Osaka Aoyama University: Repository / 大阪青山大学学術情報リポジトリ
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Behavior of minerals and arsenic in dried Hijiki, Sargassum fusiforme
Get PDF40019018210Dried Hijiki, Sargassum fusiforme, is rich in nutritionally beneficial minerals such as calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn). The concentration of arsenic (As) in Hijiki is also found to be higher than that in most other classes of seaweeds. Japanese people traditionally had eaten Hijiki since ancient times, thus their biological behavior is a subject to be elucidated.
We incubated water-swollen Hijiki in the presence of digestive enzymes (pepsin and pancreatin) in vitro, and studied time courses of the dissolution of arsenic (As) into water. The amount of arsenic dissolved by the digestive enzymes was not so high; thus the augmentation of arsenic absorption via the digestive tract by the digestive enzymes is not likely. When Hijiki is ingested, the arsenic retained in Hijiki after water-soaking would be mostly excreted into the feces.
The other minerals loosed by water-soaking as the pre-cooking process could be supplied by co-cooking with several food stuffs, as found in Japan’s traditional dishes.
The concentrations of various minerals in members of several classes used as foodstuffs, such as Phaeophyceae (brown algae), Rhodophyceae (red algae), Chlorophyceae (green algae), Ulvophyceare and Cyanophyceae (blue green algae) were referred.departmental bulletin pape
Influence of physical activity in preschool children on collision avoidance behaviors and the life activity
Get PDF40019018213We sought to clarify the effects of childcare with high physical activity on the evasion action indices of collision avoidance behaviors as well as on the daily activity indices in two- to four-year-old children.
A total of 79 subjects, 16 two-year-old, 39 three-year-old, and 24 four-year-old children, were divided into two groups by the period of high activity childcare: 4 months or shorter (short group) and 11 months or longer (long group). The daily activity indices, i.e., total energy consumption, activity mass, number of steps, and activity time were
monitored by a life activity recorder. The evasion action indices, i.e., average discernment time, shortest discernment time and collision occurrence rate, were measured with the evasion action measuring machine we had developed. The
jumping reaction time was measured by an apparatus for measuring the jumping reaction time in response to a light stimulus.
To clarify the difference between the short and long groups, 10 pairs of age-matching boys and 11 pairs of age-matching girls were selected from the two groups.
To study the age effect on the evasion action indices, regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the age in months and each evasion action index.
Among the daily activity indices, the total energy consumption, activity mass, and number of steps were significantly higher in boys of the long group than those of the short group. The activity time was longer in boys of the long group, but the difference was not statistically significant. As to the girls, the tendency observed in the boys was seen, but it was not so clear. As for the evasion action indices, the average discernment time and the shortest discernment time were shorter and the collision occurrence rate was lower in the long group than in the short group. The difference in the collision occurrence rate in boys was only significant, and the other indicators did not differ significantly between the two groups. The jumping reaction time was shorter in the long group than in the short group in both sexes, but the differences were not significant.
In regression analysis, significant downward leaning of the regression line for the collision occurrence rate was seen in boys and girls of both groups. In the long group, the collision occurrence rate for relatively young subjects was low and the average discernment time and shortest discernment time were also short, showing little change by aging. 0n the other hand,each index in the short group for relatively young subjects was high,but decreased to the level of the long group with aging.
These results suggest that childcare with high physical activity may contribute to the increased daily life activity and improved evasion action indices. It is necessary to continue the study further to make this influence clearer.departmental bulletin pape
Development of a curriculum to teach two different subjects jointly and interactively in elementary schools: a proposal of combination of science and Japanese lessons
Get PDF40019018211Camouflage, an interesting biological phenomenon, is observed in nature. In a 3rd year’s textbook of science for elementary schools, camouflage in insects for the defense purpose is poorly dealt with. On the other hand, a textbook of Japanese of the same series gives rich descriptions on this subject, although little experimental evidence that would be obtainable in the field work is given. To fill these contradictions and deficiency gaps, the present work attempted to propose a curriculum named “Ninjas” in nature, to combine the science and Japanese subjects as follows: The 1st lesson is to look for insects in the field as a science class, 2nd to learn Japanese wording for camouflage in “Kakusi-e” in nature, 3rd to observe the ecology of insects and other creatures in the field, 4th to pay attention to hiding colors such as the vertical stripe pattern of the tiger and the mimicry of the octopus seen in nature just like Ninjas in nature, and 5th to make presentation and the summarization.departmental bulletin pape
A workshop report: application of rakugo expressions in the field of education
Get PDF40019018218Rakugo (classical comic story telling) entails psychological drama about the lives of ordinary people and it often includes play on words. The most important aspect in performing rakugo is the philosophy on which your act of story telling is based. In other words, your story should not only be humorous, but also convey your concept about the nature of human beings. In my view, the story should leave a pleasant and meaningful aftertaste in the listener’s mind. Along this line of approach, rakugo may develop into an ideal educational text material to foster total human capacity including communicative, linguistic, and descriptive capabilities of students when adopted as a subject in classrooms. The present paper describes what I have experimentally conducted in various workshops at primary, junior high, and senior high schools in and around Osaka and Kyoto in an attempt to verify my above view.departmental bulletin pape
Factor analysis of the skills in estimating approximate foodstuff weights
Get PDF40019018214To improve the skills of students in estimating approximate foodstuff weights, we analyzed data collected from a total number of 151 students (44 male and 107 female) enrolled in the years of H18, H19, and H20.
