University of Science and Technology, Yemen (USTY): Journals / جامعة العلوم والتكنولوجي
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Well-Differentiated Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lower Lip in Aden, Yemen: A Case Report Highlighting Importance of Early Detection
Full text linkالملخص
سرطان الخلايا الحرشفية (SCC) في الشفة السفلية هو ورم خبيث نادر غالبًا ما يرتبط بعوامل الخطر مثل استخدام التبغ والتعرض المزمن لأشعة الشمس وكبت المناعة. ومع ذلك، فإن الحالات في الأفراد الذين ليس لديهم عوامل خطر تقليدية غير شائعة وتشكل تحديًا تشخيصيًا. يناقش هذا التقرير مريضًا يبلغ من العمر 52 عامًا مصابًا بسرطان الخلايا الحرشفية (SCC) في الشفة السفلية، مع تحديد التعرض المزمن لأشعة الشمس على أنه عامل الخطر الأساسي. SCC في أسفل الشفة هو ورم خبيث نادر غالبًا ما يرتبط بعوامل الخطر مثل استخدام التبغ والتعرض المزمن لأشعة الشمس وكبت المناعة. ومع ذلك، فإن الحالات في الأفراد الذين ليس لديهم عوامل خطر تقليدية أخرى غير شائعة وتشكل تحديًا تشخيصيًا. يؤكد هذا التقرير على أهمية الاكتشاف المبكر واليقظة السريرية والإدارة متعددة التخصصات في تحقيق نتائج مواتية.Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip is a rare malignancy often associated with risk factors such as tobacco use, chronic sun exposure, and immunosuppression. However, cases in individuals without traditional risk factors are uncommon and present a diagnostic challenge. This report discussed a 52-year-old patient presented with well-differentiated SCCof the lower lip. This particular case had no obvious risk factor such as tobacco use or immunosuppression apart from chronic sun exposure. However, cases in individuals without other traditional risk factors are uncommon and present a diagnostic challenge. This report emphasizes the significance of early detection, clinical vigilance, and multidisciplinary management in achieving favorable outcomes
General Anesthesia in Cardiac Surgery: A Narrative Review for Evolving Techniques and Patient-Centered Best Practices
Full text linkThis study explores advancements in general anesthesia techniques for cardiac surgery, focusing on their impact on patient safety, surgical outcomes, and alignment with modern patient-centered care. A narrative review synthesizing recent literature and clinical guidelines was conducted, highlighting innovations in anesthetic agents, monitoring technologies, and perioperative strategies.
Methods: Sources included clinical studies, systematic reviews, and expert consensus reports relevant to adult cardiac surgery. The review emphasized induction and maintenance techniques, perioperative concerns, and the effects of anesthesia on patient outcomes, with attention to high-risk groups.
Results: Induction agents such as propofol and etomidate are tailored to cardiovascular status, while maintenance with inhalational agents (isoflurane, sevoflurane) or TIVA demonstrates myocardial protection and reduced complications. Advanced monitoring tools like transesophageal echocardiography and cerebral oximetry enhance hemodynamic management. Perioperative innovations, including multimodal analgesia and fast-track protocols, support enhanced recovery. TIVA reduces postoperative cognitive dysfunction, particularly in elderly patients, and volatile agents provide myocardial protection.
Conclusion: Advancements in anesthetic pharmacology, monitoring, and perioperative strategies improve cardiac surgery outcomes by minimizing complications, optimizing recovery, and enhancing patient safety. Further research is warranted to refine these approaches for broader implementation in diverse patient populations
Is there a Correlation between the Size of the Fontanelles and the Maternal Profiles? : A cross-sectional Study in Central Sudan
Full text linkBackground: Variations in the size of fontanelles are studied in correlation with many variables such as regional location, gestational age, gender and maternal ethnicity.
Objective: This study attempted to shed light on the relationship between maternal and pregnancy profiles with the size of the fontanelles in newborn Sudanese children in the State of Gezira, Central Sudan.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Wad Madani Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, included 400 babies and their mothers. The collected data included maternal personal data and medical histories besides fontanelles measurement. Reports about the fontanelles were taken twelve hours after birth of the newborn. The Popich and Smith methods in which the baby was in calm state and held in upright position were used to measure the fontanelle size. Fontanelles were demarcated by the researcher and the measurement was taken using a plastic tape. T-tests and one-way ANOVA were employed for data analysis.
Results: The anterior fontanelle (AF), and posterior fontanelle (PF) were present and patent in the entire babies with a mean size of AF (2.09±0.49 cm), and PF (1.7±0.34 cm). The PF size displayed variations in association with maternal comorbid diseases and residency compared to AF. There was no statistically significant correlation between fontanelle size and maternal age (P-value 0.73) (P-value 0.06) and parity (P-value 0.94) (P-value0.89), respectively.
