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Sõda ja kultuuriline pööre [War and cultural turn]
No full textThe primary argument of this article is that the Estonian “cultural turn” to modernity was already occurring prior to World War I, which had the effect of sharpening its contours and intensifying viewpoints. A complex, many-faceted conjunction of changes, the cultural turn was articulated and carried by the Young Estonia movement of writers and intellectuals, whose birth years clustered around the years 1883 and 1889. Around 1905, Young Estonia’s clarion call for “more culture, more European culture” was issued by poet Gustav Suits in a context of accelerating social changes, including widespread urbanization, and a shift of orientation from German to French and Finnish cultural models. Young Estonia, which explicitly stressed the value of “the young”, issued a protest against limited notions of folk culture, and – as also argued in this article – opened the horizons for more probing public engagement with connections between culture and nation. Young Estonia’s infl uence included a critical problematic around the renewal of the Estonian language, as well as an emphasis on the aesthetics of the book. Particular emphasis is placed in this article on the analysis of the corpus of texts in the short-lived publication Vaba Sõna (The Free Word,1914–1916), where there was intense discussion of culture and nationalism, and where one of the most important fi gures was historian Hans Kruus; these exchanges were one of the preparatory factors for moving the question of autonomy into the centre of Estonian politics. As distinct from the welter of meanings att ached in recent years to the umbrella term “cultural turn”, to the point where the term 75 means all and nothing, this article redefi nes the term as a new quality in culture, a discursive change that results from the summation of a series of innovations; in Estonia this process culminated in the years between Young Estonia’s maturity and 1917. While the consequences of World War I for European culture have been analyzed in terms of destruction, catastrophe, and catharsis, the Estonian case does not fit this pattern; for various reasons the impact of the war was more diffuse, and was the fi rst of a chain reaction of events: the Russian Revolution of 1917, the declaration of the Estonian independence in 1918, and the War of Independence 1918–1920. In retrospect, and in relation to the events that followed it the First World War was a “forgotten war”, despite the fact that up to 100 000 Estonian men were mobilized into the Russian Army (7% of the adult male population), of whom about 10 000 fell or were lost. Paradoxically, the combination of war censorship, which muted Baltic German communication channels, and overt anti-German propaganda led the way for new currents of opinion in a more open Estonian public space. Another crucial factor in this process was journalism, which had a large impact on the acceleration and range of communication, the spread of reading and writing practices and overall cultural literacy: front-line reporting and soldiers’ letters published in newspapers contributed to a growing knowledge of geography beyond the local ken. The article concludes with the view that the First World War did not significantly impede the cultural turn (the core of Young Estonia survived the war), but sharpened the positions taken on various issues of burning interest. During the cultural turn – and as a result of it – a paradigm shift took place in Estonia: an agrarian society where most communication was oral was replaced by a modern society founded on the written word
Researching the History of EuropeanPublic Law and Constitutional Law at the end of the 20th Century andin the first decade of 21st Century: The Cooperation betweenHungarian-Finnish-Estonian Legal Scientists
No full textIf we take a look at the world map, it might seem that Estonia, Hungary and Finland are located far enough away from each other so as to exclude the opportunities for cooperation. But as our common history seems to prove, at different times it has been achievable.
The Public Chamber of the Russian Federation activityas guarantee of citizens’ constitutional rights to NGOs
No full textIn accordance with the Federal Act dated from 19.05.1995 No. 82-FZ "NonGovernmental Organisations", citizens\u27 right of association includes the right to form voluntary organisations to protect their common interests and common goals; the right to join existing NGOs or refrain from joining an NGO, as well as the right to freely leave an NGO. Establishment of NGOs contributes to the implementation of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens; that is why the matter of guarantee of the Russian citizens\u27 right to non-governmental organisations is highly topical today.
Metodoloogiline rahvusriiklus ja selle kriitika
No full textThe article discusses the development of methodological nationalism in social sciences, its criticisms and alternatives. First, the article discusses the functions of the methodological nationalism in the development of social sciences, explains its limits and opportunities, and contrasts it to ideological nationalism. Secondly, the article gives an overview of the scholarly criticism of methodological nationalism, and outlines a systematising account of the alternatives proposed, and discusses them critically. The summarising discussion evaluates the possibilities and limits of the alternative methodological perspectives and suggests an informed methodological pluralist position
Еще об авторстве статьи «Выставка в Академии художеств за 1860–61 год», атрибутируемой Достоевскому [Revisiting the Problem of Authorship of the Article “Vystavka v akademii khudozhestv za 1860–61 god”: Should We Attribute It to Dostoyevsky?]
