University of Science and Technology, Yemen (USTY): Journals / جامعة العلوم والتكنولوجي
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Evaluation of Vitamin D’s Effect in Reduction of Obesity in a Rabbit Model
Get PDFBackground: Obesity is currently a global health problem, and it is one of the risk factors leading to a high number of deaths per year. Several studies were carried out to identify the causes of overweight and obesity. Vit. D deficiency is presumed to have an effect on the development of obesity.
Objective: This study\u27s objective is to evaluate the impact of vitamin D in reduction of obesity in a rabbit model and its effect on the lipid profile.
Methods: Ten male rabbits were split up into two groups for the experiment; (a) control group (with a fatty rich diet), (b) vitamin D group (with a fatty rich diet + vitamin D supplementation for 4 weeks). Blood samples for lipid profile (TG, LDL, and HDL) were collected before and at the end of the study, and their body weights were measured as well.
Results: Following four weeks of the trial, the animals in the control group weighed significantly more than those in the vitamin D group. The increase in serum TG and LDL were significant for the control animals in related to the vitamin D animals. In addition, there is a significant rise in the good serum HDL in the control group compared to the vitamin D group.
Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that vitamin D has an important effect in reduction of body weight and obesity
Significant Association between Sleep Deprivation and Somato Testicular Index: an experimental study on Albino Rats
Get PDFBackground: Sleep deprivation is total or partial absence of sleep. It is a risk factor for many diseases including disorders of reproductive system.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between sleep deprivation and testicular morphology in albino rat model.
Method: Twelve adult albino rats with average weight 300±20 grams divided randomly into 6 as a control group and 6 as a study group. Study group was exposed to sleep deprivation by continuous light 24 h and intermittent noisy alarming shuffled daily regarding duration and timing. Weight of rats was reported at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. After general anesthesia and scarification, the testes were retrieved, fixed in Bouin\u27s solution, dehydrated in an ascending series of alcohol, cleared in two changes of xylene and embedded in molten paraffin. Sections of 5 μ thicknesses were stained by hematoxylin and eosin. Relative testis weight, testicular volume, were determined and somato-teticular index was computed using SPSS version 24.
Results: in the study group significant weight reduction was observed, however significant increased testicular volume and subsequent somato-testicular index STI (p < 0.05) were observed. Study group showed swollen edematous testes with redness appearance and apparently dilated vessels on the surface. Light microscopy showed slightly separated seminiferous tubules, reduced number of Leydig\u27s cells containing apoptotic vacuoles as well as vacuoles within cells of Sertoli, atrophied seminiferous tubules with mild fluid accumulation within the stroma and reduced sperm cell count in the center.
Conclusion: a statistically significant association between sleep deprivation and testicular damage had been detected together with alteration in somato-testicular index
DTI-Guided Hypofractionated IMRT for Large Brain Metastasis in Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report
Get PDFBackground: The utilization of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-guided radiotherapy represents an innovative approach for detecting tumor invasion while minimizing radiation exposure to critical white matter tracts.
Objective Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a useful technique for visualizing white matter tracts adjacent to the tumor. The application of DTI in conjunction with radiotherapy for large brain metastases has not been reported. Therefore the current case report is discussing this health issue.
Method: This case report discussing a 62-year-old female patient underwent DTI-guided hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy for a metastasis measuring 4.5 centimeters from small-cell lung cancer in the left frontal lobe.
Results: The tumor showed complete radiological remission with no observed neurological sequelae or treatment-related toxicity.
Conclusion: DTI-guided radiotherapy has the potential to become a safe and effective treatment for large brain metastasis that are adjacent to matter tracts
In Vitro Antioxidant Evaluation and In Silico Prediction of Antiestrogenic and Pharmacokinetic Properties of Ketamine Derivatives
Get PDFBackground: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer found among women; 12 out of 100 females are affected during their lifetime.
Objective: In vitro antioxidant and in silico methods were applied to determine the anti-breast cancer properties of the derivatives of ketamine.
Methods: Their antioxidant abilities were assessed by the following methods: ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), ferrous chelating assay, 2.2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid(ABTS) ABTS radical scavenging assay, and antioxidant peroxidation assay. The compounds were docked against human estrogen alpha receptor (ERα) PDB: 1SJO and cyclin D-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) PDB: 2W96, which were always overexpressed in breast cancers. The standard drug employed during the docking process was
5-fluorouracil. The docking, drug likeness, and ADMET analysis were carried out by Maestro Suite.
