University of Science and Technology, Yemen (USTY): Journals / جامعة العلوم والتكنولوجي
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The Role of Yemeni Media In Influencing Public Opinion To Enhance National Awareness
No full textتناول هذا البحث دور الإعلام اليمني في التأثير في الرأي العام لتعزيز الوعي الوطني، وهدف إلى قياس مستوى اعتماد وثقة الجمهور بالإعلام الرسمي في تشكيل آرائه حول قضايا الوعي الوطني، وتحليل تأثير المحتوى الإعلامي في الرأي العام، بالإضافة إلى إبراز المعوقات التي تحد من فاعليته، وتقديم مقترحات عملية لتطوير دوره في توجيه الرأي العام نحو تعزيز الوعي الوطني، ولتحقيق أهدافه، اعتمد البحث على المنهج الوصفي، كما استند إلى دراسة المفاهيم المرتبطة بالموضوع وفق خطة منهجية واضحة، مستخدماً الاستبيان أداة رئيسة لجمع البيانات، إلى جانب التحليل الديموغرافي، وقد شملت عينة الدراسة (225) مشاركاً ومشاركة من شرائح اجتماعية متعددة، مع تمثيل بارز لفئة الشباب المثقف والفئات المهنية المختلفة، وذلك بهدف قياس مستويات الثقة والاعتماد والتأثير المعرفي والوجداني والسلوكي للإعلام الرسمي في تشكيل الوعي الوطني لدى الجمهور، وقد خلص البحث إلى أن الإعلام الرقمي، ولا سيما وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي، يمثل الأداة الأكثر تأثيراً في تشكيل وعي الجمهور اليمني، وتعزيز انتمائه الوطني، في حين تراجع تأثير الإعلام التقليدي، وأوصى البحث بضرورة تطوير المحتوى الإعلامي الرسمي، بما يواكب المنصات الرقمية ويعزز دوره في بناء وعي وطني مستنير.This study examines the role of Yemeni media in influencing public opinion to enhance national awareness. It aimed to measure the level of public reliance on and trust in official media in shaping opinions on issues of national awareness, analyze the impact of media content on public opinion, highlight the challenges that limit its effectiveness, and provide practical recommendations to strengthen its role in guiding public opinion toward reinforcing national awareness. To achieve these objectives, the study adopted the descriptive method and relied on a systematic review of related concepts, using a questionnaire as the main data collection tool, along with demographic analysis. The study sample consisted of 225 participants from diverse social groups, with significant representation of educated youth and various professional categories. The research assessed levels of trust, reliance, and cognitive, emotional, and behavioral influence of official media in shaping national awareness among the public. The findings revealed that digital media, particularly social media platforms, represent the most influential tool in shaping Yemeni public awareness and enhancing national belonging, while the influence of traditional media has declined. The study recommended developing official media content to align with digital platforms and strengthen its role in fostering enlightened national awareness
Percutaneous Release of Trigger Finger Functional Outcomes and Complications
Get PDFالملخص
الخلفية: يحدث التهاب إصبع الزناد (التهاب غمد الوتر الضيق) بسبب سماكة بكرة A1، مما يحد من حركة الوتر، مما يؤدي إلى الألم وقفل الإصبع. يعد التحرير الجلدي بديلاً أقل تدخلاً للجراحة المفتوحة، حيث يوفر تعافيًا أسرع ومضاعفات أقل.
الهدف: تقييم النتائج الوظيفية والمضاعفات لتحرير بكرة A1 الجلدية لإصبع الزناد من سبتمبر 2021 إلى سبتمبر 2023.
الطرق: شملت هذه الدراسة الاستشرافية 49 مريضًا (57 إصبعًا) عولجوا بإطلاق جلدي في مستشفى عمران العام. تم تضمين المرضى الذين يعانون من الدرجة 2 أو شدة أعلى وفقًا لتصنيف كوينيل. استخدم الإجراء التخدير الموضعي وإبرة مقاس 19 لتحرير بكرة A1. تقييمات المتابعة في الأسبوع 1 والسادس والثاني عشر لتسكين الألم ونطاق الحركة والمضاعفات.
