University of Illinois at Chicago
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Investigating the Effects of Ethnic/Racial Identity on ADHD and Comorbid Psychopathology
No full textEthnic Racial Identity (ERI) reflects individuals’ beliefs and attitudes towards their ethnic-racial group and comprises of three dimensions: affirmation, resolution, and exploration (Umaña-Taylor et al., 2004). ERI has been observed to contribute to mental health outcomes; however, little is known about how ERI dimensions contribute to such outcomes among students with ADHD symptoms. The purpose of the present study is to explore the associations between ADHD symptoms, depressive symptoms, weekly alcohol consumption, and dimensions of ERI. It is hypothesized that 1) ADHD will predict depression and weekly drinking, 2) each ERI dimension will uniquely predict these outcomes, 3) ERI dimensions will uniquely moderate the association between ADHD symptoms and outcomes, and 4) we will explore if these associations vary across universities. Data was collected via a cross-sectional study of college students across eight universities in the United States. Students who identify as an ethnic racial minority (ERM) were included in the analyses. The study utilized a mixed-effects negative binomial regression with zero inflation to investigate the interactive effects between ADHD symptoms and three ERI dimensions on depressive symptoms and weekly alcohol consumption. The conditional model yielded a significant moderating effect of ERI affirmation on the association between ADHD symptoms and depressive symptoms, IRR= 0.99, p < .001, suggesting that affirmation buffers this association. Exploration and resolution dimensions did not moderate this link. However, in the zero-inflation component, ERI exploration increased the likelihood of being in the always zero group (i.e., having no depression symptoms), IRR = 1.30, p = 0.008, while ERI resolution decreased the probability, IRR = 0.40, p < .001. No associations or interactions were observed when the number of drinks consumed was the outcome. These results provide evidence that elements of ethnic racial identity can play a role in the link between ADHD and depression symptoms among college students in the U.S. (i.e., exploration, affirmation), whereas others might exacerbate that risk (i.e., resolution). These results support the utility of considering ethnic racial identity in ADHD interventions for college students. Future research should explore how these dimensions of identity shape the experience of ADHD among ERM college students
Robust Nodal Behavior in the Thermal Conductivity of Superconducting UTe2
No full textThe superconducting state of the heavy-fermion metal UTe2 has attracted considerable interest because of evidence of spin-triplet Cooper pairing and nontrivial topology. Progress on these questions requires identifying the presence or absence of nodes in the superconducting gap function and their dimension. In this article, we report a comprehensive study of the influence of disorder on the thermal transport in the superconducting state of UTe2. Through detailed measurements of the magnetic-field dependence of the thermal conductivity in the zero-temperature limit, we obtain clear evidence of the presence of point nodes in the superconducting gap for all samples with transition temperatures ranging from 1.6 to 2.1 K obtained by different synthesis methods, including a refined self-flux method. This robustness implies the presence of symmetry-imposed nodes throughout the range studied, further confirmed via disorder-dependent calculations of the thermal transport in a model with a single pair of nodes. In addition to capturing the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity up to Tc, this model provides some information about the locations of the nodes, suggesting a B1u or B2u symmetry for the superconducting order parameter. Additionally, comparing the new, ultrahigh conductivity samples to older samples reveals a crossover between a low-field and a high-field regime at a single value of the magnetic field in all samples. In the high-field regime, the thermal conductivity at different disorder levels differs from each other by a simple offset, suggesting that some simple principle determines the physics of the mixed state, a fact which may illuminate trends observed in other clean nodal superconductors.