Results: All tested compounds (D11-D15) showed antioxidant effects. In addition, all tested compounds exhibited stronger binding affinity than the reference compound, 5-fluorouracil. Also, the results for the docking of D11–D15 are -7.26, -7.56, -7.96, -7.77, and -7.43 kcal/mol, respectively, against 1SJ0. It also revealed that all compounds were better than the reference drug 5-fluorouracil (-4.81 kcal/mol). In the docking study of cyclin-dependent kinase 4, both the standard drug and the derivatives of ketamine are all in very close range of binding energies. All the drugs can be excreted with high safety, they do not violate Lipinski\u27s rule of five, and their molecular weights are within the normal range.
Conclusion: Therefore, these compounds can serve as potential lead compounds in the treatment and management of breast cancers
Toxoplasma gondii Prevalence and Risk Factors among Pregnant Women in Ibb Governorate, Yemen
Get PDFBackground: Pregnant women and their fetuses are especially vulnerable to toxoplasmosis.
Objective: To assess the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and related risk factors in pregnant women at Ibb Governorate, Yemen.
Methods: A cross-sectional study with 415 pregnant women was carried out in Yemen\u27s Ibb Governorate between June and October 2024. Anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected in serum samples by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data on potential infection risk factors linked to the infection were gathered by the administration of a questionnaire.
Results: The research found an overall seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies (IgG and/or IgM) of 55.9% (232/415; 95% Confidence Interval: 50.9%–60.9%). Among the participants, 45.0% (187/415) tested positive for IgG, 3.4% (14/415) for IgM, and 7.5% (31/415) for both. Binary regression analysis revealed significant risk factors for infection, including increasing age (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 1.88; P = 0.006), history of blood transfusions (AOR = 2.03; P = 0.012), cat presence in the household (AOR = 1.86; P = 0.006), history of miscarriage (AOR = 2.76; P = 0.000), and history of giving birth to a baby with defects (AOR = 5.53; P = 0.002).
Conclusion: These findings indicate a high rate of toxoplasmosis in prenatal medical care clinics in Ibb Governorate, Yemen, underscoring the need for routine screening and health education on transmission modes
Landmine Detection Using Magnetic Data and Pseudogravity Transforms: Case Study of Osi NE, Central Nigeria
Get PDFLandmines are a major problem in many areas of the world. Despite the development of numerous landmine sensors, the detection of non-metallic landmines continues to pose significant challenges. The aim of this contribution is to utilize structural indices to isolate gemstones and other objects, such as landmines, from the ground, based on their structures or geometry. In the mineral-rich zones of the Osi NE (Sheet 225) area of central Nigeria, I have employed the 3D Euler deconvolution of aeromagnetic and pseudogravity transforms to isolate landmines (military ordinances) and gemstones based on their structural identity. The approach relied on the analogy that both landmines and spherical host structures share the same structural index (SI), allowing for their isolation before differentiating them into ordinances or non-ordinances using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). Certain parts of the world have successfully used 3D structures like spheres and dipoles, commonly associated with certain gemstones, to locate or identify landmines such as tanks and drums. The gravity and magnetic techniques proved to be fast and effective tools for detecting landmines, especially at a regional scale; however, the differentiation and separation of the landmines from other non-ordnance involves the use of GPR techniques
TOTAL QUALITY AS AN APPROACH TO DEVELOPING ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION
Get PDFTotal Quality Management (TQM) – the third revolutionary wave following the Industrial Revolution and the Computer Revolution – is a modern concept that emerged at the end of the last century as a result of intense global competition among economic, industrial, technological, and commercial organizations in developed countries. This was particularly evident between Japanese institutions on one side and European and American institutions on the other, aiming to achieve customer satisfaction. In the past few decades, the term "TQM" began to enter the field of education. This research paper seeks to shed light on what this approach can offer in higher education in general and in architectural education in particular
DESIGN OF SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM FOR UNDERGROUND IRRIGATION PUMPING WATER FOR THE AGRICULTURAL FARMLAND IN NATIONAL ROOT CROPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, UMUDIKE (NRCRI), ABIA STATE, NIGERIA.