النتائج: كان الإجراء ناجحًا في 54 من 57 إصبعًا (94.7٪). أظهرت معظم الحالات (68.4%) شفاءً كاملاً (الدرجة 0)، بينما عانى 26.3% من الحالات من آلام عرضية (الدرجة 1). تطلبت ثلاث حالات جراحة مفتوحة بسبب التحرير غير الكامل. لم يتم الإبلاغ عن أي عدوى أو تلف في الأعصاب أو مضاعفات أخرى. كان متوسط وقت التعافي 1.5 ± 0.5 يوم.
الخلاصة: يعتبر تحرير بكرة A1 عن طريق الجلد علاجًا آمنًا وفعالًا لإصبع الزناد، مع معدل نجاح 94.7% ومضاعفات ضئيلة وتعافي سريع، مما يجعله بديلاً موثوقًا به للجراحة المفتوحة.
Background: Trigger finger results from thickening of the A1 pulley, restricting tendon movement, causing pain and finger locking. Percutaneous release is a minimally invasive alternative to open surgery, offering quicker recovery and fewer complications.
Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of percutaneous release for trigger finger regarding pain relief, finger range of motion, and complications for the period between September 2021 and September 2023.
Methods: This prospective study included 49 patients (57 fingers) treated with percutaneous release at Amran General Hospital. Patients with Grade ≥2 according to Quinnell’s classification were included. The procedure used local anesthesia and a 19-gauge needle for A1 pulley release. Follow-up assessments at 1, 6, and 12 weeks for pain relief, range of motion, and complications were evaluated.
Results: The procedure was successful in 54 of 57 digits (94.7%). Most cases (68.4%) showed complete resolution (Grade 0), while 26.3% had occasional pain (Grade 1). Three patients required open surgery due to incomplete release. No infections, nerve damage, or other complications were reported. The average recovery time was 1.5 ± 0.5 days.
Conclusion: Percutaneous A1 pulley release is a safe, effective treatment for trigger finger, with a 94.7% success rate, minimal complications, and rapid recovery, making it a reliable alternative to open surgery
The Gut Microbiota’s Role in Drug Absorption, Metabolism and Efficacy: Implications for Personalized Medicine
Get PDFAdvances in microbiome profiling technologies enable the assessment of individual gut microbiota composition, paving the way for personalized drug therapy. Tailoring medications based on a patient’s microbiome could enhance efficacy and minimize side effects. Pharmacogenomics, combined with microbiome analysis, could lead to more accurate predictions of drug responses and optimized treatment plans. In this review, we explore the relationship between drug metabolism and efficacy and the gut microbiome, with a specific focus on enzymatic processes of how gut bacteria metabolize drugs, drugs affected by gut microbiota, and drugs associated with dysbiosis and resulting complications. A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Articles published between 2013 and 2024 were prioritized to ensure up-to-date findings. The gut microbiota significantly impacts drug absorption by altering drug solubility and permeability through microbial metabolism, modulation of the intestinal barrier, and interactions with transport proteins. Furthermore, medications can significantly impact gut microbiota, leading to dysbiosis and various complications. More studies are needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms through which gut microbiota influences drug action
Estimation of Vitamin D levels Among Female Students at University of Sciences and Technology, Aden, Yemen. A Cross-sectional Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Hypovitaminosis D is considered a major public health problem where it is estimated that more than one billion people are affected around the world. In Yemen, the vitamin D status among young females was not clear. Objective: This study aimed to state the level of vitamin D among female students at the University of Sciences and Technology and to determine the risk factors contributing to vitamin D status among those females. Method: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 female students. Results: The total mean ± SD was 21.5 ± 2.7 years. The min-max of the total age was 18 years and 29 years. The overall prevalence of HVD among female students was 89.3% where 82.7% were insufficient and 6.7% were deficient. Symptoms such as muscle pain, bone pain, and hair loss of HVD were statistically associated with vitamin D status (p=0.001) in each. A statistically significant association was found among those who used sunscreen and did not take vitamin D supplements (p=0.001) in each. Conclusion: It can be concluded from this study that the prevalent rate of HVD among female college students in Aden, Yemen, was high and higher than most reported among females globally. The majority of female college students had VDI, while a few had VDD. Using sunscreen and not taking vitamin D supplements increase the risk of HVD
Dermatomycoses in Skin, Hair, and Nails: Prevalence and Fungal Pathogenic Profiling, in Diyala, Iraq
Get PDFBackground: Dermatomycoses refer to fungal infections affecting the skin and its appendages, such as hair and nails, it caused primarily by dermatophytes and yeasts, and occasionally by molds.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of dermatomycosis including the identification of fungal species from infected skin, hair, and nails in Diyala, Iraq.
