based Anomaly Detection Platform
Get PDFAnomaly Detection (AD) identifies issues in monitored systems, allowing timely responses. It\u27s used in areas like industrial systems, healthcare, and networks. Among various AD methods, Autoencoder (AE)-based models are popular for their unsupervised training, which doesn’t require labeled data. This study proposes a full platform that implements AE-based AD on tiny devices and tests it on motor operating noise. The hardware includes two microcontroller units (MCUs) responsible for (1) real-time data acquisition and processing, (2) AE training and threshold setting, and (3) running inference for anomaly alerts. To boost training speed, the platform supports both Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) and Adaptive Moment Estimation (Adam). The algorithm uses real-time data instead of pre-collected data to improve practical performance. Tests show the platform effectively trains on normal motor noise and accurately sets the anomaly threshold. It achieves a real-time anomaly detection accuracy of 100%. The system runs fully automatically, making it suitable for integration into edge AIoT systems
An Agent-Based Decision Fusion Regression Model for Analyzing Cyberspace Users\u27 Engagement in Informatics Blogs
Get PDFDirect interactive communication technology, called a blog, enables users to post comments and share links to maintain interaction with fellow users. In modern information systems, a blog platform allows individuals or groups to write their opinions on a specific topic. Broad informatics blogs provide spaces for people to share ideas an exchange opinions on various issues. Driven informatics-based learning methods are used to detect and analyze users tendencies in these blog posts. Blog features exhibit a direct correlation with the extend to which bloggers adhere to both national cultural patterns and social and political developments in their respective countries. This paper proposes an agent-based decision fusion regression (ADFR) model for analyzing cyberspace users engagement in blog posts. The ADFR model is tested using the BlogFeedback dataset, which has been used in several previous research studies. The model results are compared with three machine learning algorithms: Linear Regression (LR), Decision Tree (c4.5), and Decision Forest (DF) for performing blog post analysis tasks. The R2 score reaches 0.0695 with ADFR, while DT shows only 0.0002, DF reveals 0.0104, and LR demonstrates 0.0544 in blog comment the highest level of predictive power and outstanding generalization potential
Effect of Graphene on Pineapple Leaf Fibre (PALF)—Fiberglass Polymer Composite for Aerospace Application
Get PDFThis study investigates the impact of incorporating graphene into a hybrid composite of pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) and fibreglass, specifically targeting aerospace applications. PALF, a natural and sustainable fibre, offers desirable mechanical properties but faces limitations in tensile and flexural strength, moisture resistance, and bonding efficiency with polymer matrices. To overcome these challenges, graphene and fibreglass are introduced as reinforcements. Graphene, known for its exceptional tensile strength, flexibility, and thermal conductivity, enhances the composite\u27s mechanical properties, while fibreglass provides additional structural integrity due to its lightweight and durability. A sandwich layup method was employed for composite fabrication, and comprehensive mechanical testing, including tensile, flexural, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses, was conducted to evaluate their performance. Results from the tensile tests consistently demonstrated significant improvements in maximum stress, breaking stress, and strain as graphene content increased from 1% to 4%. For flexural tests, while the trends were less consistent across all percentages, a notable increase in maximum stress was observed at 4% graphene oxide. SEM analysis further revealed enhanced fibre-matrix interfacial bonding, with fibre breakage observed more frequently than pullout, particularly with increased graphene content, indicating a tougher and more resilient interface. This research highlights the significant potential of PALF/graphene/fibreglass composites as sustainable alternatives for advanced aerospace materials, offering eco-friendly and high-performance solutions capable of meeting demanding structural requirements
A Review on Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Bridging Chemical Synthesis Strategies to Emerging Applications
Get PDFMetal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) exhibit size-dependent properties that drive advances in catalysis, energy storage, sensing, remediation, and biomedicine. Chemical synthesis routes allow precise control over structure, composition, and crystallinity, typically yielding 5–100 nm particles. Sol-gel offers molecular-level mixing and uniformity; hydrothermal/solvothermal methods operate at 100–250 °C and 1–10 MPa; thermal decomposition yields highly crystalline oxides at 300–750 °C; and microwave-assisted synthesis achieves uniform nanoparticles within minutes. Unlike prior reviews that focus separately on methods or applications, this article uniquely bridges synthesis strategies with application-driven property requirements, mapping how reaction conditions govern morphology, defect states, and surface reactivity. Representative case studies highlight enhanced catalytic activity from high surface areas, improved Li-ion battery cycling stability, ppm-level gas sensing, pollutant degradation via photocatalysis, and targeted drug delivery using functionalized oxides. Finally, we critically assess challenges in scalability, reproducibility, and biocompatibility, and outline future directions in hybrid architectures and continuous-flow synthesis