The students filled out a survey from with and without two intervention procedures (Intervention 1 and Intervention 2) during the Applied Nutrition Practice courses Ⅰ and Ⅱ, respectively. In Intervention 1, one of the two student groups was asked to memorize the rough estimate of each foodstuff weight and the other group was only given an explanation about the foodstuff, but was not asked to memorize the rough weight estimate. In Intervention 2, in order to ascertain whether the students gain the ability to estimate foodstuff weights through actions, we first allowed them to fill out the
survey from while they looked at the foodstuffs and then calculate the differences between estimated and measured weights. Then, the students calculated the nutritive values by using the measured and estimated values. They realized that large errors in the nutritive values would result if they failed to estimate the foodstuff weight correctly. At the start of Intervention 1, the rate of estimating the foodstuff weight correctly was 14.0±9.2% while, at the end of Intervention 1, it was 34.6±22.0%. After Intervention 1, the rate of correct answers in the learning group was significantly high (p<0.001). However, the rate of correct answers at the third grade was lower than at the second grade for every class of students. It was especially lowered in the students enrolled in the years of H18 (memorizing group), but it was higher than in the other classes (p<0.001). When the rate of correct answers was compared between before and after Intervention 2, the latter significantly rose (p<0.001). This shows that the action of actually weighing the foodstuffs contributed to correct estimates. Studies of the relation between the rate of correct answers and lifestyle factors suggested that the student’s scholastic grade, gender, interest in dieting seem to be involved.departmental bulletin pape
Studies on sanitary conditions in workplaces handling foods (part 1) Airborne microbes and captured insects in a convenience store in Osaka Prefecture
Get PDF40019018217In winter (January) and summer (June), airborne bacteria and fungi were examined at a convenience store in the urban district of Osaka Prefecture. Fungi and common bacteria were detected in winter, and fungi, common bacteria and Escherichia coli were detected in summer.
At the same time, insects trapped in the convenience store in a period of about one week were examined for food-poisoning bacteria on their body surface. No insects were trapped in winter, while ants, Tenebrionidae bugs, moth flies and booklice were trapped in summer. Common bacteria were detected on Tenebrionidae bugs and ants: however,
Escherichia coli, other Escherichia-group bacteria and Salmonella enteritidis were not detected on these insects.
These results suggest that airborne microbes were fairly few, but insects invading from the outside might contaminate food merchandise in this convenience store.departmental bulletin pape
Properties of gliadin in chloroform-methanol extracts of wheat flour
Get PDF40019018215Proteins from wheat flour were extracted with a chloroform-methanol mixture, 70% ethanol, 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 1% SDS containing mercaptoethanol sequentially.. About 29% of the total amount of flour protein was extracted with the chloroform-methanol (2:1).mixture. The proteins in the extract were confirmed to be mainly gliadin by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. When freeze-dried gliadin was suspended in the chloroform-methanol mixture, about 63% of the gliadin was dissolved in this solvent. High hydrophobicity of gliadin suggests that this property may contribute to the bread-making properties of flour.departmental bulletin pape
Scientific education from early childhood: prize the "why and/or how" questions those in early childhood would raise in daily life
Get PDF40019018216Curious young children often ask why and how questions whenever they encounter find strange phenomena in nature in their eyes. Teachers in a nursery school or kindergarten should take up those questions seriously and try to give them as best answers as possible, for raising questions is very important for the young children and also for scientific education to as an early start to science. Those children, once given answers to their questions, will find more wonders in their surroundings for and get interested in science. When answering their questions, experiments for demonstration and explanations are very effective. Also, their questions may lead to unexpected discoveries for the teachers. In this report, several instances of such question and answers are given.departmental bulletin pape
Effects of pre-meal and post-meal mild physical exercises on blood glucose level
Get PDF40019018212The aim of this study is to compare changes in blood glucose level in response to a mild physical exercise for 25 minutes either in the fasted state or 30 minutes after a standardized meal.
Seven healthy university students (2 males and 5 females, 21 years of age) were studied in a crossover design to compare three conditions: no exercise (control), pre-meal and post-meal exercises. The three trials conducted on separate days consisted of a rest day when the subjects consumed the standardized meal without any physical activity and two exercise days when they undertook slow-paced walking for 25 minutes immediately before or 30 minutes after the meal. Blood glucose was determined immediately before and after the exercise, before and 30, 60,120 and 180 min after the meal.
Slow-paced walking for 25 minutes shortly after the meal resulted in lowering the blood glucose level at the end of physical exercise compared to blood glucose level immediately before the exercise or at the same time point on the rest day. However, there was no change in blood glucose level when the subjects undertook the exercise in the fasted state.
Post-meal mild physical activity may be more effective in depressing the hyperglycemic impact of the meal compared with pre-meal activity.departmental bulletin pape
Development of an analyzing system for collision avoidance behaviors and the preliminary evaluation using the new system
Get PDF40017399081To clarify causes of collisions in preschool- and school- aged children, we developed a prototype system which reproduced situations of collision with a ball. In order to examine the safety of the system, we first evaluated collision avoidance behaviors in 11 four-year-old and 10 five-year-old kindergarteners and 2 eight-year-old elementary schoolchildren.
No accident such as falling occurred during the measurement indicating the safety of the system. There ware no age differences in reaction time at low speed although age and individual differences in the frequency of contact with the ball were detected. The reaction time shortened as the ball speed increased. The minimum reaction time correlated with the whole body and hand reaction times.
These results suggested that our system was highly safe and would enable us to analyze collision avoidance behaviors. (accepted. Nov. 30, 2009)departmental bulletin pape