Methods: Fifty samples of skin, hair and nails were collected from patients with dermal infections in Ba’aqubah teaching hospital and different private clinics in Diyala, Iraq, with different age groups (3-73 years). All samples were identified to detect the pathogenic fungi caused dermatomycosis infections.
Results: This study showed that 78% of samples were positive for dermatomycosis infections. Among samples collected from infected skin, 84% were positive, 57% of infected hair and 75% from infected nails. 89.3% of females included in this study were show positive results for dermatomycosis whereas males were 63.6%. Skin infections were more prevalent among females than males, whereas no significant differences were observed for hair and nail infections between genders. The 21–30 years age group showed the highest prevalence of dermatophycosis. Candida species were the most isolated species that cause dermatomycosis in skin and onychomycosis. Malassezia were isolated from skin and hair scalp, Trichosporon beigelii were isolated from two cases with white piedra, whereas Rhodotorula and Trichophyton mentagrophytes were isolated from one skin case infection for each.
Conclusion: Dermatomycosis can affect hair skin and nails in people with various age groups in both genders, Candida spp. and Malassezia were the most isolated yeasts affecting skin, and Candida was the most yeast caused onychomycosis
The Prevalence of Anemia Among Internally Displaced Families in Lahej Governorate, Yemen
Get PDFالخلفية: يُعد فقر الدم مشكلة صحية عامة واسعة الانتشار، لا سيما بين النازحين حيث تكون فرص الحصول على التغذية والرعاية الصحية محدودة. تُمثل الأسر النازحة داخليًا في محافظة لحج فئة ضعيفة يُحتمل أن تكون معرضة لخطر كبير.
الأهداف: تحديد مدى انتشار فقر الدم وشدته بين الأطفال والنساء النازحين داخليًا في محافظة لحج، وتقييم المعايير الدموية المرتبطة به.
المواد والطرق: أُجريت دراسة مقطعية من يوليو إلى أكتوبر 2024 على 279 فردًا (149 طفلًا و130 امرأة) من أسر نازحة داخليًا. جُمعت عينات الدم وحُللت لتركيز الهيموغلوبين ومؤشرات الدم الأخرى باستخدام تقنيات مخبرية قياسية.
النتائج: وُجد أن 22.8% من الأطفال يعانون من فقر الدم، مع انتشار أعلى قليلاً لدى الإناث (55.9%) منه لدى الذكور (44.1%). أما بين النساء، فقد وُجد فقر الدم لدى 26.2% من المشاركات، وخاصةً من تقل أعمارهن عن 45 عامًا. أظهر الأفراد المصابون بفقر الدم مستويات أقل بكثير من الهيموغلوبين، وهرمون الحمل، وقيمة كريات الدم الحمراء، ومحتوى كريات الدم الحمراء، ومحتوى كريات الدم الحمراء، ومحتوى كريات الدم الحمراء، مقارنةً بنظرائهم غير المصابين بفقر الدم.
من بين الأطفال المصابين بفقر الدم، عانى 58.8% من فقر الدم الخفيف، و35.3% من فقر الدم المتوسط، و5.9% من فقر الدم الشديد؛ وأظهرت النساء اتجاهات شدة مماثلة.
الخلاصة: لا يزال فقر الدم يُشكل مصدر قلق متوسط على الصحة العامة بين الأسر النازحة داخليًا في محافظة لحج، ويؤثر بشكل خاص على النساء في سن الإنجاب والأطفال. يُوصى بالتدخلات التغذوية والصحية لمعالجة هذه المشكلة.