Published by the American Physical Society
2025</p
Democracy and the “Other”: Minority Demands for Cultural Change and Whites’ Support for Undemocratic Penalties
No full textPublic memory has become a flashpoint of racial conflict as racial progressives and conservatives fight over their preferred representations of history. We draw on social identity theories of public memory and studies of public support for democratic norms to ask whether threats to progressives' and conservatives' preferred representation of historical memory produce an undemocratic backlash, with threatened groups becoming more supportive of undemocratic penalties against the agents of change. In two survey experiments, we find that if confronted with threats to public memory, racial progressives reject undemocratic penalties to a greater degree than do conservatives. Supplemental analyses show that both sides associate groups advocating for threatening changes to public memorials as un-American and therefore outsiders to the “imagined community.” Moderated mediation analysis supports that this categorization contributes to racial conservatives’ willingness to deviate from democratic principles but has no similar effect on progressives.</p
Assessment of Heterosexual-Identified Men Who Have Sex With Men and Men of Diverse Sexual Identities: Protocol for an International, Multilingual, Online, Comparative Sexuality Study
No full textAbstractBackground:Sexuality is multidimensional and complex, and involves identity development, attraction, and behavior. Heterosexual-identified men who have sex with men (H-MSM) experience sexual identity and behavior discordance, yet it is unknown how H-MSM compare to concordant heterosexual men and gay, bisexual, and queer (GBQ+) men in terms of sexuality constructs.Objective:This study aims to survey adult cisgender men in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom to gain greater insights into how demographics, identity development, attraction, behavior, technology use, relationship negotiation and communication skills, and pre-exposure prophylaxis and life satisfaction relate to each other, and then to interview H-MSM for an in-depth follow-up on survey concepts.Methods:Purposive sampling will be used to recruit men via online and offline venues. Data collection will be multifaceted and include an online questionnaire for adult cisgender men and a subsequent interview for H-MSM. The survey will be available in English, French, and Spanish. Structural equation modeling, underpinned by hegemonic masculinity and sexual script theories, will be performed to test the relationships among survey variables. Interpretive phenomenology will be employed on the qualitative data to consider how unique sociocultural factors influence the sexuality and experiences of H-MSM, allowing for similarities and differences across participants to be identified and explored.Results:Data collection began on November 26, 2024, and as of February 2025, data collection remains ongoing. We expect to conclude data collection and data cleaning by mid-summer 2025. Data analysis will begin in fall 2025. Our findings will provide a more nuanced understanding of the identity development, attraction, behavior, relationship negotiation, and technology use of H-MSM in comparison with GBQ+ men and concordant heterosexual men.Conclusions:This research aims to broaden the scope of existing literature and support advancements in interventions and knowledge to support the overall health and well-being of H-MSM. An examination of potential differences among H-MSM, concordant heterosexual men, and GBQ+ men aims to improve the understanding of H-MSM as a distinct population, without dismissing them as closeted GBQ+ men. This study aims to provide key insights into avenues for research and practice with men whose sexuality and sexual behaviors may be outside of commonly accepted norms.</p
Identifying the Most Appropriate Order for Categorical Responses
No full textNo description supplied</p
Don't Just Tick the Box: Encouraging Dialogue on Complex Animal and Human Health Issues - Role Play Simulation
No full textDon’t Just Tick the Box: Encouraging Dialogue on Complex Animal and Human Health Issues.RPS is a dynamic experiential activity in which a diverse group of stakeholders play specific roles to simulate a real-life negotiation and/or make decisions about complex social-environmental issues. During this RPS workshop, participants will play the role of a forest stakeholder (i.e., government agency, family forest landowner, outdoor recreation agent, or local organic farmer) to make decisions on the type of forest management methods and tick control methods that they would like to suggest to the local government. The RPS is a simulated negotiation in which participants will represent a role different from their real-life role.</p
Assessing and Increasing Organizational Readiness to Collaborate for Equity and Justice: An Action Research Study with a Voluntary Member-Based Professional Association