No full textThe present study is an inquiry into the text and context of the article “Vystavka v Akademii khudozhestv za 1860–61 god” (1861). As this article first appeared anonymously in the journal of the Dostoyevsky brothers, some Dostoyevsky scholars of the early 20th century attributed the article’s text to Fyodor Dostoyevsky. Later scholarship objected to this attribution, stressing the fact Dostoyevsky merely edited or co-authored the article’s text. In his study, Alexei Balakin reveals the true extent of Dostoyevsky’s contribution, proving that it is limited to two passages (one and a half pages)
Morality, Normativity, and Economic Development in Slovakia
No full textThis article examines debates over local economic development policies and practices in contemporary Slovakia, particularly regarding property and land development. Debates about economic development often occur in relation to economic outcomes, driven by quantitative data and empirical assessments provided by city officials or consultants. In this article, I find that such debates are more likely to be driven by normative concerns, including moral outcomes. I develop a theoretical framework to understand why policy debates occur not in purely objective terms, but the more subjective normative and moral frameworks. The analysis provides greater insight into political debates and policymaking in the postsocialist context
Euroopa Liidu identiteedi kujunemine ja roll Valgevene-suunalise välispoliitika diskursuses
No full textThe paper deals with identity articulations in foreign policy, using European Union’s (EU’s) human rights policy in Belarus as an example. Based on poststructuralist discourse analysis of formal documents, the study analyzes how does the identity of the EU define this discourse, how does this discourse reproduce the EU’s identity, and what can we say about the EU as a foreign policy actor in international relations. In the paper Belarus as a significant Other for the EU is also analyzed. The latter is a good example because of its poor human rights records and ‘dictatorship’ that is in contrast to the democratic society of the EU. The latter sees Belarus as Europe’s ‘black sheep’. This figure is also a metaphor for Belarus as the Other. Seeing Belarus as the Other makes it possible to (re)produce the EU’s own identity by identifying what the Self is not. Through human rights policy discourse, the EU confirms its self-image as the fighter for human rights and also legitimizes its actions in the eyes of the West and itself
«Шпилен зи полька»: О возможных причинах переноса премьеры комедии А. Н. Островского «Бедность не порок» в Петербургe? [“Shpilen zi pol’ka”: What Exactly Delayed the First Night of Alexander Ostrovsky’s “Bednost’ ne porok” in St. Petersburg?]
No full textThis article suggests that the delay of the first night of Alexander Ostrovsky’s comedy Bednost’ ne porok (1854) in St. Petersburg can be explained by the fact that the playwright was deeply dissatisfied with the music of Wiktor Każyński, the author of popular polkas. From what we know from Ostrovsky’s correspondence, the playwright was skeptical about Każyński’s decision to use polka tunes in the version of the comedy meant to be staged in the Alexandrinsky Theater. For Ostrovsky the very genre of the polka was deeply related to vulgarity, something Ostrovsky had always tried to avoid
И. А. Бунин-редактор: Об окончательном (каноническом) тексте повести Л. Ф. Зурова «Кадет» [Bunin the Editor: What Should be Seen as the Critical Text of Leonid Zurov’s Short Novel “Kadet”?]
No full textThe Leeds Russian Archive in the University of Leeds holds an intriguing item:a copy of the first edition of Leonid Zurov’s povest’ (short novel) “Kadet” (1928), partially edited by the writer’s older friend Ivan Bunin. How did Bunin edit the text? What did he alter and why? And what should be seen as the final—the critical—text of the povest’? The article answers these questions and also addresses the question of final authorial intent
О межъязыковых звукосмысловых соответствиях в стихах В. В. Набокова-Сирина [On Some Interlingual Sound Patterns in Vladimir Nabokov’s Poem “La Bonne Lorraine”]
No full textThis article reveals some anagrammatic patterns in Vladimir Nabokov’s poem “La Bonne Lorraine” (1924). The original Russian text of the poem has several lines that include sound clusters referring to the name of the Maid of Orleans, the heroine of the poem. This poem about Joan of Arc springs from the veryphonetics of its keyword, the sign in absentia (cf., for instance, the very first line, which alludes to the French for Joan, Jeanne: “ZHgli ANglichANe, ZHglimoiu podrugu…”)