Arqueología de la Arquitectura (E-Journal)
Not a member yet
309 research outputs found
Sort by
L'archeologia dell'architettura in Italia nell'ultimo quinquennio (1997-2001)
Full text linkThe author makes a summary on the situation of Building Archaeology in Italy from the 1990s onwards, when the creation of the journal “Archeologia dell’architettura” and several Congresses made it possible for different groups of investigators to share their strategies and experience, both regarding stratigraphic readings and their relationship to restoration and the study of buildings techniques, dimensional chronology and archaeometry. A key argument in this debate has been the application of this set of methods to architectural restoration, and experimentation on the static equilibrium sequence, degradation and wall coating as crucial instruments in a correct restoration process. This debate has given lesser focus to the main goal of the archaeologist: to obtain historical information from stratigraphic reconstructions, for which becomes in turn necessary to prepare repertoires and undertake extensive studies, relate archaeology to agrarian structures and landscape transformations as well as with social and economic structures. Archaeologists must work on this issue on the following years, without leaving aside the intimate relationship established with architectural restoration, to preserve the building patrimony in a context which should promote cultural multicentralism, the exchange of ideas and a recovery of civil society.Il contributo delinea un bilancio dell'Archeologia dell'architettura in Italia a partire dalla metà degli anni '90 del XX secolo, quando alcuni convegni e la neonata rivista "Archeologia dell'Architettura", misero a confronto le esperienze maturate in più centri di ricerca, che riguardavano non solo l’analisi stratigrafica delle murature il suo rapporto con il Restauro, ma anche allo studio delle tecniche costruttive, della mensiocronologia e dell’archeometria. Da questo punto di vista sono da segnalare da un lato le sperimentazioni nella costruzione delle sequenze degli equilibri statici, del degrado, degli intonaci e degli orizzontamenti lignei, dall'altro le proposte di metodologie di restauro fondate sull'analisi stratigrafica. Questo impegno ha però portato a trascurare l’obiettivo prioritario dell’archeologo: recuperare dalle sequenze di un edificio informazioni storiche, per le quali servono anzitutto corpora e censimenti esaustivi, e studi che pongano in relazione le architetture con l’organizzazione agraria, le trasformazioni dei paesaggi antropici, le trasformazioni economiche e sociali. Ed è su questo aspetto che converrà puntare nei prossimi anni, almeno da parte degli archeologi, senza per questo sminuire o vanificare il rapporto privilegiato che si è instaurato negli anni ‘90 con il Restauro Architettonico, con l'obiettivo comune di salvaguardare il patrimonio architettonico in una congiuntura nella quale sembra concluso un ciclo storico che aveva a cuore lo studio e la tutela del passato, attraverso il policentrismo culturale, la fervida circolazione delle idee, un saldo collegamento con la società civile
Anamnesis de una estructura. La Catedral de Vitoria entre los siglos XII y XX
Full text linkThe Cathedral of Vitoria is a building with an extended historical life. We have attempted to produce a chronological sequence of the interventions and architectural “projects” since the beginning of the construction of the church on the early 13th century to the last restorations during the 1960s. This study attempts to fill a void on the available information, crucial for the evaluation of safety and durability issues on the Cathedral. The “anamnesis” practiced on the monument is one of the cornerstones of the method we have chosen for restoration, not only regarding the structural aspects, but regarding the problems of functional interpretation and symbolic content as well.
This historical reading the key of structural analysis is what we intend to present: the extraction of the historical building sequence that leads to the current situation of the building, discriminating the different moments of the architectural project, phases of building growth and repair interventions on the structure that comment on or contradict among themselves, to result in the form that we witness now.
We use that sequence to evaluate, albeit partially, the safety status of the structure, and to build a working hypothesis for the structural aspects of the restoration tasks.La Catedral de Vitoria es un edificio con una larga vida histórica, llena de acontecimientos constructivos que han venido interesando su comportamiento como estructura construida. Ha sido un objetivo primordial del Plan Director evaluar las sucesivas consecuencias de todos esos acontecimientos y explicar su concatenación. Todo ello se ha investigado durante su redacción, consiguiendo una secuencia cronológica en la que se relaciona el conjunto de intervenciones y de "proyectos" arquitectónicos que se suceden desde el comienzo de la construcción de la iglesia en los inicios del siglo XIII hasta sus últimas restauraciones en los años 60 del siglo XX. Este estudio histórico tiene una aplicación directa en la interpretación de los problemas estructurales que presenta el edificio y viene a llenar un vacío de información fundamental para la evaluación de la seguridad y perdurabilidad actuales de la Catedral.