Conclusion: size AF and PF among an apparently healthy Sudanese newborn falls within the same global range. Variations were detected in the size of the PF in correlation with maternal residence and maternal comorbidity
Knowledge and Perceptions of Analgesic Misuse Risks Among Patients in Taiz, Yemen: A Survey-Based Study
Full text linkBackground: Pain relief medications known as analgesics do not influence mental awareness during treatment. The routine application of many types of analgesics creates notable health threats for users.
Objective: This research explores the patterns of analgesic utilization as well as the participants\u27 knowledge of medicine side effects and pain management practices in a sample of 60 people.
Method: Cross-sectional research was conducted including sixty patients from Taiz City, Yemen. Participants were selected from various public locations and healthcare institutions to provide a varied sample reflective of the broader population.
Results: The analysis showed that analgesics receive daily usage by 67.24% of individuals who primarily need it for bone & joint pain (42.6%) and headache & gum pain (42.6%). Even though participants frequently used medications over half (51.7%) among them reported negative side effects mainly including stomach ulcers (49.12%) and digestive issues (29.82%). The pain medication statistics revealed that paracetamol shared equal usage with diclofenac since both drugs appeared in 40% of reports. Although 56.7% of participants identified potential risks of improper analgesic use, their side effect knowledge overall received poor ratings at 32.7% alongside acceptable evaluations at 32.7% while only 16.3% expressed excellent knowledge. Information about harmful effects did not stop 46.7% of participants from keeping their current analgesic usage. The public showed a preference for analgesic usage by necessity since 70% supported this method yet 30% suggested seeking medical advice for these treatments.
Conclusion: Research demonstrates extensive utilization of analgesics while showing numerous reported side effects which requires better educational practices for safe analgesic use to reduce dangers and abuses
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Tertiary Students in Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study
Full text linkالأمراض المنقولة جنسياً هي إحدى القضايا الصحية العامة الكبرى في غانا، خاصة بين الشباب في المؤسسات التعليمية العليا. حملات التوعية المعروفة التي تستهدف الشباب قد حققت نتائج محدودة في تغيير الفكرة السائدة بأن الأمراض المنقولة جنسياً هي مرادفة لفيروس نقص المناعة البشرية/الإيدز. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم المعرفة والمواقف والممارسات (KAP) لطلاب التعليم العالي بشأن الأمراض المنقولة جنسياً، ودراسة مكونات العوامل الديموغرافية مثل الجنس والإقامة في المناطق الحضرية مقابل الريفية.
الطرق:تم إجراء دراسة وصفية مقطعية على 1500 طالب من طلاب الجامعات من الفئة العمرية 18 إلى 30 سنة من جامعات مختارة في غانا. تم استخدام استبيان يتم إدارته من قبل المقابلين لجمع البيانات. تم اختيار المشاركين من خلال العينة العشوائية الطبقية. تم جمع وتحليل العديد من المتغيرات الديموغرافية والمعرفة بالأمراض المنقولة جنسياً والمواقف والسلوكيات باستخدام الاختبارات الإحصائية مثل اختبار كاي-تربيع والانحدار اللوجستي.
النتائج:كانت المعرفة العامة بفيروس نقص المناعة البشرية/الإيدز مرتفعة نسبياً (58.5%)، ولكن كانت هناك انخفاضات ملحوظة في المعرفة بالأمراض المنقولة جنسياً الأخرى مثل الكلاميديا (35.0%). كان لدى الطلاب في المناطق الحضرية معرفة أفضل بالأمراض المنقولة جنسياً مقارنة بنظرائهم في المناطق الريفية. بالنسبة لاستخدام الواقي الذكري، ادعى 72.4% من الطلاب أنهم استخدموا الواقي الذكري، ولكن فقط 28.6% أفادوا بأنهم استخدموه بشكل متسق. أفاد 9.4% فقط من المشاركين بأنهم قاموا بفحوصات دورية للأمراض المنقولة جنسياً و21.3% كان لديهم شركاء جنسيون متعددون. أظهرت الإناث والأشخاص الذين يعيشون في المناطق الريفية مستويات أعلى من الوصمة الاجتماعية وأقل شعوراً بالمخاطر. تم ملاحظة فروق كبيرة في المواقف والسلوكيات تجاه الأمراض المنقولة جنسياً بين الطلاب بناءً على جنسهم وموقعهم.