No full textDespite ongoing calls to achieve health equity by addressing the structural and social determinants of health, inequities persist and, in some ways, have worsened. Reasons are many, but largely due to centuries of unjust, unequal policies and practices stemming from social injustice and racism. If current practices were sufficient, the U.S. would not be experiencing stagnant or growing health inequalities more than 35 years after their reduction was identified as a national priority (Freudenberg et al., 2015). However, public health organizations and their workforce have the potential to fuel real social change.Professional associations across all disciplines may play many roles in change, including in public health. Associations disseminate outstanding practice, giving professionals a standard against which they can measure themselves and thereby judge if there are internal problems they need to address in their own practice or organizations (Segal, 2010). One way to achieve social change in an organization is to incorporate race equity and inclusion at every stage of work (AECF, 2022). Racial equity strategy requires the development of proactive systems and processes to maintain an organization’s focus. Strategy for achieving racial equity requires moving beyond conversation into action, thinking purposefully about integrating and sustaining racial equity work beyond singular activities, and hosting one-off events or training (Bornstein, 2021). Designing organizational strategies to achieve equity is a multi-layered, multi-faceted effort requiring courage, practice, and action to create change (Aspen Institute, 2022).In 2020-2021, the National Society for Public Health Education (SOPHE) launched a new strategic management endeavor, formulated by a 5-year strategic plan and updated mission and vision, inclusive of the Health Equity and Anti-Racism (HEAR) Task Force’s early findings to chart the course for the organization, the Board of Trustees, its members, and its Chapters. This pivot is responsive to today’s needs and the future of public health education and promotion, but the readiness for implementation to create the necessary change in practice among and within its Chapter organizations is unknown. Chapters may have the potential to adopt the assigned strategic aim, but a gap remains in how that may be accomplished and to what degree. Chapters are in a unique position to take public health education and promotion to the next level, but there are significant unknowns. Therefore, the opportunity is to explore the current state of SOPHE Chapters’ readiness and what their view of the future state should be concerning the new strategic aim. This is an opportunity to pick up where the strategic planning process ended and forge the contextually inclusive direction among SOPHE Chapters.This dissertation project used an action research approach in its design, analysis, and preparation of results using mixed and multi-methods across six cycles of look, think, and act. Key concepts of exploration, adoption, and implementation readiness were explored through the interrelatedness of key constructs, including organizational motivation, general capacity, and innovation-specific capacity, and the Principles of Collaborating for Equity and Justice. The study then leveraged the SOAR™ framework to analyze results by collaboratively determining Strengths, Opportunities, Aspirations, and Results using a strengths-based inquiry approach, and participants outlined their pathway to the future shared vision through an adapted 5-Ds of Define, Discover, Dream, Design, and Destiny.</p
Assessing Differences in Healthcare Experiences of All of Us Research Program Participants with Autoimmune Diseases Across Income Levels
No full textA poster presented at the National Conference for Undergraduate Research 2025 in Pittsburgh, PA.Using the All of Us Dataset, the goal of this research was to investigate differences in experiences in healthcare settings between income levels for participants with autoimmune disease. </p
Thermal state structure in the Tavis-Cummings model and rapid simulations in mesoscopic quantum ensembles
No full textHybrid quantum systems consisting of a collection of N spin-1/2 particles uniformly interacting with an electromagnetic field, such as one confined in a cavity, are important for the development of quantum information processors and will be useful for metrology, as well as tests of collective behavior. Such systems are often modeled by the Tavis-Cummings model, and having an accurate understanding of the thermal behaviors of this system is needed to understand their behavior in realistic environments. We quantitatively show in this work that the Dicke subspace approximation is at times invoked too readily. Specifically, we show that there is a temperature above which the degeneracies in the system become dominant and the Dicke subspace is minimally populated. This transition occurs at a lower temperature than previously considered. In such a temperature regime, the key constants of the motion are the total excitation count between the spin system and cavity and the collective angular momentum of the spin system. These enable perturbative expansions for thermal properties in terms of the energy shifts of dressed states, called Lamb shifts herein. They enable efficient numeric methods that scale in terms of the size of the spin system. Notably the runtime to obtain certain parameters of the system scales as O(N), and is thus highly efficient. These provide methods for approximating, and bounding, properties of these systems as well as characterizing the dominant population regions, including under perturbative noise. In the regime of stronger spin-spin coupling, the perturbations outweigh the expansion series terms, and inefficient methods must likely be employed, removing the computational efficiency of simulating such systems. The results in this work can also be used for related systems such as coupled-cavity arrays, cavity-mediated coupling of collective spin ensembles, and collective spin systems.
Published by the American Physical Society
2025</p
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