Esa historia de la Catedral viene a ser la recuperación del "historial médico" de un enfermo y puede dar muchas claves sobre los problemas estructurales que en otros apartados del mismo se detallan. La "anamnesis" practicada sobre el monumento es una de las "piedras de toque" del método elegido por nosotros para la restauración del conjunto catedralicio, no sólo en el tema estructural que interesa en esta ponencia sino en todos los problemas de interpretación funcional y contenido simbólico a los que hay que dar solución con las propuestas del restauración.
La lectura de esa historia constructiva en clave de análisis estructural es lo que en esta ponencia se presenta: la extracción de la secuencia histórica constructiva que conduce al estado actual del edificio, discriminando los distintos momentos de proyecto arquitectónico, fases de crecimiento constructivo del edificio e intervenciones de reparación de la estructura que se explican o contradicen unos a otros para dar como resultado la torturada forma arquitectónica que nos encontramos ahora.
A partir de esa secuencia se evalúa, en parte, el estado de seguridad remanente de la estructura, y se hace una hipótesis de trabajo para las tareas de restauración en esos aspectos estructurales
Arqueología de la Arquitectura en España
Full text linkIn this paper the author presents a general framework on the current concept of building archaeology, as well as outlining a series of proposals and areas of endeavour that the discipline will have to tackle in a near future.To this end, the analysis will focus on the formative stages of the discipline, which stemmed from the acquisition, through the 1980s, of a conceptual and methodological set taken from the Italian tradition and on how it has been applied to investigation and management of the architectural heritage of the 90s. It will specifically address the institutional, academic and administrative frameworks that have conditioned development of the aforementioned discipline up to date. Last but not least, it will deal with the uses of the information produced by archaeological investigations in architectural heritage rehabilitation and restoration interventions.En esta ponencia se traza un cuadro general sobre el concepto actual de la arqueología de la arquitectura en España, y se plantea una serie de propuestas y de elementos de reflexión que la disciplina tendrá que abordar en un próximo futuro. Para ello se analizarán las fases formativas de la disciplina como resultado de la adquisición en los años 80 de un bagaje conceptual y metodológico aprehendido de la tradición italiana, y como se ha aplicado a la situación de la investigación y la gestión del patrimonio edificado en los 90. Concretamente se prestará una atención específica a los marcos institucionales, académicos y administrativos que han condicionado hasta el momento su desarrollo. Por último, se prestará una atención particular al uso que se realiza de la información producida por las investigaciones arqueológicas en las intervenciones de rehabilitación y restauración del patrimonio edificado, analizando críticamente algunos ejemplos significativos
Ruolo e salvaguardia delle evidenze stratigrafiche nel progetto e nel cantiere di restauro
Full text linkThe report deals with the relationship between stratigraphy and architectural restoration.
After illustrating the position towards the use of stratigraphy of the main currents of opinion on restoration in Italy, the report tackles the question of authenticity and of the interventions to minimise the deterioration effects involving the stratification traces. In order to ensure the recognizability of the restoration interventions, it is proposed to conceive and carry them out as deliberately developed layers, in order to allow the subsequent reading of the sequence.To this aim tricks and procedures are illustrated.
The cases of restoration are presented (the “Chiostro delle Cucine” in St. Paul Convent in Parma, St.Marcellus Church in Feltre and St. Cosma and St.Damiano Convent in Venice), which, by means of elaborated techniques, try to combine the conservation and readability of the traces with more general tasks of the restoration.La relazione affronta diversi aspetti del rapporto tra stratigrafia e restauro architettonico.Dopo aver descritto la posizione nei confronti dell’utilizzo della stratigrafia delle principali correnti di pensiero sul restauro in Italia, vengono trattate la questione dell’autenticità e degli interventi a contrasto degli effetti di degrado che coinvolgono le tracce della stratificazione. Ai fini della riconoscibilità degli interventi di restauro, si propone di concepirli e realizzarli come strati intenzionalmente realizzati per consentire a posteriori la lettura della sequenza, e si indicano accorgimenti e modi operativi.Vengono presentati tre casi di restauro (il Chiostro delle Cucine nel Convento di S. Paolo a Parma, la chiesa di S.Marcello a Feltre, il Convento di S. Cosma e Damiano a Venezia) che, con modalità articolate, cercano di coniugare la conservazione e la leggibilità delle tracce con gli obiettivi più generali del restauro
Dalla stratigrafia all’archeologia dell’architettura. Alcune recenti esperienze del laboratorio senese
Full text linkThe author presents three lines of investigation, developed in the University of Siena by the study of some hundreds of historical buildings.