الخاتمة:يُظهر طلاب التعليم العالي في غانا وجود فجوات معرفية ملحوظة وعدم تناسق سلوكي فيما يتعلق بالأمراض المنقولة جنسياً بخلاف فيروس نقص المناعة البشرية/الإيدز. إن التوزيع غير المتساوي للموارد الصحية والنتائج الصحية بسبب العوامل الاجتماعية والاقتصادية، والتمييز القائم على الجنس، والفروق بين المناطق الحضرية والريفية يُسهم في التفاوتات الصحية المكانية. إن زيادة الوعي حول الوصمة المرتبطة بالفحوصات في المناطق الريفية والوصمة بشكل عام، وخاصة في فحوصات الأمراض المنقولة جنسياً، أمر بالغ الأهمية لتحسين الصحة الجنسية لشباب غانا.
Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a growing public health challenge among young people in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Ghana. Tertiary students are vulnerable due to risky sexual behaviors, stigma, and insufficient knowledge of STIs.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to STIs among tertiary education students in Ghana and to examine how demographic characteristics influence these factors.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 1,500 students from six tertiary institutions using a stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected through a structured, self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS Version 25. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression were used to explore associations and predictors.
Results: Only 58.5% of students demonstrated adequate knowledge of HIV/AIDS, while knowledge of other STIs was lower: syphilis (45.3%), gonorrhea (40.1%), and chlamydia (35.0%). Although 72.4% reported ever using condoms, only 28.6% practiced consistent condom use, and just 9.4% had undergone STI testing. Female and rural students reported significantly higher stigma scores (mean = 4.0 and 4.1, respectively, on a 5-point scale) compared to male and urban peers. Key predictors of poor knowledge and practices included rural residence, lower education level, and female gender (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Findings reveal concerning gaps between STI awareness and preventive behavior among Ghanaian tertiary students, particularly in rural and female subgroups. These results underscore the need to integrate STI education into tertiary curricula, expand access to youth-friendly STI testing, and implement stigma-reduction campaigns. Targeted policies and campus health interventions are critical for improving sexual health outcomes in this at-risk population
Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) and Their Role in Diabetic Mellitus Disease: A Review
Full text linkBackground: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are an integral component of the innate immune system, have been identified as a key player in this inflammatory process. Toll-Like Receptors appeared as important elements in early defending against infectious diseases. These receptors are responsible for the promotion of antigen-presenting cell (APC) activation, e.g. dendritic cells and macrophages, thereby improving adaptive immune responses by T-cell activation promotion as well as improving B cell response.
Objective: This study aimed to explore association between TLRs and diabetes development and progression, and find their role in diabetes development and progression and the possible treatment implications.
Method: This study reviewed previous studies on TLRs and their relationship to DM, as this study reviewed 71 studies.
Results: TLRs play essential roles in both types of DM (Type I and Type II) via contribution to insulin resistance and inflammations. The inflammatory environment which aggravates β-cell dysfunctions and insulin resistance can be promoted by specific TLRs activation, e.g. TLR-2, TLR-4 and TLR-9.
Conclusion: New treatment strategies may be provided to treat DM through targeting such receptors. It is recommended to investigate how TLR activation in pancreatic islets triggers immune cell infiltration (e.g., macrophages, dendritic cells), and to study TLR4 inhibitors (e.g., TAK-242) in T2DM models
Emergency Medication Preparedness in Sudanese Dental Practice: Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Systemic Barriers
Full text linkBackground: Medical emergencies in dental practice, such as anaphylaxis or hypoglycemia, demand timely and competent intervention.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of Sudanese dentists regarding emergency medications and identify barriers affecting their preparedness in clinical settings.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey targeting Sudanese dental practitioners from January to June 2024. A validated questionnaire was used to assess emergency preparedness among 413 participants, employing convenience sampling. Data were analyzed descriptively using SPSS version 25.0.
Results: Most of the respondents were female (59%), under 30 years old (66.8%), and dental interns (66.5%). While 70.5% reported receiving emergency training, only 30% demonstrated excellent knowledge, with notable gaps in identifying tachycardia (17.4% correct). Attitudes were largely neutral (66.3%), despite 83.5% strongly agreeing on the importance of emergency medications. In practice, 44.8% showed excellent performance, yet only 28.1% checked their emergency kits monthly. Medication availability varied, with aspirin (93.9%) and salbutamol (76.7%) commonly stocked, while hydrocortisone (35.7%) and glyceryl trinitrate (19.4%) were deficient.