ما تضيفه الدراسة:
توفر هذه الدراسة أول بيانات حول انتشار فقر الدم بين النازحين داخليًا في محافظة لحج، حيث تُحدد نقص الحديد كمسبب رئيسي. تُفيد النتائج بشكل مباشر التدخلات الإنسانية في مناطق النزاع.
تشمل القيود أخذ العينات غير العشوائي ونقص المؤشرات البيوكيميائية (مثل الفيريتين) لتأكيد نقص الحديد. على الرغم من ذلك، تُوفر النتائج بيانات أساسية مهمة للتدخلات الإنسانية.Background: Anemia is a widespread public health issue, especially in displaced populations where nutrition and healthcare access are limited. Internally displaced families in Lahej Governorate represent a vulnerable group potentially at high risk.
Objective: To determine the prevalence and severity of anemia among internally displaced children and women in Lahij Governorate and to assess associated hematological parameters.
Method: A crosssectional study was conducted from July to October 2024 on 279 individuals (149 children and 130 women) from internally displaced families. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for hemoglobin concentration and other hematological indices using standard laboratory techniques.
Results: Among children, 22.8% were found to be anemic, with a slightly higher prevalence in females (55.9%) than males (44.1%). Among women, anemia was present in 26.2% of the participants, predominantly in those under 45 years old. Anemic individuals showed significantly lower levels of Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, and MCHC compared to non-anemic counterparts Among anemic children, 58.8% had mild, 35.3% moderate, and 5.9% severe anemia; women showed similar severity trends."
Conclusion: Anemia remains a moderate public health concern among internally displaced families in Lahij Governorate, particularly affecting women of reproductive age and children. Nutritional and health interventions are recommended to address this issue
An Enhanced Gray-Scale Digital Watermarking Approach Utilizing Discrete Wavelet Transform and Reed-Solomon Error Correction
Get PDFأصبح تضمين العلامات المائية الرقمية أمرًا أساسيًا لحماية الملكية الفكرية وضمان أصالة المحتوى في العصر الرقمي. ومع ذلك، تظل التحديات الرئيسية تتمثل في تطوير تقنيات العلامات المائية التي تكون قوية بما يكفي لمقاومة الهجمات المختلفة (مثل الضغط، والضوضاء، والقص) وفي نفس الوقت غير ملحوظة للعين البشرية، وهو أمر ضروري للحفاظ على جودة المحتوى الأصلي. يعالج هذا البحث هذه التحديات من خلال اقتراح تقنية متقدمة لتضمين العلامات المائية في الصور الرقمية تعتمد على التحويل الموجي المتقطع ثلاثي المستويات (DWT) باستخدام عائلة موجات Haar إلى جانب أكواد تصحيح الأخطاء من نوع Reed-Solomon (RS). يقوم التحويل الموجي ثلاثي المستويات بتقسيم الصورة إلى مكونات تردد متعددة، مما يسمح بتضمين العلامة المائية في الأجزاء الأكثر أهمية في الصورة، مما يعزز من قوة العلامة المائية. تعزز إضافة أكواد Reed-Solomon فوق الحقول المنتهية من مقاومة العلامة المائية، مما يمكنها من التعافي حتى في حالة تعرض أجزاء من العلامة للتلف أو الفقد بسبب الهجمات. أظهرت النتائج التجريبية أن المنهجية المقترحة تحسن أداء العلامة المائية بشكل كبير، حيث أظهرت مقاييس نسبة الذروة للإشارة إلى الضوضاء (PSNR) ومؤشر التشابه البنيوي (SSIM) زيادات ملحوظة. ويعزز الجمع بين تحويل Haar الموجي وأكواد Reed-Solomon من قوة العلامة المائية بمقدار يصل إلى 27 ضعفًا مقارنة بالطرق التقليدية التي لا تتضمن تصحيح الأخطاء. تقدم هذه المنهجية حلًا واعدًا لتضمين العلامات المائية الرقمية بشكل آمن وفعال وموثوق في التطبيقات التي تتطلب درجة عالية من القوة وسلامة المحتوىDigital watermarking has become essential for protecting intellectual property and ensuring content authenticity in the digital age. However, a significant challenge remains in developing watermarking techniques that are both robust against various attacks (such as compression, noise, and cropping) and imperceptible to the human eye, which is crucial for maintaining the quality of the original content. This paper addresses these challenges by proposing an advanced digital image watermarking technique that combines a three-level Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) using the Haar wavelet family with Reed-Solomon (RS) error-correcting codes. The three-level DWT decomposes the image into multiple frequency components, allowing the watermark to be embedded in the most significant parts of the image, thereby enhancing robustness. The integration of Reed-Solomon codes over finite fields further increases the watermark\u27s resilience, enabling recovery even when parts of the watermark are damaged or lost due to attacks. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly improves watermark performance, with Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) showing substantial gains. The combination of Haar-based DWT and Reed-Solomon codes improves the watermark\u27s robustness by up to 27 times compared to traditional methods without error correction. This approach provides a promising solution for secure, efficient, and reliable digital watermarking in applications requiring high robustness and content integrity.