The study of depositional processes and products allows us to interpret the dynamics of depositional environments and to establish a chronological framework.This time framework is provided by different aspects of stratigraphy and allows us to interpret building activities in terms of dynamic evolving environments.
The record of buildings activities and climatic-pollution processes through historical time is held in these walls along with evidence of the different lime mortars. Our aim is to calibrate the “tools” that could be used to connect the analysis of lime mortar to building activities. Lime mortars could be considered as a perfect dating material for the historical building activities, because it must be freshly prepared every time you need it (it couldn’t be reused), even for the smallest intervention.
With the help of a computer we will obtain a rectified photography as simulation where a virtual model works as a mathematics formula. So that we would say that, with the virtual reality,we can either “rebuild” an outline of a building in a precise moment of its history, or we can examine and study all the theories related with the analysis of the material structure, and, eventually,we might understand either the theories will be right or not.L’autore presenta tre delle linee di ricerca sviluppate dal Laboratorio senese, risultato della prassi operativa su alcune centinaia di edifici. La prima è una riflessione sulla complessità del processo di formazione del deposito stratificato, sulle strategie da seguire nell’esecuzione dell’indagine e sulla necessità di un ‘progetto conoscitivo’ preliminare all’indagine stessa. La seconda linea di ricerca affronta lo studio delle malte. L’obiettivo è quello di calibrare gli strumenti che possono essere impiegati per ricorrere all’analisi delle malte nell’identificazione delle attività edilizie. Le malte possono considerarsi come il perfetto fossile guida per le attività dell’edilizia storica, poiché devono essere preparate al momento del loro utilizzo (non possono essere reimpiegate), anche per i più piccoli interventi.
L’ultima parte del contributo tratta della fotografia rettificata, grazie alla quale è possibile simulare un modello virtuale dell’edificio, “ricostruendolo” nelle sue varie fasi costruttive, e attraverso il quale studiare e verificare tutte le operazioni di analisi della struttura materiale
Veinte años después
Full text linkIn this work we present a summary of the archaeological investigations undertaken in the last twenty years on architectural heritage by the Service of Local Archaeological Heritage of the Diputación of Barcelona.We analyze both the instruments and the intervention criteria which have been followed, pointing out some of the main buildings being analyzed. Finally,we briefly explain, as meaningful examples, the interventions carried about in the church of San Quirze de Pedret (Cercs) and at the parish house of Sant Andreu de Castellnou de Bages, turned into a graveyard after its restoration.En este trabajo se presenta un balance de las investigaciones arqueológicas realizadas en el patrimonio edificado en los últimos veinte años por el Servicio de Patrimonio Arquitectónico Local de la Diputación de Barcelona. Se analizan los instrumentos y criterios de intervención que se han seguido, señalando algunos de los principales edificios que han sido analizados. Por último se expican brevemente, como ejemplos significativos, las intervenciones llevadas a cabo en la iglesia de San Quirze de Pedret (Cercs) y en la Casa parroquial de Sant Andreu de Castellnou de Bages, convertida en cementerio tras su restauración
Intereses cognoscitivos y praxis social en Arqueología de la Arquitectura
Full text linkThe paper comprises two sections. In the first we reflect on the crisis of the traditional academic model, and the powerful impact represented by reorganization of archaeological activities in the context of the new autonomous administrations in the State of Spain.This is the context in which Building Archaeology must search for its place and offer sound alternatives. In order to attain this purpose,we propose to go beyond the avowed dichotomy between historical knowledge and restoration interests and we advocate for the need of putting in place control routines which guarantee respect for all relevant dimensions of building heritage and the full implication of Building Archaeology in its knowledge, management and diffusion.