Conclusion: Despite moderate levels of self-reported training, critical gaps persist in Sudanese dentists\u27 knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding emergency medications, as well as their availability in clinics. The predominance of early-career practitioners combined with systemic constraints highlights the urgent need for curriculum reforms, simulation-based training, and national policy interventions to strengthen emergency preparedness and safeguard vulnerable patients\u27 resource-constrained settings
Beneficiary Satisfaction with the Quality of Health Services in Primary Health Care Centers in Aden Governorate, Yemen
Full text linkBackground: Patient satisfaction is a key indicator of healthcare quality and accessibility. Understanding the sociodemographic factors influencing satisfaction can inform improvements in service delivery, particularly in low-resource settings.
Objective: To assess patients’ satisfaction with access to primary health care (PHC) services and examine the influence of sociodemographic factors on satisfaction levels.
Methods: A cross-sectional analytic study was conducted among 247 beneficiaries attending PHC centers. Data were collected using structured questionnaires covering service access, satisfaction scores, and financial barriers. Satisfaction was measured across multiple domains, and sociodemographic characteristics were analyzed descriptively.
Results: Overall satisfaction with PHC access was moderate to high, with the highest ratings given for staff cooperation and explanation of treatment. However, dissatisfaction was notable in areas related to medication availability and cost. Most participants were female (72.5%), married (71.3%), and from low socio-economic backgrounds (67.2%). Financial constraints significantly influenced satisfaction, with 45.7% reporting out-of-pocket expenses as a burden and 58.3% unable to purchase prescribed medications due to cost. Urban residents and individuals with lower educational levels generally reported higher satisfaction, whereas employed and higher-educated participants showed more critical assessments of service access.
Conclusion: While patients reported positive experiences with PHC services overall, access inequities remain, particularly regarding medication availability and financial barriers. Sociodemographic factors, especially income and education, play a critical role in shaping patient satisfaction. Policy interventions should address affordability and availability to ensure equitable healthcare access
Prevalence of Anemia among Diabetic Population Attending An Urban Primary Health Care Center in Tamil Nadu
Full text linkBackground: Diabetes has been proven to cause various systemic manifestations, including nephropathy, vasculopathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy.
Objective: To estimate the prevalence of anemia among the diabetic population attending the primary health care center and to determine the prevalence of anemia based on biophysical profile, including age group and gender.
Methods: This is Cross-sectional analytical study. Urban Primary Health Centre (UPHC) of Government Medical College, Omandurar Government Estate, Chennai; Study population: Diabetic patients attending the outpatient division of UPHC. The study was carried out from June 7th to September 1st, 2022. Two hundred participants were included (calculated population: 196) (z= 1.96 for 95% CI, p= 47.91% from a previous study, q=52.09%, n=0.05). After obtaining informed consent from the participants, 5 mL of blood was collected from the patient and analyzed for hemoglobin levels and fasting and postprandial sugar levels.
Results: The prevalence of anemia in the diabetic population is 66%. The prevalence of anemia was higher in males suffering from diabetes than in females suffering from diabetes (74% in males in comparison to 54% in females.) Anemia was most common in the 60- to 80-year-old age group, corresponding to a decreasing quality of life with increasing age.
Conclusion: About two-thirds of the diabetics were having anemia, with more preponderance towards males and the elderly
Radiological Impact of Smartphone Usage on Antibiotic Resistance in Ear Microbiota: A Cross-sectional Study
Full text linkBackground: Extended use of mobile phones has been found to cause harm to the inner ear, as indicated by the discovery that individuals who frequently use cell phones exhibit measurable hearing loss that may not be immediately noticeable.
Objective: This study aims to analyze and determine the radiological impact of smartphone radiation on the enhancement of the resistance of indigenous bacterial flora.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, collecting a total of 100 ear swab samples from students at Diyala University. Participants were recruited from three distinct academic departments: Science (n=52), Geography (n=33), and Sports (n=14). For each participant, relevant demographic and clinical data were documented to facilitate subsequent analysis.
Results: Microbiological isolation and identification tests revealed the following prevalence of bacterial species: Staphylococcus epidermidis (45.3%), Enterobacter spp. (20.0%), Pseudomonas spp. (17.3%), Escherichia coli (10.0%), and Proteus spp. (6.6%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated distinct resistance profiles. The highest resistance was observed in Staphylococcus epidermidis to Cefoxitin (CX), Enterobacter spp. to Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid (AMC), Pseudomonas spp. to Clindamycin (DA), and Escherichia coli to AMC. Proteus spp. exhibited high-level resistance to both DA and AMC. Furthermore, exposure to mobile phone radiation was associated with a measurable alteration in the diameter of inhibition zones for all tested bacterial species, with the magnitude of effect varying between genera.
Conclusion: The study found that bacteria from students showed varying antibiotic resistance, with Staphylococcus epidermidis being the most common and resistant. Mobile phone radiation caused noticeable changes in bacterial inhibition zones, suggesting a possible link between radiation exposure and increased antibiotic resistance