Get PDFThis study addresses the critical challenge of water scarcity and high energy costs impacting agricultural productivity in regions like Abia State, Nigeria, by proposing a sustainable solar photovoltaic (SPV) irrigation pumping system. The objective was to design and evaluate an SPV system for underground irrigation at the National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI), Umudike, and ensure a reliable water supply for its 5-hectare farmland. The methodology involved determining pump energy demand (36.3 kWh/day), applying three distinct SPV component sizing methods for cross-validation, and performing a robust stochastic reliability and temperature-adjusted performance analysis using Monte Carlo simulation. Key results indicate that a system with 36 solar panels, 24 batteries, and a 6.0 kVA inverter can consistently meet the daily energy demand. The stochastic analysis demonstrated that while monthly solar deficits can be high in certain periods (e.g., 99.9% in August), even minimal (e.g., 1 day) battery autonomy drastically reduces the probability of energy shortfall. This research provides a practical and resilient framework for off-grid agricultural irrigation in sun-rich developing regions
Exploring How Quality Assurance Manages Prison students \u27 Access to Distance E-Learning Education
Get PDFتستكشف هذه الدراسة دور ضمان الجودة في إدارة الوصول إلى التعليم الإلكتروني عن بعد لطلاب السجون. وسط التوسع السريع في الفرص التعليمية عبر الإنترنت، فإن ضمان الوصول العادل وبيئات التعلم عالية الجودة للمتعلمين في السجون يمثل تحديات فريدة من نوعها. تعتبر آليات ضمان الجودة حاسمة في الحفاظ على المعايير التعليمية وتعزيز جو التعلم الشامل والداعم. يستخدم البحث منهجية نوعية، حيث يقوم بتحليل البيانات من الأدبيات والمقابلات مع طلاب السجون الذين يدرسون من خلال برامج التعلم الإلكتروني عن بعد. تشير النتائج إلى أن أطر ضمان الجودة القوية تعزز الخبرات والنتائج التعليمية لطلاب السجون من خلال ضمان تصميم محتوى الدورة التدريبية وطرق التدريس وتخصيص الموارد لتلبية احتياجاتهم التعليمية المتقدمة. تسلط الدراسة الضوء على أهمية عمليات التحسين المستمر، بما في ذلك حلقات التغذية الراجعة المنتظمة واستراتيجيات التعلم التكيفية، لاستيعاب القدرات المتنوعة لطلاب السجون. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تم التركيز على ضمان الجودة في التخفيف من مخاطر الإهمال التعليمي في بيئة التعلم في السجون عن بعد. إن الإدارة الفعالة من خلال ضمان الجودة لا تدعم طلاب السجون في تحقيق إمكاناتهم فحسب، بل تضع أيضًا معيارًا لتميزهم الأكاديمي في التعليم عن بعد.This study explores the role of quality assurance in managing access to distance e-learning education for prison students. Amidst the rapid expansion of online educational opportunities, ensuring equitable access and high-quality learning environments for prison learners presents unique challenges. Quality assurance mechanisms are crucial in maintaining educational standards and fostering an inclusive, supportive learning atmosphere. The research employs a qualitative methodology, analyzing data from literature and interviewees with prison students that study through distance e-learning programs. Findings indicate that robust quality assurance frameworks enhance the educational experiences and outcomes for prison students by ensuring that course content, instructional methods, and resource allocation are tailored to meet their advanced learning needs. The study highlights the importance of continuous improvement processes, including regular feedback loops and adaptive learning strategies, to accommodate the diverse abilities of prison students. Additionally, the quality assurance in mitigating the risk of educational neglect in remote prison learning setting is emphasised. Effective management through quality assurance not only supports prison students in realizing their potential but also sets a standard for their academic excellence in distance education
The level of applying of educational loss treatment from the perspective of English language teachers in the schools of the Directorate of Education in Kasbah Al-Salt
No full textهدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف إلى درجة رضا معلمي اللغة الانجليزية عن أدوارهم في معالجة الفاقد التعليمي في مدارس مديرية التربية والتعليم في قصبة السلط، واستخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وتكون مجتمع الدراسة من جميع معلمي اللغة الانجليزية خلال النصف الأول من عام(2024)، وتم اختيار عينة متيسرة بلغ حجمها (370) معلمًا ومعلمة، منهم (298) معلمًا و(72) ومعلمة، وقد تم توزيع الأداة لهذه الدراسة إلكترونيًا.
وتوصلت نتائج الدراسة إلى أن المتوسطات الحسابية لمجالات درجة رضا معلمي اللغة الانجليزية عن أدوار المدراء في معالجة الفاقد التعليمي جاءت بدرجات مرتفعة، كما أشارت نتائج الدراسة إلى عدم وجود فروق دالة احصائيا في درجة رضا معلمي اللغة الانجليزية عن أدوار المدراء في معالجة الفاقد التعليمي للمتغيرات (سنوات الخبرة، الجنس، المؤهل العلمي).
The study aimed to identify the level of applying of educational loss treatment from the perspective of English language teachers in the schools of the Education Directorate in Kasbah Al-Salt. The study used the descriptive analytical approach, and the study community consisted of all English language teachers during the first half of the year (2024). A convenient sample of (370) male and female teachers was selected, including (298) male teachers and (72) female teachers. The tool for this study was distributed electronically.
The results of the study showed that the arithmetic averages of the areas of the level of applying of educational loss treatment from the perspective of English language teachers came with high degrees. The results of the study also indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the level of applying of educational loss treatment from the perspective of English language teachers for the variables (years of experience, gender, academic qualification)