On the second part, and on the basis of concrete examples,we discuss the application of these ideas in the Basque country experience, experience which relies on the following: a) Normalization of research instruments. b) Incorporation of Building Archaeology to University curriculae. C) Creation of research programmes concerned with knowledge, management and diffusion of building heritage.La ponencia se articula en dos partes. En la primera de ellas se reflexiona sobre la crisis del modelo académico tradicional y el fuerte impacto que ha supuesto la reorganización de las actividades arqueológicas en el contexto de las nuevas administraciones autonómicas del Estado español. Este es el contexto en el que la Arqueología de la Arquitectura debe buscar su sitio y ofrecer alternativas sólidas. Para ello se propone la superación de la pretendida dicotomía entre conocimiento histórico e intereses restauradores y se defiende la necesidad de articular unas rutinas de control que garanticen el respeto a todas las dimensiones relevantes del patrimonio edificado y la implicación de la Arqueología de la Arquitectura en el conocimiento, gestión y difusión del mismo. En la segunda parte, recurriendo a ejemplos concretos, se expone la aplicación de estas ideas en la experiencia del País Vasco. Una experiencia basada en los puntos siguientes: a) Normativización de los instrumentos de investigación. b) Incorporación de la Arqueología de la Arquitectura a la docencia reglada en la Universidad. c) Creación de programas de investigación implicados en el conocimiento, gestión y difusión del patrimonio edificado
Mentalità stratigrafica e progetti per la conoscenza e per la conservazione
Full text linkThe present work is made to show a didactic experience acquired by the authors at the Universities of Milan and Brescia (Italy) in the sphere of teaching Architectural Restoration. The peculiar aspect of research is the attempt to apply not only the procedures of archeological stratigraphy but also the “stratigraphical mentality” to the project of conservation and re-use of architecture. Introducing and using, for example, new models of archeological stratigraphy lecture of the buildings expressed for the requirements of conservation and re-use, in proposing the new index-codes of Phases Intersides and Associated Stratigraphical Unity. The authors finally put forward some comments about the so called “archaological” Restoration.Gli autori presentano i risultati più significativi di una ricerca svolta presso le Università di Milano e di Brescia, nell’ambito dei corsi di Restauro architettonico. Fra i principali obiettivi dello studio e delle esperienze didattiche correlate vi è il tentativo non solo di utilizzare le procedure dell’archeologia stratigrafica, per quanto utile e possibile, nella complessa serie di operazioni che segna la redazione di un progetto di conservazione e di riuso, ma di trasferirvi anche quella che si può definire come “mentalità stratigrafica”. In particolare considerando nuovi codici, quali le Interfacce di Fase e le Unità Stratigrafiche Associate. A corredo di queste argomentazioni vengono anche svolte alcune considerazioni in merito al cosiddetto “Restauro archeologico
Protagonismo de las Administraciones públicas en el conocimiento real del Patrimonio Edificado
Full text linkKnowledge of the past, history, will always be mediated through the filter of subjective interpretation that every researcher necessarily interposes.Therefore, there is a definite need for methodological sets and analytical tools, in accordance with scientific method, able to minimize the unavoidable subjective components of research results. Building Archaeology proves to be a rigorous analytical tool for the acquisition of said knowledge and a necessary one for investigation of built reality. Knowledge of this discipline and its encouragement on the part of the agents responsible for documentation and conservation of building heritage (Administrations and technicians) will be more and more necessary from now onwards. I advocate for the need of Public Administrations requiring ex officio the systematic application of scientific method on the study and documentation of building heritage, prompting the personalized construction of “Historic-building Biographies” of catalogued goods. I also advocate for convergence of the aforementioned discipline with the domain of the remaining agents involved with heritage: architects, restorers, specialized technicians, managers and end users making it a more proximate, democratic and visible discipline.El conocimiento del pasado, de la historia, siempre se verá mediatizado por el filtro de la interpretación subjetiva que cada investigador inevitablemente intercala. En consecuencia, la necesidad de metodologías e instrumentos de análisis, en aplicación del método científico, capaces de minimizar los inevitables componentes subjetivos imbricados en los resultados de las investigaciones se hace, por lo tanto, perentoria. La Arqueología de la Arquitectura se revela como un instrumento de análisis riguroso para la obtención este conocimiento e imprescindible para la investigación sobre la realidad construida. El conocimiento de esta Disciplina y su potenciación por parte de los agentes responsables de la documentación y conservación del Patrimonio Construido (Administraciones y técnicos), será a partir de ahora cada vez más necesaria. Reivindico la necesidad de que las Administraciones públicas exijan de oficio, la aplicación sistemática del método científico en el estudio y documentación de aquél, instaurando la elaboración personalizada de “Biografías histórico-constructivas” sobre cada uno de los Bienes catalogados. Asimismo reclamo el acercamiento de aquella Disciplina al ámbito de los demás agentes manipuladores del Patrimonio: Arquitectos, Restauradores, Técnicos especialistas, Gestores y Usuarios, haciéndola más próxima, más democrática, más evidente