Phishing URL Detection Using Deep Learning: A CNN-Based Approach
Get PDFPhishing attacks continue to be a dangerous cybersecurity threat, not only by masking their identity using fake URLs but also by tricking users into unknowingly enabling the theft of sensitive data. This research developed a model based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and has the ability to classify URLs as either phishing or non-phishing. The model can classify a URL as either phishing or not using fewer than 5 layers of a CNN, while using a source dataset of 548,098 web pages (nearly 70% phishing and 30% legitimate). The model used tokenization and then embedded web pages into a matrix. The CNN used convolutional layers to extract features and then classified the web page using multiple fully connected layers. This model achieved 98% accuracy with testing. The model shows strong generalization and remains effective, even in the face of extreme class imbalance and overfitting—common but difficult challenges. Techniques such as dropout regularization and validation splits were used to, in turn, create a model with high performance, and future work may use attention mechanisms or a pre-trained model learned using transfer learning. The model built for this research provides an accessible and scalable solution for effectively detecting phishing URLs that can further cybersecurity asset
DECOMPOSITION AND DECOUPLING ANALYSIS OF NIGERIA INDUSTRIAL EMISSION FROM LMDI AND TAPIO MODELS: CASE STUDY OF THE CEMENT INDUSTRY
Get PDFThis study investigates the relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth in Nigeria\u27s cement industry from 2000 to 2019, using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) and Tapio decoupling models. The results reveal that carbon dioxide emissions increased by 145% over the study period, while economic growth, measured by gross output, increased by 235%. The LMDI analysis identifies energy intensity as the primary driver of carbon dioxide emissions, contributing 67.2% to the total increase, followed by industrial structure (21.5%). The Tapio decoupling model indicates that the industry experienced strong decoupling of carbon dioxide emissions from economic growth in 45% of the studied years but weak decoupling in 55%. The study\u27s findings have important implications for policymakers and industry stakeholders seeking to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from Nigeria\u27s cement industry while promoting sustainable economic growth
Generalized Trirecurrence of Cartan’s Second Curvature Tensor in Ph-Recurrent Spaces
Get PDFThis paper explores Cartan\u27s second curvature tensor within the framework of generalized recurrent spaces. We derive and analyze the generalized recurrence conditions, and show that satisfies the recurrence relations of the first, second, and third orders. Specifically, we investigate the conditions that lead to the tensor’s behavior in generalized -recurrent spaces, denoted as -G-TR , and establish several theorems regarding the curvature tensor’s covariant derivatives and its relationship with other curvature tensors. Furthermore, we connect these recurrence conditions to the P-Ricci tensor and vector fields in higher-dimensional spaces. We demonstrate the interrelations between these tensors through a series of covariant derivative computations and conclude that the curvature tensor cannot vanish under specific geometric conditions. This study advances the field of differential geometry and its applications in physics by offering a thorough foundation for comprehending the characteristics of Cartan\u27s curvature tensor in generalized recurrent spaces